• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.899-906
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• 1997

연구 배경 : 경피적 늑막 침 생검술은 항산균 검사 음성이고 세포진 검사에서 악성세포를 찾을 수 없는 림프구 우위성 삼출성 늑막액의 진단에 있어서 시금석으로 여겨져왔다. 그러나 경피적 늑막 침 생검술은 침습적인 시술이며 그 진단율이 않고 비교적 높은 부작용을 동반한다. 최근 흉수의 adenosine deaminase와 carcinoembryonic antigen의 농도가 결핵성 늑막염과 악성 감별에 도움이 된다고 보고되고 있는데 이런 상황에서 경피적 늑막 칩 생검의 유용성을 재평가하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 1994년 1월부터 1996년 2월까지 서울대학교 병원에 입원한 림프구 우위성 흉막 삼출증 환자 중 항산균 도말 검사가 음성이고 세포진 검사 역시 음성이어서 늑막 침 생검을 시행한 73명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 늑막 침 생검의 결과와 합병증의 병발 비율을 조사하였으며 흉수의 ADA가 40IU/L이상인 집단, CEA가 10ng/ml 이상인 집단과 그렇지 않은 집단으로 분류하여 각각의 최종 진단과 늑막 침 생검 결과를 비교분석 하였다. 결 과 : 총 73례의 늑막 침 생검으로 35례에서는 특이 진단이 가능하였는데 모두 결핵성 늑막염과 합치하는 소견이었으며 30례에서는 비특이적 늑막염으로 특이진단을 내릴 수 없었고 나머지 8례는 적절한 늑막 조직을 얻지 못하였다. 기흉등의 합병증은 9례 즉 12%에서 발생하였다. 흉수 ADA 수치가 40IU/L 이상이었던 49례의 경우 진단을 내리지 못한 2례를 제외하고는 모두 결핵성 늑막염으로 진단되어 결핵성 늑막염에 대한 양성예측율은 100%였는데 늑막 침 생검으로는 28례만을 결핵성 늑막염으로 진단할 수 있었다. 한편 흉수 CEA가 10ng/ml 이상이었던 6례는 결국 악성 늑막 삼출 4례, 악정 종양과 연관된 늑막삼출과 결핵성 늑막염 각 1례씩으로 진단되어 악성 늑막 삼출에 대한 양성 예측율은 83%였고 늑막 침 생검으로는 한례도 진단해내지 못하였다. 결 론 : 항산균 도말 검사와 세포진 검사 음성인 림프구 우위성 늑막 삼출의 진단에 있어서 경피적 늑막 침 생검의 진단율은 48%로 높지 않으며 흉수 ADA가 충분히 CEA가 낮은 경우의 결핵성 늑막염에 대한 양성 예측율은 100%로 경피적 늑막 칩 생검의 역할이 재검토되어야 한다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.50.1-50.12
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• 2022

Background: There is an urgent need to find reliable and rapid bovine tuberculosis (bTB) diagnostics in response to the rising prevalence of bTB worldwide. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes components of bTB and initiates antigen-presenting cells to mediate humoral immunity. Evaluating the affinity of antigens with TLR2 can form the basis of a new method for the diagnosis of bTB based on humoral immunity. Objectives: To develop a reliable and rapid strategy to improve diagnostic tools for bTB. Methods: In this study, we expressed and purified the sixteen bTB-specific recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The two antigenic proteins, MPT70 and MPT83, which were most valuable for serological diagnosis of bTB were screened. Molecular docking technology was used to analyze the affinity of MPT70, MPT83, dominant epitope peptide of MPT70 (M1), and dominant epitope peptide MPT83 (M2) with TLR2, combined with the detection results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the molecular docking effect. Results: The results showed that interaction surface Cα-atom root mean square deviation of proteins (M1, M2, MPT70, MPT83)-TLR2 protein are less than 2.5 A, showing a high affinity. It is verified by clinical serum samples that MPT70, MPT83, MPT70-MPT83 showed good diagnostic potential for the detection of anti-bTB IgG and M1, M2 can replace the whole protein as the detection antigen. Conclusions: Molecular docking to evaluate the affinity of bTB protein and TLR2 combined with ELISA provides new insights for the diagnosis of bTB.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2019

