• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1311-1319
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soybean oil supplementation replacing tallow in pig diets at different stages of growth. One hundred and twenty crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs weighing 18 kg on average were selected. Pigs were randomly allotted to 12 pens of 10 pigs (5 pigs of each sex) each. Three pens were assigned to each of the four treatments: TA; tallow diet, TA-SO-80; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 80 kg average body weight, TA-SO-45; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 45 kg average body weight, and SO; soybean oil diet. Treatment SO was significantly lower in ADG than tallow diets (TA, TA-SO-80 and TA-SO-45) during the grower period (18 to 45 kg). However, treatment SO showed greatest compensation in ADFI and ADG during the finisher-2 period (after 80 kg body weight). ADFI and ADG and Gain/Feed for the total period were not significantly different among treatments. Loin area, back fat thickness, firmness and melting point of back fat were not significantly different. The levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein+very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in treatment SO than in treatments TA-SO-45, TA-SO-80 and TA. The level of serum triglyceride linearly increased as the length of the tallow feeding period increased. Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) level was significantly higher in the soybean oiltreatment than in other treatments. Major fatty acid composition of short rib muscle and back fat were significantly influenced by treatments. Contents of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) linearly increased as the soybean oil feeding period increased. In conclusion, soybean oil can be supplemented to the diet of pigs without significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially $\omega-3$ fatty acids in the carcass was increased by soybean oil supplementation.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2010

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) (1.1-5.6%) and vitamin E (70 and 400 mg/kg) on the growth and body composition of juvenile rockfish. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (17% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain graded levels of n-3 HUFA and vitamin E. Diets 1, 2 and 3 consist of 400 mg vitamin E/kg diet with graded levels of 1.1, 3.0, and 5.6% n-3 HUFA, respectively. Graded levels of n-3 HUFA (1.1, 3.0, and 4.0%) were added in diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively, containing 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet each. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance of rockfish was affected by neither dietary n-3 HUFA nor vitamin E levels. Feed efficiency and hepatosomatic index were slightly decreased (P<0.05) with increment of dietary n-3 HUFA at each dietary vitamin E level. Dietary vitamin E and n-3 HUFA levels did not affect proximate composition and vitamin E concentration in the dorsal muscle of rockfish. Liver moisture and crude protein contents positively related to dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Liver lipid content and hematocrit value were significantly decreased (P<0.05) by increasing dietary n-3 HUFA levels. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) concentrations in the dorsal muscle significantly correlated to dietary n-3 HUFA levels, except for fish fed the diet 6 containing 4% n-3 HUFA and 70 mg vitamin E/kg diet. EPA concentration in the dorsal muscle of fish fed the diet 6 was significantly lower than that of fish fed the diets 2, 3 and 5. The present findings suggest that feeding of diets containing excessive n-3 HUFA level with varying addition of vitamin E may alter fatty acid composition in the dorsal muscle, but do not affect growth of juvenile rockfish.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2024

High production and efficient harvesting of microalgae containing high omega-3 levels are critical concerns for industrial use. Aeration can elevate production of some microalgae by providing CO₂ and O₂. However, it may lower the production of others by generating shear stress, causing severe cell damage. The mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae is a new, promising microalga for omega-3 fatty acid production owing to its high docosahexaenoic acid content, and determining optimal conditions and methods for high omega-3 fatty acid production and efficient harvest using G. smaydae is crucial for its commercial utilization. Therefore, to determine whether continuous aeration is required, we measured densities of G. smaydae and the dinoflagellate prey Heterocapsa rotundata in a 100-L semi-continuous cultivation system under no aeration and continuous aeration conditions daily for 9 days. Furthermore, to determine the optimal conditions for harvesting through centrifugation, different rotational speeds of the continuous centrifuge and different flow rates of the pump injecting G. smaydae + H. rotundata cells into the centrifuge were tested. Under continuous aeration, G. smaydae production gradually decreased; however, without aeration, the production remained stable. Harvesting efficiency and the dry weights of omega-3 fatty acids of G. smaydae + H. rotundata cells at a rotational speed of 16,000 rpm were significantly higher than those at 2,000-8,000 rpm. However, these parameters did not significantly differ at injection pump flow rates of 1.0-4.0 L min^-1. The results of the present study provide a basis for optimized production and harvest conditions for G. smaydae and other microalgae.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.183-186
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• 2007

The effect of live food and commercial diet on sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis culture was assessed by determining the daily growth rate and feed conversion ratio. After feeding for 8 weeks, the Moina macrocopa diet resulted in a higher growth rate of 5.101 compared to commercial (3.441) and Artemia (2.729) diets. In addition fish fed the M. macrocopa diet had the weight gain, averaging 41.29 g at the end of the experiment. The content of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) was highest in the commercial diet, while free fatty acids were not detected in the M. macrocopa diet. Triglycerides, the energy source in fishes, constituted 40.0% of the M. macrocopa diet, which was significantly higher than in the commercial and Artemia diets at 20.0 and 12.0%, respectively These results indicate that freshwater M. macrocopa can be used as feed for sweetfish larvae, even without docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enrichment from Artemia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권8호
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• pp.957-964
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• 2017

