• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.86-89
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• 1996

심실중격 결손을 동반한 대 혈관전위 에서 심방교체술(denning Procedure)후에 동맥전환술로 성공적인 치료를 했기에 보고하는 바이다 15개월 남아는 생후 8개월에 심방교체술(Senning operation)을 받은 이후에 심부전의 악화로 입원하였다. 혈관조영술상 우심부전, 삼천판막 폐쇄부전 및 잔류 심실중격 결손이 있었고, 심도자 검사에서 폐동맥심실/(LV/RV) 압력비는 75185여서 Senning (심방교체술)을 해체하고, 심실중격 결손은 포편 (patch)봉합하였으며, 폐동맥 밴딩하지않고 동맥전환술을 시행하였다. 수술후 심실기능이 정상으로 회복되었고 잘지내고 있다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2007

This paper presents a direct-conversion CMOS transceiver for fully digital DS-UWB systems. The transceiver includes all of the radio building blocks, such as a T/R switch, a low noise amplifier, an I/Q demodulator, a low pass filter, a variable gain amplifier as a receiver, the same receiver blocks as a transmitter including a phase-locked loop (PLL), and a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). A single-ended-to-differential converter is implemented in the down-conversion mixer and a differential-to-single-ended converter is implemented in the driver amplifier stage. The chip is fabricated on a 9.0 $mm^2$ die using standard 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and a 64-pin MicroLead Frame package. Experimental results show the total current consumption is 143 mA including the PLL and VCO. The chip has a 3.5 dB receiver gain flatness at the 660 MHz bandwidth. These results indicate that the architecture and circuits are adaptable to the implementation of a wideband, low-power, and high-speed wireless personal area network.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.942-946
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• 2009

ISP와 JPEG 인코더 사이에는 라스터 스캔 순서의 데이터를 $8{\times}8$ 블록 스캔 순서로 변환하는 스캔 순서 변환기가 위치한다. 최근에 단일 라인 메모리를 사용함으로써, 하드웨어 규모를 감축한 스캔 순서 변환기가 제안되었으나 매 사이클마다 기입과 독출 동작을 수행함에 따라서 전체 전력 예산의 대부분을 SRAM이 소모하는 문제점을 야기했다. 본 논문에서는 SRAM에 대한 억세스 빈도를 술이기 위하여 데이터 packer와 unpacker를 스캔 순서 변환 과정에 삽입함으로써, SRAM에 대한 억세스 빈도를 1/8로 줄이는 구조를 제안한다. 실험결과, 제안한 구조를 적용할 경우 SXGA 해 상도에서의 SRAM 전력소모량을 16% 이하로 줄어든다.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2011

The application of time-domain methods in emission measurement instruments allows for a reduction in scan time by several orders of magnitude and for new evaluation methods to be realized such as the real-time spectrogram to characterize transient emissions. In this paper two novel systems for time-domain EMI measurements above 1 GHz are presented. The first system combines ultra-fast analog-to-digital-conversion and real-time digital signal processing on a field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) with ultra-broadband multi-stage down-conversion to enable measurements in the range from 10 Hz to 26 GHz with high sensitivity and full-compliance with the requirements of CISPR 16-1-1. The required IF bandwidths were added to allow for measurements according to MIL-461F and DO-160F. The second system realizes a system of time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and has an upper bandwidth limit of 4 GHz. With the implementation of an automatic mismatch calibration, the system fulfills CISPR 16-1-1 dynamic range requirements. Measurements of the radiated emissions of electronic consumer devices and household appliances like the non-stationary emissions of a microwave oven are presented. A measurement of a personal computer's conducted emissions on a power supply line according to DO-160F is given.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

This paper presents a wideband and low-noise direct conversion front-end receiver supporting VHF and UHFbands simultaneously. The receiver iscomposed of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a down conversion quadrature mixer, and a frequency divider by 2. The cascode configuration with the resistor feedback is exploited in the LNA to achieve a wide operating bandwidth. Four gainstep modesare employed using a switched resistor bank and a capacitor bank in the signal path to cope with wide dynamic input power range. The verticalbipolar junction transistors are used as the switching elements in the mixer to reduce 1/f noise corner frequency. The proposed front-end receiver fabricated in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology shows very low minimum noise figureof 1.8 dB and third order input intercept pointof -12dBm inthe high-gain mode of 26.5 dBmeasured at 500 MHz.The proposed receiverconsumeslow current of 20 mA from a 1.8 V power supply.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2019

This paper will read about a multichannel frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor with switching transmit (TX) antennas is developed at W-band. To achieve a high angular resolution, a uniform linear array consisting of 5 switching-TX and 12 receive (RX) antennas is employed with the digital beamforming technique. The overall radar front-end module comprises a W-band transceiver and TX/RX antennas. A multichannel transceiver module consists of 5 up-conversion and 12 down-conversion channels, where one of the TX channels is sequentially switched ON. For developing transmitter, we developed an HPA (high power amplified) MMIC chip for W-band radar system and fabricated a transmitter module using this chip. In order to develop the W-band transmitter, we analyzed the important antenna transition structure from HPA MMIC line to W/G (Waveguide)antenna via M/S(microstrip) and fabricated it with 5 transmission channels. As a result, the output power of the transmitter was within 1 dB of the error range after analysis and measurement under normal temperature and environmental conditions.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2023

