• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2021

The use of the supernatant from a Bacillus subtilis culture mixed with sodium bicarbonate was explored as a means of controlling stem brown spot disease in dragon fruit plants. In in vitro experiments, the B. subtilis supernatant used with sodium bicarbonate showed a strong inhibition effect on the growth of the fungus, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, the agent causing stem brown spot disease and was notably effective in preventing fungal invasion of dragon fruit plant. This combination not only directly suppressed the growth of N. dimidiatum, but also indirectly affected the development of the disease by eliciting the dragon-fruit plant's defense response. Substantial levels of the pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase and glucanase, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes, peroxidase and phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase, were triggered. Significant lignin deposition was also detected in treated cladodes of injured dragon fruit plants in in vivo experiments. In summary, B. subtilis supernatant combined with sodium bicarbonate protected dragon fruit plant loss through stem brown spot disease during plant development in the field through pathogenic fungal inhibition and the induction of defense response mechanisms.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

제주도에서 열대과수로 망고(mango; Mangefera indica), 용과(dragon fruit; Hylocereus undatus), 아떼모야(atemoya; Annona cherimola ${\times}$ A. squamosa) 등이 주로 재배되고 있다. 2008년부터 2011년까지 이들 작물에 발생하는 해충 종류와 피해를 조사하였다. 망고 해충 중 총채벌레, 진딧물, 깍지벌레, 나방류 피해가 많았다. 오이총채벌레(Thrips palmi)와 볼록총채벌레(Scirtothrips dorsalis)는 망고 전 재배기간에 걸쳐 발생하여 큰 피해를 주었다. 오이총채벌레는 주로 잎을 가해하였지만 볼록총채벌레는 잎과 과실을 심하게 가해하였다. 나방류 해충은 주로 잎을 가해하였지만, 일부 차애모무늬잎말이나방(Adoxophes honmai.) 유충은 망고 과경지를 중심으로 과실표면에 서식하여 과실 피해를 유발하였다. 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii)과 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)은 신초에 피해를 주었고, 가루깍지벌레(Pseudococcus kraunhiae) 등 깍지벌레는 망고줄기와 과실에 많이 발생하였다. 용과는 개미와 목화진딧물(A. gossypii)에 의한 과실 피해와 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura) 유충은 줄기를 심하게 가해하였다. 아떼모야는 주로 나방류 해충인 담배거세미나방과 차잎말이나방(Homona magnanima) 피해가 심하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.413-413
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• 2021

