• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

이 연구는 산성광산배수(AMD, Acid Mine Drainage)를 대상으로 트리폴리인산나트륨의 적용을 평가한다. 경북에 위치한 문경 석탄탄광으로부터 발생한 AMD와 트리폴리인산나트륨의 회분식 반응실험에서 얻어진 결과에 근거하면, AMD를 처리하기 위한 트리폴리인산나트륨의 최적주입량은 $4.7{\times}10^{-3}mole$이었다. $Ca^{2+}$의 경우 농도가 $16.4mg/{\ell}$에서 처리 후 $5.6mg/{\ell}$로 감소하여 제거율은 65.9%이고, $Fe^{3+}$의 경우 농도가 $3.7mg/{\ell}$에서 처리 후 $0.02mg/{\ell}$로 감소하여 제거율은 99.5%이다. 그러나 $SO{_4}^{2-}$의 경우 농도가 $526.8mg/{\ell}$에서 $566.5mg/{\ell}$ 범위로 증가나 감소경향이 나타나지 않았다. 트리폴리인산나트륨을 사용한 결과, AMD 내 $Na^+$의 농도는 $549.8mg/{\ell}{\sim}599.3mg/{\ell}$이고 정인산염은 $6.82mg/{\ell}{\sim}7.60mg/{\ell}$였다. 트리폴리인산나트륨과 AMD의 반응에서 발생한 침전물을 SEM, XRF, XRD로 분석한 결과 침전물의 형태는 인회석${\gg}{\beta}$-인산삼칼슘>산화철$(Fe(OH)_3)$인 것으로 판단된다. 결과적으로 트리폴리인산염의 사용은 AMD에서 $Fe^{3+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ 제거와 pH 완충에 있어서 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1657-1667
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• 2010

Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are dietary supplements that inhibit gastrointestinal infection and provide optimally regulated microbial environments in the digestive tract. As the use of antibiotics in ruminant feeds has been banned, DFM have been emphasized as antimicrobial replacements. Microorganisms that are used in DFM for ruminants may be classified as lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB), lactic acid utilizing bacteria (LUB), or other microorganisms including species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Propionibacterium, strains of Megasphaera elsdenii and Prevotella bryantii and yeast products containing Saccharomyces and Aspergillus. LAB may have beneficial effects in the intestinal tract and rumen. Both LAB and LUB potentially moderate rumen conditions and improve feed efficiency. Yeast DFM may reduce harmful oxygen, prevent excess lactate production, increase feed digestibility, and improve fermentation in the rumen. DFM may also compete with and inhibit the growth of pathogens, stimulate immune function, and modulate microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract. LAB may regulate the incidence of diarrhea, and improve weight gain and feed efficiency. LUB improved weight gain in calves. DFM has been reported to improve dry matter intake, milk yield, fat corrected milk yield and milk fat content in mature animals. However, contradictory reports about the effects of DFM, dosages, feeding times and frequencies, strains of DFM, and effects on different animal conditions are available. Cultivation and preparation of ready-to-use strict anaerobes as DFM may be cost-prohibitive, and dosing methods, such as drenching, that are required for anaerobic DFM are unlikely to be acceptable as general on-farm practice. Aero-tolerant rumen microorganisms are limited to only few species, although the potential isolation and utilization of aero-tolerant ruminal strains as DFM has been reported. Spore forming bacteria are characterized by convenience of preparation and effectiveness of DFM delivery to target organs and therefore have been proposed as DFM strains. Recent studies have supported the positive effects of DFM on ruminant performance.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5681-5686
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• 2015

