• 제목/요약/키워드: downwelling

검색결과 37건 처리시간 0.019초

Effects of Upwelling/Downwelling on Suspended Particulate Matter Distributions over Shelf Mud Areas: Numerical Experiments

  • Gao, Shu;Jia, Jian-Jun
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.178-186
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    • 2002
  • The mud deposit located to the south of Cheju Island, the East China Sea, is characterized by an upwelling system or, on occasions, a combined upwelling-downwelling system. The water mass here is associated with relatively high suspended matter concentrations. In the present study, a vertical I-D model is used to undertake numerical experiments for evaluating the upwelling and downwelling effects on the suspended particulate matter distribution patterns within the water column. The results show that: (1) because the upwelling or downwelling velocity tends to be of the same order of magnitude as the settling velocity of suspended particles, a number of different patterns of suspended matter concentration distribution are possible, depending on the relative importance of the velocities; (2) the presence of upwelling can enhance the suspended particulate matter concentration; and (3) in an upwelling-downwelling system, maximum concentrations may or may not lie in the middle of the water column, depending on, once again, the interrelationships between the opwelling/downwelling velocities and the settling velocity. Hence, the physical processes associated with upwelling/downwelling appear to be relevant to the suspended material distribution over shelf mud areas.

The Physical Environments and Cochlodinium polykrikoides Bloom in the Sea near Naro-Do

  • Lee, Dong-Kyu;Kang, Yoon-Hyang
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.303-314
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    • 2003
  • The initiation of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooming in the South Sea of Korea occurs in the sea near Naro-Do in late August. In this paper, the relationships of this annual occurrence with the environmental conditions are presented. In early summer, the winds in the sea near Naro-Do are southwesterly and the upwelling occurs in the near-shore area. The favorable winds to the upwelling are relaxed in August and the downwelling favorable northeasterly winds set in around late August. The change of wind direction causes the onshore transport of warm-and-fresh off-shore water into the sea near Naro-Do and a front between near-shore water and off·shore water is formed. Along the front, downwelling occurs and the environmental conditions for the diatom become unfavorable. When the typhoon and storm bring well-mixed East China Sea water into the sea near Naro-Do in September, the conditions for the dinoflagellates become unfavorable and blooming of C. polykrikoides disappears.

Variations in the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficients in the northern South China Sea

  • Wang, Guifen;Cao, Wenxi;Yang, Dingtian;Xu, Dazhi
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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    • pp.905-908
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    • 2006
  • The diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance $(K_d({\lambda}))$ is an important parameter for ocean studies. Based on the optical profile data measured during three cruises in the northern South China Sea in autumn from 2003 to 2005, variations in the $K_d({\lambda})spectra$ were analyzed. The variability of $K_d({\lambda})$ shows much distinct features both in magnitude and spectra shape. The $K_d({\lambda})value$ are much higher in costal waters than that of open oceanic waters and the blue-to-green(443/555) ratios of $K_d({\lambda})$ tends to increases with the chlorophyll a concentration ([Chl a]) from open ocean to coastal waters. These characteristics can be explained primarily by the increasing of $a_{w+p}(433)/a_{w+p}(555)$ with [Chl a]. In the short waveband, the relation between $K_d({\lambda})-K_w({\lambda})$ and [Chl a] can be well described by a power law function, suggesting the large contribution of phytoplankton to the variations in $K_d({\lambda})$. As for the spectral model of the diffuse attenuation coefficient, there are good linear relationships between $K_d(490)$ and $K_d({\lambda})$ at other wavelengths, with the slope parameter and the intercept following linear functions within the spectral range $412{\sim}555$ nm. These variabilities of $K_d({\lambda})$ provided much useful information for us to study the bio-optical properties in the northern South China Sea.

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담수 확산에 미치는 바람과 해저 지형의 영향 (Wind and Bathymetry Effects on the Fresh Water Plume Structures)

