• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.58-66
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• 2003

The cut tree approach of Montreuil and Ratliff [16] and eigenvector approach [10] are used to automatically draw a feasible facility layout with aisle structure. The department arrangement can minimize an aisle distance criterion considering door locations and dimension constraints. The aisle distance is measured by the door to door distance between departments. An eigenvector and cut tree approaches [1] are implemented based on the branch and bound technique in Kim et al. [2] in order to obtain feasible layouts. Then, the algorithm to fix the door location of each department is developed. After the door locations are determined, the factory layout is evaluated in terms of aisle distance. The aisle structure is obtained by expanding the original layout. The solution is kept until we will find better factory layout. The proposed approach based on the branch and bound technique, in theory, will provide the optimal solution. If the runs are time and/or node limited, the proposed method is a strong heuristic. The technique is made further practical by the fact that the solution is constrained such that the rectangular shape dimensions length(l) and width(w) are fixed and a perfect fit is generated if a fit is possible.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.72-75
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• 2005

Recently, as the global warming by fossil fuels become social issues. the interest of renewable energy producing system is increasing rapidly. Among these, wind turbines are most highlighted because of its economic competitiveness. The tower occupying about $20\%$ of overall turbine costs, is one of the main components of wind turbine. Tower access door located to base part of the tower, is used to enter the tower. This is the main structural weak point because of door hole, weldment, etc. In this study, by FEM, we retrieved the maximum van Mises stress at door location and carried out fatigue analysis using stresses at weld toe locations of tower access door part.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Another objective was to confirm the general working patterns of door-to-door deliverers via survey. Methods: In the city of Daegu, ten door-to-door deliverers who wished to join the study were recruited. The general working characteristics of door-to-door deliverers were surveyed using self-reported questionnaires. In the cabin of each car driven by a deliverer, a real-time PM2.5 sampler (Sidepak, Model AM510, TSI Inc., MN, USA) and a GPS device (GPS 741, Ascen, Korea) were installed. Each deliverer was monitored for four days per week so that each day could be monitored at least four times. Results: A total of 40 measurements of PM2.5 concentrations were taken during delivery of parcels. The average exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers to PM2.5 was $44.62{\mu}g/m^3$ ($7-9443{\mu}g/m^3$. Exposure levels to PM2.5 according to the day of the week and coverage areas were not significantly different (p>0.05). Door-to-door deliverers using trucks with older diesel engines manufactured before 2006 had significantly higher exposure levels to PM2.5 than in the case of trucks with diesel engines manufactured after 2006 (p<0.05). Many of the door-to-door deliverers reported the status of having windows open during the delivery task. During delivery services, the working hours spent in residential areas were higher than on roadsides, but exposure levels to PM2.5 in residential areas and on roadsides were $46.17{\mu}g/m^3$ and $49.90{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Real-time PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly different between roadways and residential areas (p<0.001). Conclusions: PM2.5 exposure levels of door-to-door deliverers were found to be affected by higher vehicle emissions from the roadsides near their vehicle during deliveries and while driving to other locations compared to by PM2.5 from the diesel engines of their own trucks. Particle concentrations from roadsides and emissions from nearby vehicles through open windows were the main source of PM2.5.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2014

Though the Platform Screen Door System (PSD) has received a positive evaluation and is installed in all the Urban Railroad platforms, PSD is not installed in the Intercity Railroad platforms. The limitation of PSD in the Intercity Railroad platforms is due to the fact that first, various types of trains such as KTX, Saemaeul, Mugunghwa, and Nuriro stop at the platforms and their locations of the doors are different and secondly, they are not operated under ATO (automatic train operation). RPSD system currently under research and development, on the other hand, is based on the improved door that slides up and down and can be installed in any Intercity Railroad platform regardless of the length of the train, the location of doors, and the number of doors. This study considers the mechanism of RPSD, develops a manual open/close algorithm, and evaluates the function of RPSD. The results show that the manual open/close algorithm achieves a significant improvement in efficiency when provided with power supply.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of openings installed on the partition wall between Daechung and Bang, through the case study on MyungRyunDangs of 19 HangGyos in Kyungbuk province. The way to carry out this study was to look through existing situations and to find out transformed traces of the openings in terms of their locations on several floor types. The transformation of the openings was analyzed chronologically into two cases of 'before 18C' and 'after 18C'. i) Before 18C ; the early type had double swing window on the front column spacing and single swing door on the rear, and the later type had swing door on the front column spacing and on openings on the rear. ii) After 18C; the earlist type was the same as the later type of 'before 18C', the next type had swing doors on both the front and the rear column spacing, and the last type had Sabunhap-swing door on the column spacing, iii) Through those transformations, the windows gradually replaced by the doors in the openings.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.170-175
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• 2001

