• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.521-528
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• 2017

In this study, peach powder-added chocolate and chocolate-covered freeze-dried peach snack were developed, and their physicochemical and bioactive properties were characterized. To make the chocolate, 0~15% of peach powders made of Fantasia cultivar were used. To make freeze-dried peach snack, three types of peach cultivars were tested: Mihwang, Kanoiwa Hakuto, andFantasia. In the case of chocolate, sugar content increased and pH decreased as peach powder content increased. Upon 15% peach powder addition, chocolate showed significant increase in flavonoid content and reducing power. In the case of freeze-dried peach snack, phenol content and antioxidant activity were significantly high in the Mihwang cultivar among the three types of peach cultivars tested. These results can be applied to the development of new food products using peach while maintaining its original physicochemical and bioactive properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.880-886
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• 2007

Ensiled or oven-dried green tea by-products (GTB) were evaluated in goats for their nutritive potential as protein feedstuffs based on in vitro and in vivo digestibility. To elucidate the effects of tea tannin on in vitro digestibility, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a tannin binding agent. Both ensiled and dried GTB contained 31.9 to 32.6% of crude protein (CP) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Phenolics and tannins in soybean meal and alfalfa hay were low or not detected, but they were high in both ensiled and dried GTB (7.3-10.1% DM as total extractable tannins). In vitro protein digestibility in the rumen ranked: soybean meal>alfalfa hay cube>ensiled GTB = dried GTB. The protein digestibility post-ruminally of these feedstuffs showed a similar trend to that in the rumen, but the digestibility of ensiled GTB was significantly higher than that of dried GTB. Addition of PEG improved the in vitro protein digestibility of both kinds of GTB in the rumen and post-ruminally, indicating that tannins suppressed the potential protein digestibility of GTB. The increased protein digestibility by PEG addition was not significantly different between ensiled and dried GTB in the rumen, but the percentage increment of ensiled GTB was higher than dried GTB post-ruminally. In the in vivo digestibility trial, ensiled and dried GTB were offered to goats as partial substitutes for soybean meal and alfalfa hay cubes. Offering both GTB to goats as 5-10% on a DM basis did not affect nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia concentration. However, the eating time of the GTB-incorporated diet was longer than that of the basal diet. It took 1.4 and 1.6 times longer than the control diet, to eat the diet completely when GTB silage was offered at 5 and 10% levels, respectively, of the total diet. These results show that ensiled and dried GTB are useful as partial substitutes for soybean meal and alfalfa hay cubes for goats with respect to nutritive value. Because of lessened palatability, it is recommended that GTB be incorporated into the diet at 5% on a DM basis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2001

In a balance experiment with rats either 0, 25 or 50% of the crude protein (CP) provided as casein in the control diet was replaced with cassava leaves (CL) (Manihot esculenta Crantz) or sweet potato vines (SPV) (Ipomoea balala). CL were either sun-dried or oven-dried at $60^{\circ}C$ or $105^{\circ}C$ or ensiled, while the SPY were either sun-dried or ensiled. The experiment included 3 blocks with 30 rats in each and six individuals per treatment group. Drying at $105^{\circ}C$ resulted in a reduction of the lysine (Lys) content, suggestive of the occurrence of Maillard reactions. Ensiling CL and SPV slightly decreased the CP. content as well as the sum of essential amino acids. The apparent fecal CP digestibility (dCP) and nitrogen retention were negatively affected by increasing the level of replacement (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). The impaired amino acid profile observed when drying CL at $105^{\circ}C$ was found to be related to a slight decrease in dCP (p<0.001) as well as N retention (p<0.005). The effects of sun-drying and oven-drying in reducing the HCN content in CL were more potent than when ensiling. By increasing the total dietary HCN supply serum thiocyanide level, as well as urinary thiocyanate and linamarin output, were increased, with a weak relationship between them. Sun-drying and ensiling with cane molasses as additive successfully preserved the nitrogenous constituents and could be a means of preserving fresh green feed under tropical conditions.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.676-685
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• 2015

This study tried to develop Siraegi by boiling it down in soy seasoning sauce with excellent sensory attributes and evaluate the quality characteristics in order to enhance the value of traditional agricultural products, dried radish leaves. Sugar content of the seasoning sauce were finally established at 30% (w/v) compared with the starch syrup, which was added to the sauce through sensory evaluation among four groups, 0%, 30%, 60% and 100%. The texture (breaking strength) of Siraegi which was boiled for 30 minutes in water with baking powder was reduced by showing softening effect ranging from 7.6% to 42.1% as the amount of added baking powder was increased. The color of braised Siraegi produced with prepared a seasoning sauce and different content of baking powder, the brightness significantly decreased with an increase of baking powder. The reduction effects of breaking strength ranged from 25.6% to 43.9%, resulting a significant difference. The pH of braised Siraegi with a seasoning sauce significantly increased from 5.71 to 6.04 as the amount of added baking powder was increased, while its acidity was decreased. Sensory evaluation showed significant values for hardness and toughness as the values dropped when compared with the control (p<0.001), and overall acceptability of the group with adding 0.2% baking powder was best (p<0.001). In conclusion, baking powder could be considered as softening agent shorting the cooking time and improvement of the acceptability. Furthermore, it was expected that the newly developed soy sauce barised Siraegi using the dried radish leaves would be successfully utilized by side dishes in the food preparation industry.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2018