Hepatitis B treatments using immune therapy are gaining interest because of the improvements in dendritic cell performance for antigen presentation, which induces an appropriate immune response and raises patient survival rates. This research aims to produce a significant amount of the HBcAg antigen, which can induce an immune response and have a curative effect on HBV infection. In this study, the HBV subgenotype B3 of the HBcAg gene was used, which is dominant in Indonesia. Further, Lactococcus lactis bacteria was used as the host because of its safety and tightly regulated protein expression. The codon usage for the HBcAg gene was optimized to improve protein expression in L. lactis, which is important because a codon is not random between species. The HBcAg gene is attached to a pNZ8148 plasmid and transformed into the L. lactis NZ3900 expression host. The results confirm that a positive protein band (21 kDa) in two fractions of purified HBcAg was recognized by both western blotting and dot blot hybridization, even if the HBcAg optimized codon has higher GC contents than that suggested for L. lactis expression. Overall, this research strengthens the broad use of L. lactis bacteria for any protein expression, including higher protein expression of codon optimized HBcAg gene compared to non-optimized genes. Furthermore, the improvement in the codon optimization of the HBcAg gene significantly increases the total protein expression by 10-20%, and the expression level of the codon optimized HBcAg increases 1.5 to 3.2-times that of the native HBcAg.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2001

T cells play a central role in the initiation and regulation of the immune response to foreign antigens. Full activation of T cells requires the engagement of T cell receptor complex (TCR) and the binding of a second costimulatory receptor to its ligand expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC). Among the molecules known to provide costimulatory function, CD28 has been the most dominant and potent costimulatory molecule. However, the function of CD28 is becoming more complex due to the recent discovery of its structural homologue, CTLA-4 and ICOS. This review summarizes the biology and physiologic function of each of these receptors, and further focuses on the biochemical mechanism underlying the function of these receptors. Complete understanding of the CD28/CTLA-4/ICOS costimulatory pathway will provide the basis for developing new therapeutic approaches for immunological dieseases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1042-1048
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• 2006

Plasmid DNA vaccines encoding the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface and hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope antigens, respectively, were constructed, and attempt were made to find the possibility of a divalent vaccine against HBV and HCV. The expression of each plasmid in Cos-1 cells was confirmed using immunocytochemistry. To measure the induced immune response by these plasmids in vivo, female BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with $100\;{\mu}g$ of either both or just one of the plasmids. Anti-HBV and HCV-specific antibodies and related cytokines were evaluated to investigate the generation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. As a result, specific anti-HBV and anti-HCV serum antibodies from mice immunized with these plasmids were observed using immunoblot. The levels of IL-2 and RANTES showing a $Th_{1}$ immune response were significantly increased, but there was no change in the level of IL-4 ($Th_{1}$ immune response) in any of the immunized groups. Compared with each plasmid DNA vaccine, the combined vaccine elicited similar immune responses in both humoral and cell-mediated immunities. These results suggest that the combined DNA vaccine can induce not only comparable immunity experimentally without antigenic interference, but also humoral and $Th_{1}$ dominant cellular immune responses. Therefore, they could serve as candidates for a simultaneous bivalent vaccine against HBV and HCV infections.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2001

Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is considered as an essential immunogenic component for incorporation into acellular vaccines against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough. Classically, antipertussis vaccination has employed an intramuscular route. An alternative approach to stimulate mucosal and systemic immune responses is oral immunization with recombinant live vaccine carrier strains of Salmonella typhimurium. An attenuated live Salmonella vaccine sgrain($\Delta$cya $\Delta$crp) expressing recombinant FHA(rFHA) was developed. Stable expressionof rFHA was achieved by the use of balanced-lethal vector-host system. which employs an asd deletion in the host chromosome to impose in obligate requirement for diaminopimelic acid. The chromosomal $\Delta$asd mutation was complemented by a plasmid vector possessing the asd$^{+}$ gene. A 3 kb DNA fragment encoding immuno dominant regionof FHA was subcloned in-frame downstream to the ATG translation initiation codon in the multicopy Asd$^{+}$ pYA3341 vector to create pYA3457. Salmonella vaccine harboring pYA3457 expressed approximately 105kDa rFHA protein. The 100% maintenance of [YA3457 in vaccine strain was confirmed by stability examinations. Additionally, a recombinant plasmid pYA3458 was constructed to overpress His(8X)-tagged rFHA in Essherichia coli. His-tagged rFHA was purified from the E. coli strain harboring pYA3458 using Ni$^{2+}$-NTA affinity purification system.>$^{2+}$-NTA affinity purification system.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Beevenom immunotherapy(BVIT) in allergic patients is a well-established treatment modality for the prevention of systemic anaphylactic reactions caused by insect stings. BVIT is accompanied by increases in allergen-specific IgG, particularly the IgG4 isotype, which blocks not only IgE-dependent histamine release from basophils but also IgE-mediated antigen presentation to T cells. Inhibition of T cells after BVIT also involves decreased induction of the costimulatory molecule ICOS, which, in turn, seems to be dependent on the presence of IL-10, also associated with the inhibited status of T cells after BVIT. Suppression of T cells by IL-10 is an active process, which depends on the expression and participation of CD28. Immune tolerance in specific allergen immunotherapy might be a consequence of decreased Th2 or increased Th1 response of allergen specific T lymphocytes. BVIT shifted cytokine responses to allergen from a TH-2 to a TH-1 dominant pattern, suggesting direct effects on T cells. Many studies showed that severe side effects due to venom immunotherapy are rare. These results suggest that immunological changes after BVIT may be applied to be therapeutic alternative of general allergic diseases including beevenom allergy.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2005