본 연구에서 고등어육을 $4^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 마늘 추출물을 2.5, 5.0, 7.5%를 첨가한 시험구와 대조구를 비교하여 히스타민의 저감화 효과를 조사하였다. 일반세균수는 저장 초기에 대조구와 추출물 처리구의 일반세균수는 비슷하게 측정되었으나 저장시간이 경과함에 따라 차이가 있어 6일 경과 후 7.5% 첨가구는 대조구의 일반세균수 대비 1 log cycle 정도 균이 억제되었다. 저장기간 경과에 따른 지방산 조성의 변화는 $4^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$에서 저장 중 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, C20:5)와 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA, C22:6)가 대조구에서 감소하였으나 마늘 추출물 첨가구에서는 다소 상승하였다. 휘발성 염기질소는 $4^{\circ}C$와 $15^{\circ}C$ 저장실험 모두 시간이 경과함에 따라 지속해서 상승하였으나 마늘 추출물 첨가구의 휘발성 염기질소 함량이 낮게 나타나 마늘 추출물의 첨가는 고등어의 부패지연에 효과가 있었다. 히스타민 발생은 저장 초기에는 모든 실험구에서 히스타민이 검출되지 않았고 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장 실험구의 경우 3일차에서 대조구만 42.87 mg/kg 검출되었다. $15^{\circ}C$ 저장 시에도 저장기간이 경과할수록 지속해서 히스타민이 증가하였으나 마늘 추출물 첨가 농도가 높을수록 히스타민 생성억제 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 고등어의 저장성 연장에 도움을 줄 수 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2012

본 연구는 1일령 초생추(Ross)를 부화장에서 암 수 분리한 후 구입하여, 수병아리만 평당 66수를 수용해 왕겨 깔짚을 사용한 평사에서 사육을 시작하여 사육일령이 30, 36, 42일령 일 때 임의로 선발하여 도계한 다음 닭고기의 가슴 및 다리육의 아미노산, 유리아미노산, 지방산 변화를 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 육계의 사육일령별 닭고기의 육질변화에서 아미노산 중 glutamic acid의 변화는 가슴살에서 사육일령이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 다리육에서도 가슴육과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 총 유리아미노산 변화에서는 가슴살에서 246.3~370.6 mg%를 나타내었고, 다리육은 321.9~470.16 mg%를 나타내어 가슴살보다 다리육에서 전반적으로 더 높은 값을 나타내었다. 유리아미노산에서 glutamic acid도 다른 유리아미노산과 비슷하게 사육 기간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 지방산 변화는 가슴살에서 필수지방산 중 가장 많은 부분을 차지하는 linoleic acid 함량은 사육일령이 경과할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 뇌세포의 주성분인 DHA의 성분도 가슴육의 경우 30일령보다 42일령에서 1.9배 정도 증가하였다. 이러한 경향은 다리육에서도 유사하게 나타내었다. 가슴육 및 다리육의 총 불포화지방산 비율도 육계의 사육일령이 경과할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

A total of 150 growing ducks were assigned to five dietary treatments to study the effect of sea tangle and charcoal (STC) supplementation on growth performance and meat characteristics in a completely randomized design. There were six replicates and five ducklings in each replication. The five dietary treatments were control, antibiotic, and 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% STC supplemented diets. No significant differences were found on ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed among treatments in different weeks. The overall (0 to 3 weeks) ADFI decreased in antibiotic treatment (p<0.05) whereas the gain:feed increased significantly upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to control (p<0.05). No significant variation was found in meat chemical composition except crude fat content which was high in 1.0% STC dietary group (p<0.05). Meat cholesterol was reduced in 0.1% STC group (p<0.05) compared to other dose levels while serum cholesterol was unaffected. High density lipoprotein (HDL) content was high in 1.0% STC (p<0.05) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was low in 0.1% and 1.0% STC dietary groups (p = 0.06). No significant effect was found on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) of fresh meat, whereas the TBARS value of meat preserved for 1 week was reduced significantly in STC dietary groups (p<0.05). The 0.1% STC dietary group showed an increased myristic acid (p = 0.07) content whereas, the content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids increased in STC supplementation than antibiotic group (p<0.05). An increased concentration of omega-3 fatty acids and a reduced ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was found upon 1.0% STC supplementation compared to antibiotic dietary group (p<0.05). Therefore, 1.0% STC dietary supplementation can be used as alternatives to antibiotics in duck production.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1284-1288
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• 2009

