• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2002

Background: Scid.adh is a recently developed murine thymic lymphoma cell line, which has been used as in vitro model for the study of double negative stage III thymocytes. In this study, we compared the expression profile of a number of genes and proteins, which are tightly related to T cell development and apoptosis, in thymic lymphoma cell lines, R1.1, EL-4, and Scid.adh for the developmental staging. Methods: We examined the expression of development marker genes and proteins in three lymphoma cell lines by flow cytometry and RT-PCR. In addition, the expression of apoptosis-related molecules including bcl-2, bax and Fas was also investigated. Results: As previously reported, Scid.adh cell line expressed CD8 and CD25 but not TCR ${\alpha}$ chain, while R1.1 cells expressed TCR ${\alpha}$ chain and both CD4 and CD8 transcripts. These suggest that R1.1 might be in double positive stage, and low level of CD44 expression and the absence of CD25 support this suggestion. In contrast, EL-4 cells showed high level of TCR ${\alpha}$ chain transcript, and low-level of CD4 expression, suggesting that EL-4 is in more mature stage than R1.1. Further, this suggestion was supported by the lack of mT-20 in EL-4 cells, which is expressed in the immature thymocytes, and Scid.adh and R1.1 cell lines, but not in the terminally differentiated thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Among the apoptosis-related gene, transcripts of bcl-2 gene were detected in both R1.1 and EL-4 but not in Scid.adh cells, while bax was expressed in all cell lines. Fas expression was the highest in EL-4 cells and low in Scid.adh cell line. Conclusion: R1.1 cell may represent double positive stage, and EL-4 is more differentiated cell line. In addition, Scid.adh and EL-4 cell lines are suspected to be useful for the study of function of bcl-2 family and Fas during the thymocyte development, respectively.

• 한국인구학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.163-192
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• 2002

주거밀도는 개인 및 가구의 주거수준을 보여주는 중요한 질적 주거복지 지표다. 이러한 측면에서 주거밀도는 이민자들이 현지 사회로 동화 되어가는 정도를 간접적으로 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 1980년과 1990년의 PUMS(Public Use Microdata Sample)를 사용하여 미국 내의 주요 아시아 세 인종집단(한국인, 중국인, 일본인)의 과밀여부와 추이를 분석하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 1980년과 1990년 주거밀도의 나이효과와 이민효과를 분리하기 위하여 이중생잔모형(Double Cohort Method)을 사용하여 이민자들의 생애주기와 경제적 수준 변화에 따른 10년 동안의 주거밀도 변화추이를 밝혔다. 분석결과는 이민기간이 이민자들의 주거복지 수준에 가장 큰 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 이민기간이 10-20년인 1970년대 이민자는 1970년 이전 이민자보다 과밀가구에 살 확률이 높았고 1970년 이전 이민자는 미국출생자보다 높아 현지사회의 거주기간이 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있다 한국인은 이민초기에는 과밀가구에 살 확률이 크지만 거주기간이 증가하면서 그 확률이 급격히 감소하였다. 소득수준이 높을수록, 남자에 비해 여자가 과밀가구에 살 확률이 낮게 나타났다. 과밀가구에 살 확률이 높은 경우는 자가가구에 비해 차가가구, 미국출생자에 비해 1970년대 이민자, 그리고 15-24세 집단에 비해 35-44세 집단과 45-54세 집단이었다. 주거밀도라는 측면에서 분석한 미국내 한국인의 주거복지 변천 과정은 중국인과는 비슷한 수준의 변화론 경험하고 있지만 일본인보다는 낮은 수준의 상향 이동을 경험하고 있었다. 이것은 이민 당시의 국력수준의 차이에 따른 개인의 재산축적 정도, 현지 사회에서 사용 가능한 인적자원의 차이, 그리고 미국사회 동화에 대한 문화적 차이 등이 복합적으로 작용하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are very harmful to living organisms due to the potential oxidation of membrane lipids, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates. transformed E.coli strain QC 871, superoxide dismutase (SOD) double-mutant, with three sequence variant MnSOD1, MnSOD2, and MnSOD3 manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene isolated from wheat. Although all QC 871 transformants grown at $37^{\circ}C$ expressed mRNA of MnSOD variants, only MnSOD2 transformant had functional SOD activity. MnSOD3 expressed active protein when grown at $22^{\circ}C$, however, MnSOD1 did not express functional protein at any growing and induction conditions. The sequence comparison of the wheat MnSOD variants revealed that the only amino acid difference between the sequence MnSOD2 and sequences MnSOD1 and 3 is phenylalanine/serine at position 58 amino acid. We made MnSOD2S58F gene, which was made by altering the phenylalaine to serine at position 58 in MnSOD2. The expressed MnSOD2S58F protein had functional SOD activity, even at higher levels than the original MnSOD2 at all observed temperatures. These data suggest that amino acid variation can result in highly active forms of MnSOD and the MnSOD2S58F gene can be an ideal target used for transforming crops to increase tolerance to environmental stresses.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.59-78
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• 2016

This reach is to comprehend the trend of father-related studies in Korea. The result of analyzing 161 father related thesis published from first issue until 2015.12 issue on 9 journals came out as below. First, father-thesis have increased. But the proportion of it remains for only 1~2% out of total 9 academic journals. Also the increased amount is very small considering the increasing rate of mother-thesis. In other words, the increased number of father-thesis is due to increased number of total amount of academic journals, which cannot be interpreted as the academic interest about fathering has grown. Second, almost of father-thesis were the empirical research and quantitative approach took the most part. Also father-thesis focus on 'what father's role is' and 'how much he does it'. Due to generalization of double-income family and an increase of interest about fathering, operational definition and a measurement issue is growing. Third, the topic of research which handles influence of father to child ranges from social relationship to social and emotional development. Also an interest of awarness development is growing. Meanwhile, research of father's influence to child development depends on cross-sectional data. Only few used vertical material.

