• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 1997

One known effect of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is their ability to decrease plasma triglycerides. However, identification of the specific n-3 fatty acids and the underlying mechanisms responsible for this change remains uncertain. This present study was designed to evaluate the effects of moderate levels of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (22 :6(n-3)) on modulating plasma triglyderides. Male CD-1 mice were maintained for 15 days on identical diets containing either docosahexahexaenoic acid ethyl ester(1.5%, w/w) or linoleic acid(18 : 2(n-6)) ethyl ester (1.5%, w/w) . Plasma triglycerides were 40% lower in the docosahexaenoic acid group than in the linoleic acid group. Hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity (a key regulatory enzyme for mitocondria $\beta$-oxidation) was not significantly different between the dietary groups. However, plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine levels (which increase with increasing $\beta$-oxidation )were significantly higher in the decosahexaenoic acid group. This data suggests that plasma triglyceride levels are lower in mice fed diets containing moderate levels of docosahexaenoic acid compared to linoleic acid, but this effect on plasma triglycerides is not modulated through an augmentation of mitochondrial $\beta$-oxidation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.493-495
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• 1999

Eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6) acids of gull eggs were analyzed and the results are summarized as follows: 1. EPA and DHA were 2.25% and 4.35% in the total fatty acid of gull eggs. 2. Triglyceride fractions in the fatty acids had 0.56% in EPA and 1.59% DHA. 3. Diglyceride fractions contained 1.10% EPA and 1.97% DHA. 4. Phospholipid fractions had the most abundant amounts of 4.26% EPA and 8.13% DHA.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2014

Both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) have attracted increasing attention since the first epidemiological report on the importance of n-3 essential fatty acids. Lipids in microbial cells play various biological roles and, consequently, much research has been carried out on their role in cell physiology. The lipid composition of microorganisms can exhibit considerable variations depending on environment. The effects of culture conditions, temperature (15, 20, 24, 28, 32 and $36^{\circ}C$), salinity (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 psu), pH (pH5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), rotation speeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 rpm), carbon sources, nitrogen sources and C/N ratio on the production of docosahexaenoic acid, fatty-acid profiles, and acids secreted to the broth culture by the oleaginous microorganism, Schizochytrium mangrovei (KCTC 11117BP), were studied. Temperature (initially $28^{\circ}C$), salinity (20 psu), pH (pH7), rotation speeds (100 rpm), organism fatty acids, and secreted acids in the broth were varied during cultivation of S. mangrovei. At pH 7.0, S. mangrovei was able to accumulate lipids up to 40% of its biomass, with 13% (w/w) DHA content. The monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and yeast extract were suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The primary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid produced was docosahexaenoic acid.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.231-242
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• 1995

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) increases the activity of acetylchohnesterase and decreases in brain acetylcholine levels. A large amount of free fatty acids accumulated in the brain tissue affects cerebral blood flow, brain edema and inflammation and results in brain injury. The present study examined the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and D,L-pyroglutamic acid (D,L-PCA) on the learning and memory deficit using the passive avoidance failure technique and on the change of acetylcholine and choline level in the cerebral cortex of ECS-induced mice. The application of ECS (25mA, 0.5sec) induced a significant decrease in memory function for 30 min. ECS-induced a significant decrease in cortical acetylcholine and choline levels 1 min following the ECS application, which were almost recovered to ECS control level after 30 min. DHA (20 mg/kg, i.p.). administered 24 hr before shock. prevented the ECS-induced passive avoidance failure and the decrease of acetylcholine level 1 min following the ECS application. DHA failed to elicit a change in cortical choline level. DHA did not affect memory function and the cortical Ach and choline level of normal mice. The administration of D,L-PCA (500 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the effect of DHA on memory function and the change of cortical acetylcholine level of ECS induced mice. These results suggest that DHA treatment may be contributed to the prevention against memory deficit, and to the activation of cholinergic system in the ECS induced mice.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 1994

