• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to survey and analyze convenience of the disabled people to use the facilities in accommodations. The data used in this research has been obtained in the southern sea of Korea. According to the survey, it was very difficult for the disabled people with a wheel chair to access to the room because of the staircase, doorsill and the narrowed passage. Also, there was no the grab bar, braille blocks and exclusive elevators for the disabled. Moreover, it was not easy for them to access to the bedroom since there was a doorsill and a serious height difference between the lobby and the bedroom. It was shown that the disabled People also have a difficulty in using the toilet and the bathroom, because the width of door and floor height was not suitable for the design criteria. In the toilet, there was no handle on a chamber pot for the disabled people to hold, and the space was not enough for them to access to the pot and turn with a wheel chair.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that make the bathroom experience an inconvenient one for stroke patients, including the use of basic materials to provide an effective and individualized bathroom environment. Method: The survey was conducted from May 20 to June 20, 2014 on 81 stroke patients. The questionnaire is composed of the following: general factors of respondents, degree of inconvenience of general bathroom usage, and inconvenient factors. The questions on inconvenient factors of bathroom usage are comprised of 20 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. Result: The degree of inconvenience of bathroom usage results showed that the group of patients using wheelchairs experience more inconvenience than the group of patients without wheelchairs. The inconvenient factors between two groups are shown to have significant differences in the door sill, the location of the mirror, the chair for showering, transferring to the bathtub, slippery floor, the location of cabinets, door width, shower space, the location of shower booth, and the safety handle on the wall and toilet (p<.05). Conclusion: The result of this research shows that the inconvenient factors in the bathroom experience stroke patients vary depending on the use of wheelchair. The result may be utilized as therapeutic basic materials provide an effective bathroom environment to stoke patients in future.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2015

This study evaluated non-liturgical space of catholic churches based on the four principles of universal design; accessible design, supportive design, safety-oriented design, and adaptable design. To design those spaces in terms of supportive design principle, diaper exchanging station needs to be placed in the restroom. Findings of this study are as follows: In terms of accessible design, valid width of entrance door to each room(more than 800mm), installation of elevator, height of riser in the stair, and width of step board were appropriate, but there were many spaces where door sils were not removed. In terms of supportive design, notice board at teacher's room and installation of storage closet, and width of passage to office(more than 1,200mm) were also appropriate, but storage closet at a meeting and prayer room, and space for storing flowers appeared inappropriate. To design those spaces in terms of supportive design principle, diaper exchanging station needs to be placed in the restroom. In terms of safety-oriented design, installation of round-edged furniture, use of non-slip flooring material, installation of safety emergency bell at a restroom, and installation of wall handle were required. In terms of adaptable design, space for wheelchair users at each room, installation of the furniture that can adjust the height, installation of desk with different height at an office, installation of toilet and basin considering children were considered to be necessary.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.241-243
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• 2016

과거, 자동차 보안은 'Door Lock'과 같은 물리적인 접근을 방지하는 것이었다. 그러나 시대가 발달함에 따라, 자동차 보안의 트렌드는 이러한 물리적인 보안에서 굉장히 지능적으로 바뀌었다. 이러한 변화는 해커들로 하여금 차량 통신 시스템을 공격할 계기를 만들게 되었고 현재 차량 통신 시스템은 몇 가지 취약점이 존재하는 CAN Protocol을 사용하고 있다. 첫 째로 ID 스푸핑, 둘 째로 서비스 분산 공격, 셋 째로 안드로이드 좀비 어플리케이션이다. 현재 자동차들은 엔진 제어나, 도어 락 제어, 그리고 핸들의 제어를 위해 수많은 ECU들을 사용하고 있다. 그리고 CAN Protocol은 신호를 Broad - Cast 방식으로 제공하기 때문에 해커들은 굉장히 쉽게 그 신호에 접근 가능하다. 그리고 차량 통신 시스템을 공격하기 위해 Android나 IOS와 같은 범용성이 높은 어플리케이션을 자주 이용한다. 차량의 소유주가 블루투스 동글을 통해 신호를 넓게 퍼뜨리게 되면 해커는 이 신호에 쉽게 접근하게 되고, 해당 데이터를 수집해 분석하고 그들은 차량의 ECU를 공격하기 위해 특정한 데이터를 만들고 ECU에 전송해 ECU를 제어하게 된다. 그래서 본인은 인증 시스템과 안드로이드의 말단에서 이러한 공격을 막을 방법을 제시한다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2022