• 셀메드
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.3
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• 2018

The aim of this article is to argue that rhythm of janggu may have meaningful effects as a form of vitality for the elderly. Janggu is the most popular and soft pitched instrument in the percussion family in Korean music. It is warm and soft makes very deep and exquisite sounds. Janggu is a source of Korean national pride because of unique, manifestation of yin-yang five-elements represented in Korean music. The meaning and influence of rhythm in human is in essence and natural. This style paper is a course of happy life and a basic step toward in the world. Music therapy has been employed as a therapeutic intervention to facilitate healing across a many of clinical populations. A cheerful rhythm of janggu promotes the vitality of the elderly. This joining has contributed to the vitality, health improvement and the whole body for the elderly. Instead of visiting hospital, they sit in front of the janggu what could be better than a daily dose of exercise. Therefore, the author thinks this might help them forget their anxieties, this very moment, janggu music rhythm therapy lays the foundation of a more vital lifestyle.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.914-923
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• 2007

Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to identify the common, lived experiences of grandmothers who cared for their grandchildren as the primary caregivers. Methods: This study was based on the phenomenological method described by Colaizzi (1978). Results: Seven theme clusters emerged from the data as follows: "grandmother caregivers accept the parenting role of the incessant responsibilities and the distrust of non-kin caregivers.", "grandmother caregivers have a double maternal roles; an instrument-oriented maternal role to their own child and relationship-oriented maternal role to their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers are partially authorized to make decisions in the matters of their grandchild.", "grandmother caregivers suffer a deterioration in their health by an acceleration of the aging process.", "caregiving causes grandmother caregivers to feel a sense of social isolation, and persue various coping strategies to control this feeling.", "grandmother caregivers have a greater feeling of self-esteem, but they often conflict with their adult children if they don't feel appreciated by them.", "grandmother caregivers have limited social support and their health issues are often overlooked in the family context.' Conclusion: The results of this study can guide nurses and health care workers to understand the experiences of grandmother caregivers and to implement individualized nursing interventions suited for them.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.866-886
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern and the meaning of textiles, and decorative techniques of ikat weaving and dyeing in Indonesia. The textile design also analyzes by examining the method of ikat techniques such as warp ikat, weft ikat and double ikat, and by classifying the style of regions. The most common motifs are geometric designs of spirals, meanders, straight lines, triangles, and circles which are influenced by outside world. Although these motifs or symbols have been evident since prehistoric times, their design and meaning have been continually reinterpreted as changes in the ceremonies and rituals. While motifs such as reptiles, birds, and human figures, depicted in spiral, hooked and rhomb configurations, have been identified among the most resilient features of Indonesian textile design, new meanings have been added to these ancient forms, and designs have been transformed and reinterpreted to suit local conceptions. Since textiles are a visual expression of Indcufsian life, textiles place the individual symbolically within social milieu, identifying rank, family, locality and religious affiliations. Textiles represent a link between the human and the spiritual realm, and a vehicle for the display of sacred and secular potency Ikat textiles play to embody special transforming powers and sacred mediating qualities, providing protection and evoking life-enriching forces for individuals or social group.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.539-542
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• 2007

Glycosyltransferase family 1 (UOT) uses small chemicals including phenolics, antibiotics, and alkaloids as substrates to have an influence in biological activities. A glycosyltransferase (XcGT-2) from Xanthomonas campestris was cloned and consisted of a 1,257 bp open reading frame encoding a 45.5 kDa protein. In order to use this for the modification of phenolic compounds, XcGT-2 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. With the E. coli transformant expressing XcGT-2, biotransformation of flavonoids was carried out. Flavonoids having a double bond between carbons 2 and 3, and hydroxyl groups at both C-3' and C-4', were glycosylated and the glycosylation position was determined to be at the hydroxyl group of C-3', using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These results showed that XcGT-2 regiospecifically transferred a glucose molecule to the 3'-hydroxyl group of flavonoids containing both 3' and 4'-hydroxyl groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.827-831
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• 2007

Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$ super-family. It acts as a negative regulator for skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin mutations are characterized by a visible, generalized increase in muscle mass in double muscled cattle breeds. To understand the biochemistry and physiology of the Chinese Yellow bovine myostatin gene, we report here for the first time expression of the gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Primers of the myostatin gene of Chinese Yellow Cattle were designed on the basis of the reported bovine myostatin mRNA sequence (Gen-Bank Accession No. NM005259) and optimized for E. coli codon usage. XhoI and EcoRI restriction enzyme sites were incorporated in the primers, and then cloning vector and expression vector were constructed in a different host bacterium. The expressed protein had a molecule mass of about 16 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The expressed protein reacted specifically with myostatin monoclonal antibody on immunoblots. Our studies should lead to the investigation of the differences in myostatin genes of various cattle and could benefit human health and food animal agriculture.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a member of the Avibirnavirus genus of the Birnaviridae family which genome consists of two segments (A and B) of double stranded RNA. Segment A gene of KNU08010 isolate, which was isolated from a 15-day-old chicken flock in 2008, was sequenced and compared with other IBDV isolates including SH/92 strain, the first Korean very virulent (vv) IBDV isolate. The amino acid sequences of segment A gene showed that KNU08010 had 99.2% homology with SH92 strain. KNU08010 isolate had specific amino acids A222, I242, I256, I294 and S299 which are highly conserved among vvIBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of variable region of the VP2 gene of 18 IBDV strains revealed that KNU08010 was grouped with vvIBDVs and was closely related to Korean vvIBDVs isolated from wild birds.