  • 이정우;윤상린;오혜철
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제36권10호
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    • pp.698-703
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    • 2014
  • 강어귀의 기하학적 특징과 바람의 방향(upwelling, onshore, downwelling, and offshore winds)에 의한 담수 확산의 변화에 대하여 3차원 해양 순환 모델인 Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS)을 이용하여 연구하였다. 총 4개의 임의의 강어귀를 가정하였으며, 담수가 수심이 깊어지는 바다(sloping shelf)에 진입했을 경우가 편평한 바다(flat shelf)에 진입한 경우에 비해 빠른 x, y 운동량(momentum)의 상실과 상대적으로 강한 Coriolis 효과로 인하여 외해로의 담수 확산이 제한되는 것으로 연구되었다. 바람은 수직혼합을 촉진시켜 성층현상을 파괴한다는 기존 연구에 반해 약용승풍(mild upwelling winds)과 외해풍(offshore winds)의 경우(${\mid}{\tau}_{\omega}{\mid}=0.01Pa$) 성층현상을 촉진시키는 것으로 연구되었다. 이와는 반대로 침강풍(downwelling winds)과 연안풍(onshore winds)의 경우 기존 연구와 같이 성층을 파괴하는 것으로 연구되었다. 해저 물길(submarine channel)은 담수확산에 직접적인 영향을 주며 물길의 방향 또는 폭 등과 같은 해저 물길의 기하학적 특징에 의해 담수의 확산 정도가 달라지는 것으로 연구되었다. 또한 해저 물길은 담수 확산을 해저 물길의 상층부로 강하게 제한하는 것으로 연구되었다.

바람영향하의 River plume에 따른 부유물체 확산 및 이동 연구 (The study of moving and dissipation of floating mines due to wind forced river plume)

  • 백성호;박경주
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.295-298
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    • 2010
  • 본 논문에서는 강 하구 지역에 부유물체 유출시 물체의 이동과 확산 패턴을 파악하고자 plume의 생성과 변화, 외력에 대한 변동성을 연구하였다. 외력이 없는 경우 강수는 bulge와 alongshore current를 형성하며 연안을 따라 이동한다. Downwelling wind와 downcoast meanflow의 경우는 steady state와 동일한 패턴을 형성하나 수송은 강해져 연안을 따라 흐르는 물체의 이동과 확산속도가 증가할 것으로 예상된다. Upwelling wind가 부는 경우 Ekman transport에 의해 bulge가 연안으로부터 떨어져 45도 각도로 북서쪽으로 이동하는데 그 이동경로는 linear하며 바람의 세기로부터 독립적이다. 그리고 Bulge의 이동속도는 바람응력의 세기와 정비례한다. 따라서, 이 경우 부유물체의 upcoast로의 이동과 외해로의 확산이 예상된다.

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진동만의 빈산소수괴 형성기구 (Mechanism of Oxygen-Deficient Water Formation in Jindong Bay)

  • 김동선;김상우
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.177-186
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    • 2003
  • 하계 진동만 저층수의 저산소화에 미치는 성층 및 바람의 효과를 고려한 수평 및연직 유동성분의 영향을 조사하여 내만역에서의 빈산소수괴 형성기구를 밝혔다. 진동만에서 수온, 염분, 용존산소 및 풍향, 풍속은 1998년 3월부터 1999년 2월 사이에 조사하였다 저층수에서 5 이하의 낮은 용존산소농도가 5월에서 9월에 걸쳐 존재하였으며, 표층수의 고온·저염화에 따라 강한 약층이 형성되어 연직기울기는 매우 크게 나타난 하계(7∼8월)에 3 이하의 극히 낮은 용존산소농도가 출현하였다. 이와 같은 저농도의 용존산소는 특히 만 안쪽 정점에서 춘계(5∼6월)에도 관찰되었다. 또한, 하계(8∼9월)에 5 이하의 낮은 용존산소농도를 가지는 저층수가 약 4∼6 m 수층까지 표층쪽으로 부상하는 특징적인 현상이 나타났다 여름철 진동만에서 바람의 효과를 고려한 잔차류의 연직성분을 살펴보면, 이 지역에서 우세한 북풍이나 서풍계열의 바람에 의해서 만 바깥쪽을 하강류역이, 만 안쪽은 상승류역이 발생한다. 또한, 하강류역인 만 바깥쪽에서 만 안쪽으로 향하는 저층류가 발달하였는데, 이것은 표층으로부터 침강된 유기물질의 만 안쪽으로의 유입을 초래할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 한편 말 안쪽에서 나타나는 상승류의 존재가 만 안쪽에서 형성된 저층의 빈산소수를 표층 근처까지 부상하게 하는 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다.