Recently, the existence of T cells with dual T cell receptor (TCR) in the immune system is generally accepted, while it has been controversial whether signals through one TCR would affect the functions of the other. In this study T cells expressing two different TCR were obtained from cross-hybrids of LCMV and AND TCR transgenic mice specific for the gp33 and peptide fragment of PCC (fPCC), respectively. Peptide stimulation demonstrated that the dual TCR T cells functioned independently in an antigen-specific manner. To examine whether the tolerance targeted for the one TCR affects the responsiveness of the other, the cross-hybrids were treated with gp33. Although T cells from F1 mice were rendered anergenic to gp33, no functional changes to fPCC were observed in terms of cellular proliferation and IL-2 secretion, suggesting that the dual TCR T cells remained reactive to fPCC. We therefore propose that signaling through the TCR is receptor-specific and 'negative dominance' of one TCR by tolerance induction is not applicable in this dual TCR system.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2015

Purpose: Metabolic liver disease (MLD) often progresses to life-threatening conditions. This study intends to describe the outcomes of liver transplantation (LTx) for MLD at a living donor-dominant transplantation center where potentially heterozygous carrier grafts are employed. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 54 patients with MLD who underwent LTx between November 1995 and February 2012 at Asan Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. The cumulative graft and patient survival rates were analyzed according to patient age, and living or deceased donor LTx. Recurrence of the original disease was also investigated. Results: The post-transplant cumulative patient survival rates at one, five, and 10 years were 90.7%, 87.5% and 87.5%, and the graft survival rates were 88.8%, 85.5%, and 85.5%, respectively. There were no differences in the patient survival rates according to the recipient age, human leukocyte antigen matching, and living or deceased donor LTx. There were also no differences in the patient survival rates between the MLD and the non-MLD groups for children. Recurrence of the original metabolic disease was not observed in any patient during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the living donor-dominant transplantation program is well-tolerated in MLD without recurrence of the original MLD using all types of transplantation.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2003

Scrub typhus and murine typhus are common endemic febrile illness in the fall in Korea. Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugomushi, murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhi. Trombiculid mites are known as both the vector and the reservoir host of O tsutsugamushi, the mites which transmit O tsutsugomushi have been reported to be Leptotrombidium pallidum and L scutellare. The author carried out an epidemiological study of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Kyodong-Myeon, Kanghwa-Gun, Incheon in relation to the residents and the host rodents, such as their distribution, seroepidemiology, and population density of chigger mites. 1. Out of 900 residents, 33(3.7%) showed positive reaction to O tsutsugamushi, 24(2.7%) to R typhi. 2. In the seropositives to O tsutsugamushi or R typhi, between the sixties and the seventies of the age were dominant. 3. In the seropositives to O tsutsugamushi serotypically Gilliam was dominant. 4. Among the total 42 field rodents trapped by the sherman traps, 18 rodents were Apodemus agrarius(42.9%), 13 rodents were Crocidura lasiura(31.0%), 5 rodents were Musmusculus(11.9%), 2 rodents(4.8%) were Crocidura suaveolens, Rattus norvegicus, Tscherskia triton, respectively. 5. Out of 42 field rodents, 25 were parasitized by 4,419 chigger mites, showing 59.5% of the infestation rate and 98.8 of the chigger index. L pallidum parasitized in A agrarius, C lasiura, M musculus, R norvegicus and T triton, and L scutellare parasitized only C lasiura. 6. Antibodies in the sera of field rodents against O tsutsugamushi and R typhi were investigated by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Positive rate of antibody against O tsutsugamushi were 11.9(5 of 42) and all of the positive is A agrarius. Antibody against R typhi was not detected. These results might provide the basic information for the management of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Kyodong-myeon, where the epidemiological studies on scrub typhus and murine typhus was not carried out enough.