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

Momordica charantia L. is a valuable food and medicinal plant of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physicochemical properties of M. charantia based on cultivars, parts and growing stage were investigated. Crude protein contents of leaf were 27.5%, 26.9%, and 23.6% in native leaf (NL), cv. Erabu leaf (EL), and cv. Dragon leaf (DL), respectively. In particular, the crude protein content was the highest in leaves. The crude fat content was in the order of developmental stage 1 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF1) and developmental stage 1 of native fruit (NF1) with values of 4.0%, and 3.9%, respectively. There was also high amount of crude fiber in stem of all three cultivars. The crude ash content was in the order of cv. Erabu leaf, cv. Dragon leaf, and developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3) with values of 23.2%, 17.4%, and 13.6%, respectively. The major minerals found in M. charantia were K, Ca, and Mg. The potassium contents of developmental stage 3 of native fruit (NF3), developmental stage 3 of cv. Dragon fruit (DF3), cv. Dragon stem (DS), and developmental stage 2 of native fruit (NF2) were 498.37, 339.21, 314.30, and 307.34 ㎎ /100g, respectively, while the calcium contents were decreased of EL, DL, and NL with values of 513.45, 371.69, and 209.43 ㎎/100g, respectively. The calcium content was higher in leaves and stems than fruits. On the otherhand, the highest magnesium content was measured in EL (69.92 ㎎/100g). The highest contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were found in NL (442.9 ㎎/100g dw), EL (759.6 ㎎/100g dw), and EL (1164.9 ㎎/100g dw), respectively. The vitamin C contents from developmental stage 2 of cv. Erabu fruit (EF2), NF3, developmental stage 3 of cv. Erabu on fruit (EF3), and NF2 were found with values of 2849.9, 2330.5, 1985.1, and 1844.5 ㎎/㎏, respectively, and found to be higher in Korean cultivar and Erabu fruit than in Dragon. The charantin contents of leaf were higher than the fruit found to be 547.71, 506.04 and 395.62 ㎍/g dw in DL, EL and EF2, respectively. According to the results, mineral contents, total chlorophyll and charantin contents of M. charantia were higher in the leaves (EL and DL) than the fruits. And, vitamin C content was the highest in the fruit (EF2 and EF3). Therefore, much more research needs to be undertaken to use of the leaves as well as fruits. The data showed that M. charantia can be considered a good source of nutrient for application in food system.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.594-602
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) as a rumen enhancer of dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibilities, ruminal ecology, microbial protein synthesis and rumimal methane production in Holstein crossbred bulls. Methods: Four animals, with an average live-weight of 200±20 kg were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design to investigate the influence of DFPP supplementation. There were four different dietary treatments: without DFPP, and with 200, 300, and 400 g/h/d, respectively. Results: Results revealed that dry matter consumption of total intake, rice straw and concentrate were not significantly different among treatments (p>0.05). It was also found that ruminal pH was not different among treatments (p>0.05), whilst protozoal group was reduced when DFPP increased (p<0.01). Blood urea nitrogen and NH3-N concentrations were increased at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.01). Additionally, volatile fatty acid production of propionate was significantly enhanced by the DFPP supplementation (p<0.05), while production of methane was consequently decreased (p<0.05). Furthermore, microbial protein synthesis and urinary purine derivatives were remarkably increased especially at 400 g of DFPP supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plant secondary compounds or phytonutrients (PTN) containing saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been reported to influence rumen fermentation. DFPP contains both CT and SP as a PTN. The addition of 400 g of DFPP resulted in improved rumen fermentation end-products especially propionate (C3) and microbial protein synthesis. Therefore, DFPP is a promising rumen enhancer and indicated a significant potential of DFPP as feedstuff for ruminant feed to mitigate rumen methane production.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.79-79
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• 2018

용과(Hylocereus undatus)는 멕시코 및 과태말라가 원산지이며 아열대 및 열대지역에서 재배되고 있으며 아시아는 베트남 타이완 중국 일본 등 국가에서 재배하고 있다. 가지에 열매가 있는 모습이 용이 여의주를 물고 있는 형과 닮았다하여 붙여진 이름이다. 지구온난화로 인한 기온상승으로 전남지역 재배에 적합한 대체 열대 및 아열대과수 개발이 필요하다. 용과는 열대과수 중 비교적 낮은 온도($10^{\circ}C$이상) 조건에서 재배 가능하여 남부지역에서 시설내 가온재배하고 있다. 국내 시설재배 중 문제점은 용과는 밤에 꽃을 피기 때문에 밤에 활동하는 매개곤충이 없어서 인공수분으로 수분문제를 해결해야한다. 인공수분의 한계시간과 수분할 경우 과실비대에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 인공수분 시간을 개화 1시간 이내, 4~5시, 11~12시 및 무 처리(방임)로 처리하였다. 개화시기는 1차 7월 13일, 2차 8월 8일, 3차 8월 26일로 3회에 걸쳐 개화가 이루어졌으며 이시기의 화분량는 4~5시가 0.68g, 11~12시 0.47g로 1시간 이내 0.16g보다 많았고 과실비대에서 1과중은 개화11~12시가 421g, 4~5시 400g, 1시간 이내가 377g으로 처리 간에 차이는 없었지만 무처리는 185g으로 처리구와 192~236g의 유의차가 있었다. 용과의 인공수분한계시간은 다음날 아침 7시(개화 11~12시)까지 인공수분 할 경우 정상적인 착과가 이루어졌으며 과실비대를 위해서 인공수분은 필수적으로 실시해야 한다.