영일만에서 고주파 레이더로 관측된 수렴(침강)과 수온변동 (High-frequency Radar Observations of Convergence (Downwelling) and Water Temperature Variations in Yeongil Bay)

  • 황보경;손영태;김형록;박지혜
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2023
  • 동해연안의 반폐쇄성 해역인 영일만에서 고주파해양레이더(HF-Radar)로 측정된 표층 해수유동 자료를 활용하여 1)바람과 수평적인 해수유동 사이의 상관성을 파악하고 2)수직적으로 조밀한 간격의 층별 수온시계열 자료와 연계하여 수평적 및 수직적 해수유동의 특성을 파악하였다. 시계열 관측기간 중 영일만 해역의 전역에 걸쳐 북동풍이 우세하게 나타났을 때 표층부터 저층까지 수온의 급격한 상승이 동반되었다. 또한 표층의 장주기 해수유동에서도 풍향과 유사한 방향의 흐름이 뚜렷하게 관측되었다. 바람과 표층 해류 사이의 지연상관 분석을 통해 영일만에 북동풍의 바람이 불기 시작하여 일정하게 지속된다면 짧은 시간(1 ~ 2시간) 내에 남서향의 표층 해류가 발생되는 것을 확인하였다. 일평균된 장주기 표층 해류로부터 수렴과 발산을 계산하였고 이를 통해 층별 관측지점에서 발생한 두 번의 급격한 저층수온 상승이벤트가 모두 영일만의 북동풍과 연관된 표층 해수(상대적 고온수)의 수렴(침강) 현상으로 인해 나타난 것으로 판단하였다.

용승을 고려한 인공해중산 최적배치 수치실험 (Numerical Upwelling Experiment for Optimum Arrangement of Artificial Seamount)

  • 김성현;김동선
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제20권8호
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    • pp.997-1009
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    • 2011
  • In order to estimate volume transport by upwelling for single artificial seamount, same shape and size of artificial seamount already deployed was applied to numerical experiment. The result showed that strong upwelling appeared at front while took place downwelling at rear. The strongest upwelling existed at the top of the artificial seamount. Volume transport by upwelling was computed as 785 m3/s. Column arrangement was applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 1) no clearance, case 2) sixty-five meters of clearance as half of artificial seamount's length, and case 3) hundred-thirty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's length. All cases of column arrangements showed more upwelling volume transport than that of single seamount. Particularly, the case of no clearance calculated as 106% and appeared the most upwelling effect comparing to two other cases. Row arrangement was also applied to two artificial seamount in three cases; case 4) no clearance, case 5) forty meters of clearance as an artificial seamount's width, and case 6) eighty meters of clearance as twice of artificial seamount's width. Upwelling volume transport in case 4 increased 48% than the case of single seamount. Other two cases of 5 and 6 were estimated as 97% increased and more effective than case 4. According to the case experiments, column arrangements show more upwelling volume transport than that of row arrangements. In cases of column arrangements, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect increases while showing maximum value at clearance zero. In cases of row arrangements, on the contrary, with decreasing clearance between two seamount, the effect decreases while showing minimum value at clearance zero. Since simple barotropic condition was considered for this study, further study is necessary by considering baroclinic condition to get close to reality. In conclusion, in deploying artificial seamount, optimal arrangement should be well designed to enhance primary and secondary productivity and to increase the diversity of species as well as reducing time and space.

Simulation of Sea Water Response in Deukryang Bay to Typhoon Using the Princeton Ocean Model

  • Hong, Chul-Hoon
    • Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 1998
  • The Princeton ocean model (POM) with free surface in sigma-coordinate, governed by primitive equations, is used to examine the response of sea water in Deukryang Bay to a typhoon. The model reproduces reasonably well the main features in the wind-driven dynamics due to passing of a typhoon. In response to the wind, the coastal jet develops and the upwelling(or downwelling) occurs dominantly in both sides of the bay. This result implies that there should be an overturn in the bay water with the passing of typhoons. Numerical results of POM are also compared to those of a depth-averaged model. From the comparison, it is postulated that the bottom drag coefficient conventionally used for the two-dimensional flow models is inadequate due to overestimation of the computed current field.

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Simulation of the Mixed Layer in the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool

  • Jang, Chan-Joo;Noh, Yign
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.135-146
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    • 2002
  • The upper ocean in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool during TOGA-COARE IMET IOP was simulated using a one-dimensional turbulence closure ocean mixed-layer model, which considered recent observations, such as the remarkable enhancement of turbulent kinetic energy near the ocean surface. The shoaling/deepening of the mixed layer and warming/cooling subsurface water in the model were in reasonable agreement with the observations. There was a significant improvement in simulating the cooling trend of the sea surface temperature under a westerly wind burst with heavy rainfall over previous simulations using bulk mixed-layer models. By contrast the simulated sea surface salinity (SSS) departed significantly from the observed SSS, especially during a westerly burst and the subsequent restratification period, which might be due to 3-D control processes, such as downwelling/upwelling or advection.