Cold-start emissions are given great importance under the Euro-7 emission standard due to their significant impact on overall vehicle emissions. When an engine is started from a cold state, the combustion process is not yet optimized, leading to higher emissions. Hybrid vehicles, in particular, may face additional challenges, as their engine may remain inactive for extended periods, causing their catalysts to cool down and potentially become less effective in reducing emissions. In the present study, the performance of an electric heater was investigated as a means to enhance the catalyst heating during the start-up time. A simulation tool was utilized to develop a model for the gasoline exhaust aftertreatment system. The result indicates that the heater was able to increase the three-way catalyst temperature to 500℃ in 4 s using 20 kW power. In addition, the implementation of a secondary air supply resulted in reduced temperature overshoot and improved conversion efficiencies.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2005년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.575-578
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• 2005

We report on a low-cost V-band wireless transceiver with no use of any local oscillator in the receiver block using a self-heterodyne architecture. V-band Microwave monolithic IC (MMIC) modules were developed to demonstrate the wireless transceiver using coplanar waveguide (CPW) and GaAs PHEMT technologies. The MMIC modules such as the MMIC low noise amplifier (LNA), medium power amplifier (MPA) and the up/down-mixer were installed in the transceiver system. To interface the MMIC chips with the component modules for the transceiver system, CPW-to-waveguide fin-line transition modules of WR-15 type were designed and fabricated. The fabricated LNA modules showed a $S_{21}$ gain of 8.4 dB and a noise figure of 5.6 dB at 58 GHz. The MPA modules exhibited a gain of 6.9 dB and a $P_1$ $_{dB}$ of 5.4 dBm at 58 GHz. The conversion losses of the up-mixer and the down-mixer module were 14.3 dB at a LO power of 15 dBm, and 19.7 dB at a LO power of 0 dBm, respectively. From the measurement of V-band wireless transceiver, a conversion gain of 0.2 dB and a P $_{1dB}$ of 5.2 dBm were obtained in the transmitter block. The receiver block showed a conversion gain of 2.1 dB and a P $_{1dB}$ of -18.6 dBm. The wireless transceiver system demonstrated a successful data transfer within a distance of 5 meters.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.210-219
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• 2005

We report on a low-cost V-band wireless transceiver with no use of any local oscillator in the receiver block using a self-heterodyne architecture. V-band millimeter-wave monolithic IC (MMIC) modules were developed to demonstrate the wireless transceiver using coplanar waveguide (CPW) and GaAs PHEMT technologies. The MMIC modules such as the MMIC low noise amplifier (LNA), medium power amplifier (MPA) and the up/down-mixer were installed in the transceiver system. To interface the MMIC chips with the component modules for the transceiver system, CPW-to-waveguide fin-line transition modules of WR-15 type were designed and fabricated. The fabricated LNA modules showed a $S_{21}$ gain of 8.4 dB and a noise figure of 5.6 dB at 58 GHz. The MPA modules exhibited a gain of 6.9 dB and a $P_{1dB}$ of 5.4 dBm at 58 GHz. The conversion losses of the up-mixer and the down-mixer module were 14.3 dB at a LO power of 15 dBm, and 19.7 dB at a LO power of 0 dBm, respectively. From the measurement of V-band wireless transceiver, a conversion gain of 0.2 dB and a $P_{1dB}$ of 5.2 dBm were obtained in the transmitter block. The receiver block showed a conversion gain of 2.1 dB and a $P_{1dB}$ of -18.6 dBm. The wireless transceiver system demonstrated a successful data transfer within a distance of 5 meters.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.523-528
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• 2023

금속염 수용액과 고분자 매개체를 출발물질로 사용한 액상합성법으로 적색 파장을 방출하는 형광체를 합성하여, 태양전지 성능향상을 위한 소재로서의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. Ca, Zn, Al, Eu 등 금속의 질산염을 사용하여 수용액을 제조하고 이것을 식물성 고분자인 전분에 함침시킨 전구체를 소결하여 CaZnAlO:Eu 형광체 분말을 합성하였다. 합성한 CaZnAlO:Eu 형광체 분말의 표면구조 및 성분분석을 주사전자현미경(SEM)과 에너지분산형 X-선분광법(EDS)으로 분석하였다. PL측정 결과 650-780nm의 근적외선영역의 발광파장을 가지는 적색형광체가 성공적으로 합성되었다. XRD 분석결과 단일상을 가진 순수한 CZA:Eu³⁺ 형광체가 합성된 것을 확인하였다. SEM, EDS 분석 결과 합성한 Ca₁₄Zn₆Al_9.93O₃₅:Eu³⁺_0.07 형광체 분말의 입도가 균일하며, 부활제로 사용한 Eu 이온이 존재하고 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 합성된 CZA:Eu³⁺ 형광체는 자외선이나 가시광선을 근적외선영역의 파장으로 하향변환하여 태양전지의 광 흡수효율을 높일 수 있는 소재로 활용될 수 있다.