• Title/Summary/Keyword: domain skipping

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Inhibition of Melanosome Transport by Inducing Exon Skipping in Melanophilin

  • Jin Young Kim;Seon-Young Han;Kiho Sung;Jeong Yeon Seo;Cheol Hwan Myung;Chan Song Jo;Jee Hoe Yoon;Ji Yun Park;Jae Sung Hwang
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.466-472
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    • 2023
  • Exon skipping is an efficient technique to inhibit specific gene expression induced by a short-sequence peptide nucleic acid (PNA). To date, there has been no study on the effects of PNA on skin pigmentation. In melanocytes, the tripartite complex is responsible for the transport of mature melanosomes from the nucleus to the dendrites. The tripartite complex is composed of Rab27a, Mlph (Melanophilin), and Myosin Va. Defects in the protein Mlph, a melanosome transport-related protein, are known to cause hypopigmentation. Our study shows that Olipass peptide nucleic acid (OPNA), a cell membrane-permeable PNA, targets exon skipping in the Mlph SHD domain, which is involved in Rab27a binding. Our findings demonstrate that OPNA induced exon skipping in melan-a cells, resulting in shortened Mlph mRNA, reduced Mlph protein levels, and melanosome aggregation, as observed by microscopy. Therefore, OPNA inhibits the expression of Mlph by inducing exon skipping within the gene. These results suggest that OPNA, which targets Mlph, may be a potential new whitening agent to inhibit melanosome movement.

Site-Directed Mutagenesis on Putative Macrolactone Ring Size Determinant in the Hybrid Pikromycin-Tylosin Polyketide Synthase

  • Jung, Won-Seok;Kim, Eung-Soo;Kang, Han-Young;Choi, Cha-Yong;Sherman, David-H.;Yoon, Yeo-Joon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.823-827
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    • 2003
  • Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439 is notable in its ability to produce two distinct groups of macrolactones. It has been reported that the generation of two macrolactone structures results from alternative expression of pikromycin (Pik) polyketide synthase (PKS). It was previously reported that the hybrid pikromycin-tylosin PKS can also produce two different macrolactones but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. In order to address this question, a series of site-directed mutagenesis of tentative alternative ribosome binding site and translation start codons in tylGV were performed. The results suggest that macrolactone ring size is not determined by the alternative expression of TylGV but through other mechanism(s) involving direct interaction between the PikAIII and TE domain or skipping of the final chain elongation step. This provides new insight into the mechanism of macrolactone ring size determination in hybrid PKS as well as an opportunity to develop novel termination activities for combinatorial biosynthesis.

A person detection in HEVC bitstream domain based on bits density feature and YOLOv3 framework

  • Wiratama, Wahyu;Sim, Donggyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2019.11a
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    • pp.169-171
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    • 2019
  • This paper proposes an algorithm to detect persons in bitstream domain by skipping a reconstruction picture process in HEVC decoding. A new 3-channel feature extraction map is introduced in this paper by modelling the relationship between bits per CU density, average PU shape in CU, and total transform coefficients in CU from syntax elements. A state-of-the-art of YOLOv3 detection algorithm is used to detect and localize person on extracted feature maps. Based on the experimental results, the proposed person detection framework can achieve mAP of 0.68 and be able to find persons on feature maps. In addition, the proposed person detection can save decoding time about 60% by removing reconstruction picture process.

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A Fast Partial Frequency Spectrum Computation Method for the Efficient Frequency-Domain Beamformer (효율적인 주파수 영역 빔형성기 구현을 위한 국부 스펙트럼 고속 연산 기법)

  • Ha, Chang-Eup;Kim, Wan-Jin;Lee, Dong-Hun;Kim, Hyoung-Nam
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.160-168
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    • 2011
  • A Frequency domain beamforming technique is widely used in sonar systems with a large number of beams and sensors. In the battlefield environment requiring real-time signal processing, it is needed to optimize the computational complexity of the spectrum computation to implement an efficient and fast frequency domain beamformer. So, in this paper, we proposed the pruned-GSFFT (pruned generalized sliding fast Fourier transform) as a new spectrum computation method. The proposed method help to reduce the computational complexity of the real-time partial spectrum computation by eliminating the redundancy between consecutive input samples and skipping the regardless frequency bands. Also the characteristics of the proposed pruned-GSFFT method and its computational complexity are compared to those of previous FFT algorithms.

Caption Extraction in News Video Sequence using Frequency Characteristic

  • Youglae Bae;Chun, Byung-Tae;Seyoon Jeong
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2000.07b
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    • pp.835-838
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    • 2000
  • Popular methods for extracting a text region in video images are in general based on analysis of a whole image such as merge and split method, and comparison of two frames. Thus, they take long computing time due to the use of a whole image. Therefore, this paper suggests the faster method of extracting a text region without processing a whole image. The proposed method uses line sampling methods, FFT and neural networks in order to extract texts in real time. In general, text areas are found in the higher frequency domain, thus, can be characterized using FFT The candidate text areas can be thus found by applying the higher frequency characteristics to neural network. Therefore, the final text area is extracted by verifying the candidate areas. Experimental results show a perfect candidate extraction rate and about 92% text extraction rate. The strength of the proposed algorithm is its simplicity, real-time processing by not processing the entire image, and fast skipping of the images that do not contain a text.

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