Background: Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth in deaths caused by cancers throughout the world. Gemcitabine chemotherapy is the primary method of treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, and in asco2014, it is still firstline chemotherapy. Howeve,r gemcitabine+fluorouracil regimens are also licensed and widely used worldwide. Clinical trials are the best way to evaluate drug efficacy. In this study, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether gemcitabine+fluoropyrimidine combination therapy improves the prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer compared with gemcitabine treatment alone. Materials and Methods: A quantitative up-to-date meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of gemcitabine-based combination treatment compared with gemcitabine monotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Inclusion was limited to high-quality randomized clinical trials. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the present analysis, with a total of 3,038 patients recruited. The studies were divided into three subgroups including 5-FU / CAP / S-1 combined with gemcitabine. For the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS), gemcitabine-based combination therapy demonstrated significantly better outcome (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95) than gemcitabine monotherapy. The analysis of progression free survival (PFS) also provided a significant result for the combined therapy in a total of 8 trials (2,130 patients) (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86). With subgroup analysis according to the method of dosing delivery, we found that in the injection group with 3 trials (889 patients), a negative result was found (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77-1.12); while a positive result was observed in the oral group with 9 trials (2,149 patients) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). Conclusions: Gemcitabine combination therapy provides a modest improvement of survival, but is associated with more toxicity compared with gemcitabine monotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.803-807
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• 2012

For patients with neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma, it is difficult to control lymph node metastases with conventional dose therapy. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of simplified intensity-modulated radiotherapy (sIMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for 44 patients and boosted high-dose to metastatic lymph nodes. Three radiation treatment volumes were defined: PGTVnd, with which 68.1Gy was delivered in high dose group (hsIMRT group), and 60Gy in the conventional dose group (csIMRT group); PTV1, featuring 63.9Gy in the hsIMRT group and 60Gy in the csIMRT group; PTV2, with 54Gy given to both groups. The sIMRT plan included 5 equi-angular coplanar beams. All patients received the cisplatin and 5-FU regimen concurrently with radiotherapy. The treatment was completed within six weeks and one case with grade three acute bronchitis was observed in hsIMRT group. For esophageal lesions, 80% complete response (CR) and 20% partial response (PR) rates were found in the hsIMRT group, and 79.2% CR, with 20.8% PR, in the csIMRT group; for lymph node lesions, 75% CR and 25% PR rates were observed in the hsIMRT group, with 45.8% and 37.5% respectively in the csIMRT group (P<0.05). The differences in 1-, 2- and 3-year relapse-free survival rates were all statistically significant (P<0.05). The major toxicity observed in both groups was Grade I~II leucopenia. sIMRT can generate a desirable dose distribution in treatment of neck and upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma with a better short-term efficacy. Boosted high dosing to metastatic lymph nodes can increase the relapse-free survival rate.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.20.1-20.18
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• 2020

Background: Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, is an economically important aquaculture species in Korea. Olive flounders have been heavily damaged by streptococcal infections every year and are treated with antibiotics. However, antibiotic abuse is causing the emergence of resistant strains, and to overcome this, research has shown that new antibiotics must be applied. Tylosin is a relatively safe antibiotic and has good activity against Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma. We studied the therapeutic effects and side effects of tylosin on Streptococcus parauberis-infected olive flounder. Methods: After artificial infection of olive flounder with S. parauberis SPOF18J3, an appropriate dose of tylosin was confirmed by intramuscular injection (I.M.) at 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, and oral administration at 10 and 20 mg/kg. After I.M. and oral administration dosing of tylosin, side effects were confirmed by serological analysis, histopathological analysis, and median lethal dose (LD₅₀) analysis at both an appropriate concentration and a high concentration. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: The appropriate I.M. and oral administration concentration of tylosin administered to olive flounder infected with S. parauberis SPOF18J3 was found to be 10 mg/kg. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were showed not significantly different between the control group and the experimental groups. The histopathologic results showed mild inflammatory responses in muscle and tubular vacuolization and tubular atrophy appeared, but there were no significant differences between the groups. The LD₅₀ was confirmed to be 461 mg/kg. Conclusion: In this study, an effective treatment method was provided by verifying the treatment effects and side effects of tylosin in olive flounder infected with S. parauberis, which can be applied directly to aquaculture sites. In addition, these results may be used as a reference for evaluation required upon request to obtain approval for tylosin antibiotics as fishery antibiotics in Korea. After approval, it is possible that a fishery disease manager will be able to prescribe and sell the antibiotic tylosin.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2007