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of particle pre-treatment on physical, mechanical, and durability of jatropha fruit hulls (JFH) particleboard. The pre-treatments included were immersing in cold water, hot water, and acetic acid solution. After each treatment, the particles were dried up to 3% moisture content. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was used to fabricate particleboards with board size, thickness and density target of 25 cm by 25 cm, 0.80 cm, and $0.70g/cm^3$, respectively. Board pressed at $130^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, and $25kg/cm^2$ pressure. The evaluation of particleboard followed the JIS A 5908-2003. Whilist their resistance to subterranean termite test (mass loss, mortality, antifeedant value and feeding rate) refers to the Indonesian standard (SNI 01.7207-2006). The physical and mechanical properties of particleboards showed that all pre-treatments decreased the pH of particles. Overall, all particle immersing treatments resulted of better physical and mechanical properties of particleboard than those of untreated ones. The acetic acid treatment resulted the best physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Based on the mass loss of JFH particleboard, hot water and acetic acid treated particleboards were classified into weak resistance to subterranean attack. The other two treatments were classified into very weak resistance. Hot water treated particleboard provided the highest mortality and antifeedant as much as 87.40% and 34.20%, respectively. Based on antifeedant classification, hot water treated particleboards were classified into moderately strong resistance, while other treatments were categorized into weak resistance. The lowest feeding rate value ($45.30{\mu}g/termite/day$) was attained by hot water treatment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,735 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2008. 3,735 samples, comprising 119 types of agricultrural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 260 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.7% (737 of 3,735 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels(MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 3.2% (121 of 3,735 samples). Pesticide residues were detected in 72 spin-aches, 64 peppers, 45 sweet peppers, 40 perilla leaves, 38 korean cabbages and 37 dried agricultural products. The samples that violated the MRLs included 14 perilla leaves, 13 spinaches, 12 leek, 6 lettuces(leaf), 6 chards and 6 gyeojchaes. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, tebuconazole and fenvalerate were all frequently observed. Procymidone, endosulfan, dimethomorph and diniconazole were the pesticides most frequently detected at levels that violated the Korean Food Code MRLs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the nutrient ileal digestibility of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae and compare with those of three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Methods: A total of 12 crossbred ($[Landrace{\times}Yorkshire]{\times}Duroc$) growing pigs with average body weights of $24.12{\pm}0.68kg$ were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas after being deprived of feed for 24 h according to published surgical procedures. These pigs had a recovery period of two weeks. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. Dietary treatments included the following: i) Fish meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% fish meal; ii) Meat meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% meat meal; iii) Poultry meal, cornvegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% poultry meal; iv) Tenebrio molitor, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% dried Tenebrio molitor larvae. Results: Results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Lys was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal diet. Pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet showed increased (p<0.05) AID of His and Arg compared to pigs fed Fish meal or Meat meal diet. The AID of Cys was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed poultry meal and Tenebrio molitor diets compared to that in pigs fish meal diet. Pigs fed meat meal, poultry meal, and Tenebrio molitor diets showed higher (p<0.05) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of total energy compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. The SID of Arg was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal or meat meal diet. Furthermore, pigs fed poultry meal or Tenebrio molitor diets showed increased (p<0.05) SID of Cys compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. Conclusion: In conclusion, providing pigs with diets that contained Tenebrio molitor larvae meal improved AID and SID of nutrients as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The digestibility of dried mealworm larvae protein and its utilization in vivo are also good. Therefore, dried mealworm larvae protein can be used as protein source at 10% level in growing pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.162.2-163
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• 2002

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the biogas productivity of agricultural by-products (ABPs) based on their proximate composition. Specifically, the effects of proximate composition were investigated, and a new mixing method was developed using various ABPs that are difficult to digest for biogas production. Methods: Experiments were conducted to compare the biogas productivity between a single ABP and a mixture of ABPs that had the same proximate composition as the single ABP. To match the proximate compositions of radish waste and corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS), mixed ABPs were made from various ABPs. Biogas potential tests (BMP tests) were performed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.5 g VS/L and a feed to microorganism ratio (F/M) of 0.5 under the mesophilic condition. Results: The individual ABPs (radish and corn DDGS) and the mixed ABPs (cabbage waste with skim milk waste, bean-curd waste with skim milk waste, and some others) produced similar amounts of biogas. Conclusions: The new mixing method based on proximate composition can be applied to other ABPs and organic wastes from factories and municipal waste treatment plants to develop renewable energy and effective waste treatment methods.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.90-93
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• 2001

The effects of the dried fruit powder of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF-f) were investigated on gastric lesion and ulcer models in rats. It showed significant inhibition in HCl ethanol and HCl aspirin induced gastric lesion at a dose of 600 mg/kg, p.o. OF-f also showed significant inhibition in indomethacin induced gastric lesion at the doses of 200 and 600 mg/kg, p.o. However, it did not affect aspirin and Shay ulcer in rats. It also did not affect the gastric juice secretion, acid output and pH. These data suggest that OF-f possesses pronounced inhibitory action on gastric lesion of rats.