The use of copper antibacterial films as an effective infection prevention method is increasing owing to its ability to reduce the risk of pathogen transmission. In this study, we evaluated the bacterial contamination of the antibacterial copper membrane attached to a door handle at a university over time. Six mounting locations with high floating population were selected. In three sites, the door handles with the antibacterial film were exposed, while the remaining three were not attached with the antibacterial films. On days 7 and 14, isolated bacterial strains were inoculated in BHI broth and agar, respectively. Colony-forming units (CFU) were determined after incubation. Strain identification was performed using bacterial 16s rRNA PCR and sequencing. Results showed that the bacterial population on day 14 significantly increased from 6 × 10⁹ CFU/mL (day 7) to 2 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL. Furthermore, strain distribution was not different between the on and off the copper antibacterial film groups. In conclusion, although copper has an antibacterial activity, microbial contamination may occur with prolonged use.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 현행 교과서의 노인주거 내용에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식을 조사하여 노인주거 교육내용 구성과 교수학습 과정에 참고할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하는 것으로 이를 위해 7차 교육과정 기술 가정 교과서 10종의 주생활단원 노인주거 내용을 5개 내용요소의 67개 항목으로 분석하였으며, 기술 가정 교사 233명을 대상으로 중요도 인식을 조사하였다. '안전성과 안전관리'의 11개 항목 중 욕실과 화장실의 안전에 관한 항목이 가장 비중이 높았으며 욕실 화장실의 안전에 관한 항목(욕실 화장실 바닥 미끄럼 방지 처리, 욕실 화장실 안전 손잡이, '샤워기 욕조 세면대의 위치와 높이조정)에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식도 높았다. '노인실 계획'의 7개 항목에서는 보편적으로 적용할 수 있는 기본적 지침(긴급 통보 장치, 화장실을 가깝게 배치, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥)에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식이 높았다. '가족축소기 및 주거의존기'의 20개 항목에서는 안전사고 방지를 위한 설비 갖추기와 노후기 주거 상황에 보편적으로 적용 가능한 항목(긴급 통보 장치, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥, 미끄럽지 않은 바닥)에 대한 중요도 인식이 높았다. '3세대 동거 주택'의 11개 항목에서는 안전에 관한 원칙적 내용이나 세대간의 독립성 확보에 관한 항목(노인을 위한 주거 안전 고려, 독립성을 보장하는 세대간의 공간 배치, 노인 전용의 욕실 화장실 두기)에 대한 중요도 인식이 높았다. '유니버설 디자인의 25개 항목에서는 욕실 화장실의 안전한 사용이나 이동의 편리성을 보장하는 항목(욕실 화장실의 안전 손잡이, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥, 휠체어가 회전할 수 있는 문이나 통로, 휠체어가 통과할 수 있는 문이나 통로)에 대한 중요도 인식이 높았다. 본 연구의 결과에 따라 노인주거 교육내용 구성과 교수학습에 대해 제언할 점은 첫째, 여러 내용요소에 공통으로 포함되며 교사의 중요도 인식이 높은 4개 항목(긴급 통보 장치, 욕실 화장실 안전 손잡이, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥, 미끄럽지 않은 바닥)을 보편적인 노인주거 교육내용으로 활용할 수 있으며, 둘째, '안전성과 안전관리'의 중점은 욕실 화장실의 안전이 되어야 하며, 셋째, '노인실 계획'의 중점은 화장실의 근접 배치와 보편적 디자인 지침이 되어야 하며, 넷째, '가족축소기 및 주거의존기'의 중점은 안전사고 방지 설비와 보편적 디자인 지침 및 고령화 대비와 연계되는 내용이 되어야 하며, 다섯째, '3세대 동거 주택'의 중점은 노인 주거 안전과 세대 간의 독립성 확보에 관한 내용이 되어야 하며, 여섯째, '유니버설 디자인'의 중점은 보편적 디자인 지침과 이동의 편리성을 보장하는 것으로 관련법과도 일치하는 내용이 되어야 하는 것이다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