본 연구에서는, 안산정수장에 구축된 수도시설 운영정보화 시스템에 의한 처리수질개선 등 정수장 효율개선효과를 평가하였다. 분석기간 동안의 안산정수장 생활용수 유입유량은 운영정보화 시스템이 구축되기 전인 2004년도보다 구축 후인 2005년도가 약 15.6% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 원수의 평균탁도는 2005년 12.37 NTU, 2004년 12.06 NTU로 비슷한 값을 나타내었으나, 연평균 응집제의 주입농도는 2005년도가 12.06 mg/L으로 2004년(10.31 mg/L)보다 다소 높은 것으로 나타났고, 정수탁도는 약간 개선된 처리효율을 나타내었다. 원수의 $COD_{Mn}$ 및 BOD 등의 분석결과, 2004년보다 2005년의 원수수질이 개선된 것으로 판단할 수 있었다. 정수의 $KMnO_4$ 소비량은 2004년(2.95 mg/L)보다 2005년은 1.25 mg/L로써 그 양이 줄어들었고, THMs의 농도도 2004년(0.038 mg/L)보다 2005년 0.025 mg/L로써 다소 개선되었다. 본 연구결과, 약품주입 등 정수장 운영은 운영 정보화 시스템의 구축에 의해 보다 최적의 상태를 도모할 수 있으며, 이에 따라 수질개선효과도 있음을 판단할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.493-499
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• 2008

본 연구는 가정 옥내급수관에 적수 및 탁수 등을 유발하고 철, 구리 등 중금속이 용출될 수 있는 부식 문제 해결을 위해 인산염계 부식억제제를 주입하는 회분식 실험을 통해 옥내급수관으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 아연도 강관의 표면 도금이 벗겨진 상태인 탄소강관을 대상으로 주요 수질인자의 변화, 철의 용출농도 변화, 부식도 및 부착도 평가, 시편의 상태를 고찰하였다. 탄소강관에서 부식억제제를 주입하였을때 pH, 전기전도도, 알칼리도, Ca-경도 등의 부식성 수질인자는 약간의 변화가 있었으나, 큰 영향은 없었다. 탁도의 경우 부식억제제를 5 mg $P_2O_5/L$ 주입시 주입하지 않은 것에 비해 약 10배정도 낮게 나타나 부식억제제가 탁도 유발 억제에 큰 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 부식억제제의 주입농도가 5 mg $P_2O_5/L$일 때까지는 부식억제제 농도가 증가함에 따라 철(Fe) 용출농도와 부식도가 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 부식억제제 5 mg $P_2O_5/L$ 주입시 급격히 감소하여 부식억제제를 주입하지 않은 경우보다 각각 약 12.2배, 약 24배의 저감 효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 인산염계 부식억제제 약 5 mg $P_2O_5/L$ 주입은 옥내 급수관 내부 표면에 치밀한 방식 피막을 형성하여 부식제어에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.217-233
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• 1992

This study was performed to determine the toxic effects of graded dose levels of SKI 2053R after repeated administration. Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats(10M and 10F per group) were given a total of 25 i.v. injections of SKI 2053R (1.50,3.75,9.38mg/kg/day). In order to compare the toxic effects of SKI 2053R with those of cisplatin, one group of Sprague-Dawley rats (10M and 10F per group) were given a total of 25 i.v.injections of cisplatin (1.70mg/kg/day). The dosing schedule was divided into five courses of 5 consecutive days with 16-day dose-free intervals between each course. No drug-related toxicity occurred in low dose level group (1.50mg/kg/day) of SKI2053R. From the results of hematological examination, peripheral WBC counts, RBC counts and hemoglobin of high dose level group(9.38mg/kg/day)of SKI 2053R were significantly lower than those of no-treated group. Other toxicities including reduced final body weight, proteinuria and hematuria were observed in high dose level group of SKI 2053R. But, no change was detected in serum biochemical values of SKI 2053R treated groups. All of the rats in cisplatin treated group were died between 3 and 13 weeks, while rats treated with SKI2053R survived to the end except one rat of middle dose level group(3.75mg/kg/day). In histopathological examinations, rats that received cisplatin manifested severe tubular damage in kidney and hemosiderosis in spleen, but no critical pathological lesion was observed in rats of other groups. Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that non-toxic dose of SKI 2053R in this treatment schedule was estimated to be 3.75 mg/kg/day and the maximum tolerated dose was to be higher than 9.38mg/kg/day. The toxic profiles fo SKI 2053R were different from those of cisplatin, and its toxicity was considerably lower than that of cisplatin.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.235-253
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• 1992

