• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 1986

Effects of substituents in the nucleophile(X), the substrate(Y) and the leaving group(Z) on the structure of $S_N2$ transition states have been analyzed by considering effects of four components, electrostatic($E_{es}$), exchange repulsion ($E_{ex}$), polarization($E)_{pl}$) and charge transfer($E_{ct}$) terms, of interaction between the reactants on the degree of bond making and bond breaking. Prediction of net effects of all substituents(X, Y and Z) on the degree of bond making were found to be clearcut whereas the effect of an electron withdrawing group on the substrate (Y = EWG) on the degree of bond breaking was complex; the substituent(Y = EWG) is normally carbon-leaving group($C^{\ast}$-L) bond tightening($E_{pl}$ dominance) but becomes $C^{\ast}$-L bond loosening when the bond is strongly antibonding ($E_{ct}$ dominance). Our model calculations on the reaction of $CH_2XNH_2$ with $YCH_2COOCH_2Z$ using energy decomposition scheme have confirmed that predictions based on our analysis are correct.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2021

This study wanted to confirm whether the DiSC behavior types of student pilots and instructors in the training course of Helicopter pilots affect the flight training achievement. The results of the study are as follows. First, in the distribution of DiSC behavior types of student pilots and instructors, student pilots had the largest number of Dominance with 40.2 percent, while Instructors had the highest number of conscientiousness with 46.5 percent. Second, it was analyzed that the flight training achievement was influenced by the behavior type of student pilots. In basic flight and aircraft type conversion flight, Steadiness had the highest achievement in flight training, and in tactical flight, conscientiousness was the highest. Third, the behavior patterns of student pilots and instructors have been confirmed to have interaction effects in tactical flight.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 1997

In this experiment, gene actions were analysized for seven barley parents in order to obtain basic information on their genetic improvement by diallel crosses. The results obtained were summarized as follows. In analysis of variance, additive, dominant, maternal and reciprocal effects were observed significantly for culm length, tiller number, number of spiked per plant, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight. Over-dominance was shown by Vr-Wr graphic analysis in five characters such as tiller number, number of spikes per plant, length of flag leaf, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight, and partial dominance in four characters such as culm length, culm diameter, awn length, and leaf width. Component of genetic varience analyzed for four characters such as culm diameter, awn length, length of flag leaf, and leaf width showed that additive effects were higher than dominant effects. Culm length, tiller number, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight showed dominant effects higher than additive effects. The narrow-sense heritability for awn length, leaf width, and number of grains per spike showed high values as more than 0.62, while broad-sense heritability for culm length, number of spikes per plant, culm diameter, awn length, leaf width, number of grains per spike, and 1000 grain weight showed high values as more than 0.65.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.256-268
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• 2007

This research examines how various dimensions of physical environments influence employees' emotional responses in restaurants, and how these emotional responses, in turn, influence employees' group cohesiveness. The result of empirical research indicates that restaurant physical environments have a significant effect on employees' emotional responses, and that these psychological experiences serve as critical mediators in the physical environment-group cohesiveness relationship in restaurants. However, the effects of physical environ-ments of restaurants on employees' psychological responses varied with the dimensions of physical environ-ments. First, the effect of spatial layout and functionality on pleasure and dominance was significant, not on arousal. Second, ambient factors influence on all dimensions of emotional responses, including the arousal level. In turn, all dimensions of emotional responses have significant effects on employees' group cohesive-ness. Therefore, the result suggests that restaurants should manage(or, improve) their physical environment conditions for inducing employees' positive emotional responses.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-57
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• 2007

This study tests e-business performance difference of the inter group by strategy type through the cluster analysis, after confirming the linear relationship between the e-business strategy type and its performance. According to the result of the study the effect on the e-business performance reveals to differ by the e-business strategy type. That is to say, while the firm's information system performance, e-business realization and the inter group competition dominance are affected positively by the e-process strategy, web application strategy and customer attracting strategy. This confirms that the information system performance, the realization performance and the competition dominance are affected by e - business strategy type. The key factor leading to the success of e-business is the commitment of e-process strategy and web application strategy. For the case of the customer attracting strategy the result shows the importance of the strategy. In the cluster group analysis, the additional analysis, the effect is seen to be more powerful in the firm's information system performance, e - business realization and securing the competition advantage for the case of the multiple strategy than that of single one. Accordingly, the firm needs to adopt the multiple strategy suited for the characteristic of the firm rather than the single strategy.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.915-928
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• 2012

Han River estuary (HRE) is located at the middle of the western coast of Korea, and tidal currents were measured at 4 stations in this estuary during the winter season, and previously observed tide data was analyzed. The results of amplitude ratio of $M_4/M_2$ showed that increasing upward to estuary in the HRE. Tide harmonic constants of relative phase $2M_2-M_4$ represent flood dominance, with under 180 degree. But this method has a limit of analysis that typically based on the non-linear distortion of the tidal current in tidal lagoon system where freshwater discharge is assumed to be relatively small. The results of statistically tidal current data indicated that ebb current velocity would be great unlike tide data. Ebb and flood duration time is calculated by slack time of tidal current showed that ebb duration time is longer than flood. The results of correlation of analysis show high value (0.9) between tidal current stations from Incheon harbor to north entrance of Yeomha channel. We reconstructed to find the reasons for the features of ebb dominance the results of harmonic analysis. As major component ($M_2$) in combination with shallow water component ($M_4$), the tidal curve was presented flood dominance that has a flood current is stronger. However, these curve were changed to ebb dominance add up the non-harmonic components that had ebb direction flow by calculated tidally averaged current. The characteristic of enhancement on ebb is showed around the Yeomha channel in the HRE, because averaged flow which acts seaward such as long-term tidal current components due to non-linear effect and freshwater which overcome the flood current.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.33-84
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• 2017