Fire inside light railway transit(LRT) was simulated for various fire scenarios using CFD analysis in order to assess the safety of passengers. Considered in the present paper are the effects of locations of fire, a fire size, an operation of ventilation system and an opening time of door on evolution of temperature and smoke concentration inside the LRT. For fire simulation, fire cells releasing heat and smoke corresponding to fire size were positioned at the location of fire. From the results, it is seen that the ventilation system and the opening time of door were the most important factors on temperature and smoke concentration inside the LRT

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

According to the results of analyzing the space composition by focusing on the impediment persons latrines among the public latrines, the conclusions of this study are as follows. In order to eliminate the rejection feeling which the word feeling of impediment persons' latrine communicates, its name should be changed into the impediment persons latrine. Thus, the impediment persons, the old and the weak, the pregnant women and the nursing mothers, who suffer the difficulty to use the general latrines, should use such impediment persons latrines jointly. By lowering the height from the ground to the latrine floor, the impediment persons, who use their wheel chairs, should gain the easy access to such impediment persons latrines. By equipping the doorway of public latrines and impediment persons latrines with the automatic door instead of the sliding door, the impediment persons should use such latrines conveniently. The locations and sizes of impediment persons latrines differ with one another. Therefore, it is necessary to unite constantly their location, scale, and facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1072-1076
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• 2004

In automotive industry, all passenger vehicles are treated with damping materials to reduce structure borne noise. The effectiveness of damping treatments depends upon design parameters such as choice of damping materials. locations and size of the treatment. Generally, the CAE method uses modal strain-energy information of the bare structural panels to identify flexible regions, which in turn facilitates optimization of damping treatments with respect to location and size. This paper proposes a design of the damping material with a CAE(Computer Aided Engineering) methodology based on finite element analysis and DOE(Design Of Experiments) to optimize damping treatments.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-13
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• 2009

In this study, a framework for web-based information system in VDN environment for safety and health monitoring in subway stations is suggested. Since physical variables that describing safety and health need to be closely monitored in multiple locations in subway stations, concept of distributed monitoring network using wireless media needs to be implemented. Connecting remote wireless sensor network and device (LonWorks) networks to the IP network based on the concept of VDN can provide a powerful, integrated and distributed monitoring performance, making a web-based information system possible.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.373-380
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• 2023

This study surveyed and compared the temperature distribution in domestic refrigerators and freezers used in Korea to determine whether temperature varied according to the location of food storage. We selected 50 people to collect temperature data; among them, 25 measured the temperature of refrigerators, while the remaining measured the temperature of freezers. Consequently, the lowest and highest temperatures measured in domestic refrigerators were found to be -8.2℃ and 15.8℃, respectively, with an average temperature of 3.73℃. The temperature distribution based on internal location was: 5.06±1.69℃ for the door storage compartment, 4.18±1.19℃ for the inside wall surface, and 3.41±1.36℃ for the inner storage box. Significant temperature differences between the top and bottom were only identified at the door storage compartment (P<0.01). Further, the minimum and maximum temperatures measured in the freezer was -30.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with an average temperature of -17.95℃. The temperature distribution based on location was: -17.19±1.68℃ for the door storage compartment, -17.81±1.07℃ for the inside wall surface, and -18.78±1.72℃ for the inside storage box. The results were similar to that of the refrigerator, with the lowest temperature in the inside storage box, and a significant temperature difference between the top and bottom noted only at the door (P<0.01). The maximum temperature difference (between locations) within the refrigerator and freezer was found to be 2.18 and 2.02℃, respectively. In conclusion, the temperature in the entire space was not constant; there were significant deviations at different storage locations. Therefore, public authorities should actively advise customers on the recommended storage locations for each food type. People will benefit from awareness about storage management, including avoiding storage of temperature-sensitive foods in door compartment.