A subacute toxicity study of cis-Malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II)(SKI 2053R) was carried out to obtain information on its toxicological profiles, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose in beagle dogs. Four groups of beagle dogs (2M and 2F per group, 0,0.5,1.0,2.0mg/kg/day)were given 15 i.v. injections of SKI 2053R. In order to compare the toxic effects of SKI 2053R with those of cisplatin, one group was treated with cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)according to the same treatment schedule. The dosing schedule was divided into 3 courses of 5 consecutive days with 23-day dose-free intervals between each course. After completion of the treatments, remaining dogs were necropsied under established guidelines. Three of four dogs in the high dose group and one of four dogs in the middle dose group treated with SKI 2053R died of hypovolemic shock secondary to hemorrhagic and ulcerative enterocolitis. No toxicity-related mortality occurred in the low dose group of SKI 2053R. No survivor was observed in the group of cisplatin. Clinical signs including vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and loss body weight were apparent in dogs given either cisplatin or high and middle doses of SKI 2053R. Severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytopenia were observed in the high dose group of SKI 2053R and cisplatin-treatment group, while toxicities as bone marrow suppression were reversible. The significant elevation of serum ALP values in group of SKI 2053R(2.0 mg/kg/day and 1.0mg/kg/day) and cisplatin(0.7mg/kg/day)was observed. Slight proteinuria waa observed in high and middle dose level groups of SKI 2053R. In histopathological examinations, pathological alterations of liver, kidney and spleen were noted dose-dependantly in dogs treated with SKI 2053R, and there was no overt sign of toxicity in low dose group of SKI 2053R. Compared to SKI 2053R, more severe durg-related toxicities occurred in dogs treated with cisplatin. It waw estimated that maximum tolerated dose of SKI 2053R in this treatment schedule was 0.5~0.7mg/kg/day. In conclusion, overall toxic potential of SKI 2053R was approximately 3 times lower than that of cisplatin with respect of lethality.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2012

Ethanol exposure during gestational period is related to growth retardation, morphological abnormality, and even in neurological abnormalities including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviors on offspring. However, relatively little is known about the effects of maternal ethanol consumption prior to conception on their offspring. In this study, we investigated whether maternal ethanol administration during preconceptional phase produces ADHD-like behaviors in the rat offspring. Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were administrated ethanol via intragastric intubation with dosing regimen of 6 g/kg daily for 10 consecutive days and treated female rats then mated with non-treated male SD rats after 8 weeks. Another group subjected to the same procedure as those conducted on ethanol treated group except the saline administration instead of ethanol. Offspring was tested for their ADHD-like behaviors using open field test, Y maze test and impulsivity test that is performed in the aversive electronic foot shock paradigm. Offspring of preconceptional ethanol treated (EtOH) group showed hyperlocomotive activity, attention deficit and impulsivity. And reduction of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) level was observed by Western blot in the EtOH group, compared to control (Con) group, while the immunohistochemical analysis exhibited increased expression of norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the frontal cortex. These results suggest that maternal ethanol consumption in the preconceptional phase induces ADHD-like behaviors in offspring that might be related to the abnormal expression of DAT and NET in rat.