디자이너들은 어떤 제품의 크기, 모양 혹은 인터페이스 부분을 설계해야 하는데 그것들이 사용자에게 맞도록 하려면 인간공학 원칙과 데이터를 필요로 하게 된다. 그러나 아직까지 냉장고를 비롯한 가전제품 분야에서는 실제 작업에 쓰일만한 인간공학 관련 디자인 원칙이나 데이터들이 거의 없는 형편이다. 냉장고 디자이너들이 가장 고민하는 문제 가운데 하나인 냉장실과 냉동실의 레이아웃 결정만 하더라도, 서로 다른 레이아웃의 차이를 비교할만한 객관적인 방법이 없다. 그 외에 도어 손잡이를 어떤 모양으로 어느 위치에 부착할 것이지, 조작패널의 사용자 인터페이스는 어떻게 설계할 것인 지 등에 관한 모든 것이 아직까지는 디자이너들의 직관에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 냉장고 디자이너들의 의사결정 과정을 도와주기 위해 몇 가지의 인간 공학적 연구방법을 사용하여 냉장고 디자인에 대한 평가를 시도하였다. 근전도 분석방법은 냉장고의 선반 높이와 냉장실, 냉동실의 레이아웃을 평가하기 위해 사용되었으며, 3차원 동작분석은 도어의 손잡이를 평가하기 위해 사용되었다. 비데오 분석에 의한 사용성 평가의 조작패널의 문제점을 찾아내기 위해 사용되었다. 마지막으로 한국인 인체측정 데이터에 근거한 냉장고의 적정 설계치수 결정 기준을 설정하였다. 이러한 연구결과들은 향후 냉장고 디자인 개발에 참조 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2006

In most of automobile body panel manufacturing, trimming process is generally performed before flanging. To find feasible trimming line is crucial in obtaining accurate edge profile after flanging. Section-based method develops blank along manually chosen section planes and find trimming line by generating loop of end points. This method suffers from inaccurate results of edge profile. On the other hand, simulation-based method can produce more accurate trimming line by iterative strategy. In this study, new fast simulation-based method to find feasible trimming line is proposed. Finite element inverse method is used to analyze the flanging process because final shape after flanging can be explicitly defined and most of strain paths are simple in flanging. In utilizing finite element inverse method, the main obstacle is the initial guess generation for general mesh. Robust initial guess generation method is developed to handle genera] mesh with very different size and undercut. The new method develops final triangular mesh incrementally onto the drawing tool surface. Also in order to remedy mesh distortion during development, energy minimization technique is utilized. Trimming line is extracted from the outer boundary after finite element inverse method simulation. This method has many advantages since trimming line can be obtained in the early design stage. The developed method is verified by shrink/stretch flange forming and successfully applied to the complex industrial applications such as door outer flanging process.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial composition characteristics of elderly housing facilities in Korea, in order to refer them in establishing the basic plan for elderly housing in Korea. The case study performed in this study from October 16 to October 31 is based on ten housing facilities for the elderly in KOREA. During the site visits, the interview with the custodians, survey of the space, picture taking and diagram gathering were carried out. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The type of floor plan was classified into ㅁ type, L type, and ㅡ type. And they hadn't an outside space called a garden(courtyard). 2. The kinds of common spaces could be grouped as the space for basic living, for leisure, and for convenient living. Also it was all common that the housing facility had common diningroom laundry room once, and activity room. The type of the common spaces was categorized into three types, the centralized type where the shared space was located at the center of the housing facilities, the distributed type, depending on the degree of separation between common spaces and units, and another each building type. 3. The kinds of units was classified into studio, oneroom, one bedroom and two bedroom. 4. Elevator, safety grab bar, emergency bell, and the door handle of lever or bar type were placed in these facilities.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1999

Pusan the principal port of South Korea, has opened its door since 1876. Currently, the four-stage port construction project is under way to handle ever-growing marine transportation volume. While the port unloading capabilities are increasing the infrastructure to deal with all the transportation volume failed to catch up with them. Accordingly the city had to suffer from worst traffic congestion on due to the increasing container traffic volume causing logistical costs to rise. This study was designed to inspect the enforcement of infrastructure construction plan and suggest systematical and effective ways to improve the plan. The study focused on :\circled1The decision-making procedure, \circled2Financial resource for the plan, \circled3Effectiveness of the project enforcement, and \circled4Who will be in charge of the project. As a result from the study, these followings were suggested to improve the plan. First, Pusan Port Infrastructure consisting of (Inter-city Free way, Belt Highway and Outer Highway) should be immediately legally-regulation project. Second, the method to finance the project should be deter-mined and investment consultation among the central government the city government and private sector should be also made. Measures to make the central government budget allocation for the project mandatory should be discussed. Third, Effectiveness of the project can be doubled by gradually or partialyl opening the routes based on long-term or short-term operating plans. Fourth, The organizer of the project should be appointed, or a special task-force team in charge of the plan can be formed.