This study deals with President Park Chung-hee's greed for dominance and oppression during the Yushin Regime in the 1970's and consists of case studies related to anti-democracy of the National Council for Unification Subject, illegality of President's emergency rule and oppression in the process of putting down Buma Uprising. The National Council for Unification Subject was an organization for presidential selection and institutionalized by the enactment of Yushin constitution. Emergency rule was carried into effect as a means to repressing college students and forces out of office for the president's long-term seizure of power. And Buma Uprising rose against violence in resistance to the Yushin regime and president Park Chung-hee's greed for dominance and oppression. These case analyses applied the aspects of causal relationship(birth and fall of Yushin Regime), legal system(Yushin constitution and president's emergency rule) and behavior(President Park's greed for dominance and oppression) for this study. The National Council for Unification Subject institutionalized through Yushin constitution and the Yushin regime formed by emergency rule enabled President Park to cling to long-term seizure of power by means of greed for dominance and oppression. After all, his failure to keep the spirit of the time and stepping stone for democratic constitutional government triggered Buma Uprising, a kind of anti-Establishment movement, and caused the fall of the Yushin regime.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

The experiment was conducted to get basic information for cotton breeding program through four-variety diallel cross population. Additive, dominant, maternal, and reciprocal effect were observed significantly for days to maturity. Based on the Vr-Wr graphical analysis, the characters, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, seed and lint weight per boll, lint weight per boll, width of seed, 100-seed weight, days to flowering, and days to maturity were found to inherit incomplete dominance, and the characters of number of bolls per plant, width of seed, number of seeds per boll, and length of seed were assumed to inherit over dominance. The component of genetic variance analysis for boll weight, seed and lint weight per boll, lint weight per boll, number of seeds per boll, length of seed, and days to flowering showed that additive effects were higher than dominant effects. The narrow-sense heritability(h$_2$N) for boll weight, seed and lint weight per boll, lint weight per boll, days to flowering, and days to maturity showed high values as more than 43.19%. The estimate of broad-sense heritability(h$_2$B) value was higher than that of h$_2$N because of the low importance of dominance effects.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.279-293
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• 2021

To investigate the effect of seasonal marine environment conditions on the cyanobacteria abundance and diversity in the South Sea, four-seasonal surveys were conducted along the 127.5°E survey transect line in the central South Sea using flow cytometry and 16S-23S ITS on the Miseq platform from August 2016 to May 2017. The average abundance of Synechococcus varied from 3.3 × 10³ to 7.4 × 10⁴ cells ml^-1. The abundance was the highest in the summer and the lowest in the winter, and the abundance fluctuated according to water temperature. The abundance was high in the outer sea affected by TWC. However, in summer, the Coastal areas affected by the Yangtze River were more populated than the outer sea. Prochlorococcus was rare and could not penetrate into coastal areas due to the fronts, but showed its dominance in the waters influenced by the TWC. Synechococcus clades II, VII, IX, CRD1, and CRD2 were predominant in the outer sea area affected by the TWC. In the coastal area, clades I and IV showed higher dominance whereas clades V, VI, WPC1, and 5.3-MS3 with euryhaline characteristics, showed a high dominance rate in the water masses affected by the low-salinity water of the Yangtze River in the summer. Clade XVI, XVII, CB1, CB5, and 5.3-I/II showed high dominance in nutrient-rich waters in the summer with increased water temperature. The abundance and community composition of cyanobacteria changed in the South Sea due to the influence of the TWC and stratification. In the summer, the abundance and the community composition differed, and were mainly affected by the general influence of the TWC in addition to the influence of the Yangtze River low-salinity water.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 1990

Five parents which showed differential response to thiobencarb and their $F_1$ hybrids were treated with thiobencarb (S-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]diethylcarbamothioate) at 2 and 4 kg ai/ha in order to investigate the inheritance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to the herbicide. In the analysis of diallel crosses for tolerance of rice cultivars to the herbicide, highly significant GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) effects were observed at both herbicide rates using the parameters of plant height and dry weight ; the GCA effect being greater than the SCA effect. The additive effects appeared to be more prevalent than dominance effects, and partial dominance was recognized in relation to herbicide tolerance in the different rice cultivars. Higher heritabilities in the narrow and broad senses were observed at 4 kg ai/ha. The heritabilities in the narrow sense for plant height and dry weight were 0.726 and 0. 743, respectively. IR9660-50-3-1 which showed the highest GCA effects seemed to possess more dominant genes related to herbicide tolerance than the other rice cultivars tested.