오징어 정제어유에 대한 부가적인 탈취과정을 통해 고품질의 제품을 생산하기 위하여 유기산의 일종인 citric acid 및 gluconic acid를 이용한 칼럼을 제작하고 여기에 오징어 정제어유를 통과시키는 방법으로 어취제거 실험을 행하였다. 그 결과, citric acid 및 gluconic acid 칼럼 모두에서 우수한 어취제거 효과가 나타났으며, 유기산 1 g과 2 g을 사용한 경우보다 3 g을 사용한 경우에 더 우수한 어취제거 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, citric acid를 사용한 칼럼에서 보다 gluconic acid를 사용한 칼럼에서 더 높은 어취제거 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 한편, 과산화물가(POV) 및 산가(AV)를 측정한 결과, gluconic acid칼럼을 통과한 시료는 미처리 대조군에 비해 약간 높은 수치를 나타냈으며, citric acid 칼럼을 통과한 시료는 미처리 대조군과 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. 결론적으로, gluconic acid 칼럼을 이용한 탈취실험의 경우는 탈취효과는 뛰어난 반면 과산화물가와 산가가 약간 증가하는 결과가 나타났고, citric acid칼럼을 이용한 탈취실험의 경우는 탈취효과는 약간 떨어졌지만 과산화물가와 산가는 미처리 대조군과 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 유기산 칼럼을 이용하여 성공적인 어취제거효과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 어유의 주요 성분 변화는 거의 관찰되지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.226-238
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• 2013

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids because humans cannot synthesize them de novo and must obtain them in their diet. Fish and fish oil are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Significant evidence of the beneficial role of dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids in blood flow has been reported and putative mechanisms for improvement of blood flow include anti-thrombotic effects, lowered blood pressure, improved endothelial function, and anti-atherogenic effects. Edible oils containing omega-3 fatty acids were registered as functional ingredients in the Korea Health Functional Food Code. Although omega-3 fatty acids have been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, periodic re-evaluation may be needed because emerging data related to omega-3 fatty acids have accumulated. Therefore, in this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the effect of omega-3 fatty acids as a functional ingredient in health functional food on improvement of blood flow. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for collection of relevant human studies using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2012. Search keywords were used by combination of terms related to omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 112 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between omega-3 fatty acids and blood flow. Among 112 studies, significant effects on improvement of blood flow were reported in 84 studies and the daily intake amount was ranged from 0.1 to 15 g. According to this methodology of systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between omega-3 fatty acid intake and blood flow. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 미생물 정량시험을 통해 광천 토굴새우젓의 미생물학적인 위해성을 평가하고 일반성분 및 영양성분 분석에 의한 영양적인 평가를 실시하였다. 광천 토굴새우젓의 총호기성균의 평균오염도는 3.48-5.42 $log_{10}CFU/g$이었으며 최고오염치는 추젓-1(5.42 $log_{10}CFU/g$)과 최소오염치는 추젓-2(3.48$log_{10}CFU/g$)에서 나타났다. 대장균군의 평균오염도는 2.22-2.95 $log_{10}CFU/g$의 분포이었으며 총균수와 같은 양상인 최대오염치와 최소오염치를 각각 추젓-1(2.95 $log_{10}CFU/g$)과 추젓-2(2.22 $log_{10}CFU/g$)에서 나타났다. 진균류는 추젓-1, 추젓-2 및 동백하젓에서는 검출되지 않았으며 오젓과 육젓에서 각각 1.99와 1.47 $log_{10}CFU/g$이었다. 식중독균인 S. aureus의 평균오염도는 0.58-2.51 $log_{10}CFU/g$이었으며 추젓-1(2.51 $log_{10}CFU/g$)에서 가장 높았고 추젓-2(0.58 $log_{10}CFU/g$)에서 가장 낮았다. 기타 식중독균인 B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, Vibrio spp.와 대장균은 검출되지 않았다. 일반성분 분석결과 열량과 수분 함량은 동백하젓이 가장 높았고 지방은 추젓-2와 동백하젓이 가장 높았다. 단백질, 아미노태 질소는 동백하젓이, 회분, 탄수화물은 육젓이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 염도는 육젓과 오젓이 다른 종류의 새우젓보다 높았다. 다량무기질 함량은 모두 새우젓의 종류에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었는데(p<0.05) 칼슘, 마그네슘, 칼륨의 함량은 모두 추젓-2에서 가장 높았다. 반면 나트륨은 추젓-2가 $297.97{\pm}1.13\;mg/100\;g$으로 가장 낮게 나타났고 육젓은 $908.12{\pm}9.20\;mg/100\;g$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 미량 무기질 함량 중 철분은 동백하젓이, 구리와 망간 함량은 오젓이, 셀레늄 함량은 추젓-1이 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 아미노산 분석결과 glutamic aicd의 함량이 가장 높게 분석되었고 지방산은 포화지방산 중 팔미트산, 불포화지방산 중 불포화도가 높은 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 광천토굴새우젓은 미생물학적으로 안전하며, 영양학적으로는 무기질 함량이 풍부하고 감칠맛을 내는 아미노산 성분이 함유되어 있으며 혈청지질 감소, 혈관 확장, 혈압강하, 두뇌성장발달에 관여하는 n-3계 지방산인 EPA, DHA의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라의 전통 식품이면서 지역특산물인 광천토굴새우젓은 그 이용가치가 높다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.