In order to investigate of the Influence of $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ on ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid converted into the eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) forming in plasma lipid and in liver microsomes of rabbit, the animals were fed on the perila oil rich ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid or sardine oil rich EPA and DBA diet for 4 weeks were examined. In plasma, liver lipid, $Mg^{2+}$ was influenced on arachidonic acid(AA), EPA, DHA formative from ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid in perilla oil, but stearic acid was increased, $Ca^{2+}$ was Influenced on stearic acid increased and DHA was decreased. In phospholipid, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ was influenced on stearic acid increased and DHA was decreased in perilla oil.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2012

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the major polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the brain and a structural component of neuronal membranes. Changes in DHA content of neuronal membranes lead to functional changes in the activity of receptors and other proteins which might be associated with synaptic function. Accumulating evidence suggests the beneficial effects of dietary DHA supplementation on neurotransmission. This article reviews the beneficial effects of DHA on the brain; uptake, incorporation and release of DHA at synapses, effects of DHA on synapses, effects of DHA on neurotransmitters, DHA metabolites, and changes in DHA with age. Further studies to better understand the metabolome of DHA could result in more effective use of this molecule for treatment of neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.944-947
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• 1997

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich oil was obtained from blue fin tuna (Thunnus thynnus orientalis) orbital tissue with centrifugation of 12,000 rpm under vaccum $(10^{-1}\;Torr)\;at\;4^{\circ}C$. The effect of DHA rich oil (DHA content; $27.8\%$) on $CCl_4-induced$ acute injury was investigated biochemically and histopathologically. Dosage of DHA rich oil on 24h before $ CCl_4-administration$ prevented significantly the increase of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GTP) values. No necrosis of hepatocytes was observed in rat livers treated with DHA oil on 24h prior to $CCl_4-administration$. These results suggested that DHA oil controls the accumulation of fat in the liver and prevented the liver injury.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.358-360
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• 1996

Solvent extraction, soxhlet method, and supercritical fluid extracion were considered, respectively, as the method of choice for the recovery of DHA from lyophilized Thraustochitrium sp., and the results of corresponding extraction were compared. Supercritical fluid extraction seems to be the most appropriate process with respect to time, process simplicity, and extractant intoxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

This investigation on the composition of fatty acids of hempseed through gas -chromatography analysis found the follwing results. Myristic acid and other ten materials were detected. And there was mainly composed of myristic acid 29.4%, Palmitoleic acid 16.2%, linoleic acid 14.9%, oleic acid 12.4%. It also showed that heptadecanoic acid 10.8%, erucic acid 0.5%, docosahexaenoic acid 0.3% and essential fatty acid were contained 11.9% between them. As stearic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid made lower cholesterol level in body, they will help prevention of senile disease with the oil d hemp seed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2003

The effect studied was that of the feeding of shrimp by-product meal, as a source of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, on growth performance and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in growing pigs kept on small holdings in Central Vietnam. Shrimp by-product meal was exchanged with ruminant meal so that the diets contained either 0, 10 or 20% shrimp byproduct meal in the dry matter. The diets were fed on 6 different small-holder farms. The farmers fed a base diet according to their personal choice, but were instructed as to the use of shrimp by-product and ruminant meal. The diets were fed to the pigs from 70 to 126 days of age. There were three animals per treatment group per farm. The diets without and with 20% shrimp by-product meal on average contained 0.01 and 0.14 g docosahexaenoic acid/MJ of metabolisable energy (ME). Due to the higher contents of ash and crude fiber, the shrimp by-product meal containing diets had lower energy densities than the control diets. Eicosapentaenoic acid was not detectable in adipose tissue; the content of docosahexaenoic acid was generally increased after consumption of shrimp by-product meal. In spite of the concurrent high intakes of ash and crude fiber, the feeding of shrimp by-product meal had a general stimulatory effect on growth performance of the growing pigs. The intake of docosahexaenoic acid or its content in adipose tissue was not related with average daily gain. It is suggested that shrimp by-product meal may contain an unknown growth enhancing factor.