• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.19-46
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• 2013

This paper aims to show the learning process and the educational effects of Divide-and-Combine principles and State Models, which are included in the Butterfly Model for creative problem solving. In our State Models, there are Time State Model, Space State Model, and Whole-Parts State Model. We have taught middle school students (for 18 hours), high school students (for 24 hours), and undergraduate students (for 1 semester) about our proposed Models when they solved contradiction problems. Also, we have made the students learn our contradiction resolution algorithms by themselves based on team-based discussion. By learning and by using our Models, the students had the higher level of expertise in contradiction problems and had the growth mindset that made them have confidence in themselves and kept them challenging themselves about problems. Also, learning and solving with our Models improved the students' growth mindset as well as their problem-solving ability.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.45-66
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• 2006

The public library is the local centre of information, the gateway to knowledge. Based on these identities, the public libraries should provide a basic condition for lifelong learning, cultural activities, and. information literacy skills of the individual and social groups. The purpose of this paper is to reflect the lifelong learning activities of public libraries and suggest it's directions in Korea. The lifelong learning of public libraries for the future needs to focus on a closer connection with library core competences, supporting information literacy, reducing and bridging the digital divide for individuals with disabilities and the aged.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

A CMOS frequency synthesizer block for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ultra-wideband systems is proposed. The proposed frequency synthesizer adopts a double-conversion architecture for simplicity and to mitigate spur suppression requirements for out-of-band interferers in 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Moreover, the frequency synthesizer can consist of the fewest nonlinear components, such as divide-by-Ns and a mixer with the proposed frequency plan, leading to the generation of less spurs. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed idea, the frequency synthesizer block is implemented in 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The measured sideband suppression ratio is about 32 dBc, and the phase noise is -105 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz. The fabricated chip consumes 17.6 mA from a 1.8 V supply, and the die-area including pads is $0.9{\times}1.1\;mm^2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2005

A frequency synthesizer of 10 GHz ${\sim}$ 11 GHz for FMCW radar is designed and implemented by the form of indirect frequency synthesizer of a single loop structure. The synthesizer uses a high speed digital PLL chip. It is difficult to divide directly by using a program counter of PLL chip because the output frequency of VCO is 10 GHz ${\sim}$ 11 GHz, so we lower the frequency to 625 MHz ${\sim}$ 687.5 MHz by using a prescaler, and then divide the frequency by the program counter. The output frequency sweep of VCO from 10 GHz to 11 GHz is measured.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3534-3549
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• 2020

The traditional method of smoke image recognition has low accuracy. For this reason, we proposed an algorithm based on the good group of IMFOA which is GMFOA to optimize the parameters of SVM. Firstly, we divide the motion region by combining the three-frame difference algorithm and the ViBe algorithm. Then, we divide it into several parts and extract the histogram of oriented gradient and volume local binary patterns of each part. Finally, we use the GMFOA to optimize the parameters of SVM and multiple kernel learning algorithms to Classify smoke images. The experimental results show that the classification ability of our method is better than other methods, and it can better adapt to the complex environmental conditions.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.216-226
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• 2005

Pb-Free Technology was born with environmental problems of electronic component, Being connected by big and small project of every country. Also, in each country environment is connected and various standards of IEC, ISO, MIL, JIS, KS, JEDEC, EIAJ etc. All products can divide at solder part and finishing part These can tested each and synthetically divide. This research is reliability evaluation for three kind of ph-free SnCu solder plating solution and it's deposit. First, executed analysis about Pure Sn, SnCu solutions and plating surface by way similar to other plating solution analysis. Next, executed reliability about test method and equipment for reliable analyzer system construction. Next, data comparison and estimation, main estimation test method and item's choice. In this paper the systematic surface analysis and reliability for plating solutions and it's deposit in metal surface finishing processes could be shown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.155-162
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• 2007

In this study, we explore the polysemy of da3 through the ontological conceptual structure found in SUMO. First, we divide several different senses for da3, clustering physical event senses and metaphorical event senses. In here, we only focus on physical event senses of da3. From the physical event senses of da3, we divide them into two main categories: 1) hit and 2) pump. We then use SUMO ontological concepts to identify these physical senses. Finally, we can observe the common patterns of the "hit" sense group and the "pump" sense group for da3.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

In this study, we propose a scheduling analysis method of the Flexible management system using the transitive matrix. The Scheduling problem is a combination-optimization problem basically, and a complexity is increased exponentially for a size of the problem. To reduce an increase of a complexity, we define that the basic unit of concurrency (short BUC) is a set of control flows based on behavioral properties in the net. And we propose an algorithm to divide original system into some BUC. To sum up, we divide a petri net model of the Flexible management system Into the basic unit of concurrency through the division algorithm using the transitive matrix. Then we apply it to the division-scheduling algorithm to find an efficient scheduling. Finally, we verify its efficiency with an example.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.105-127
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• 2013

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become a vital instrument for delivering a number of services such as education, healthcare and public services. Community wireless networks are community-centric telecommunication infrastructure developed to provide affordable communication for those who live in remote areas. This chapter discusses the role of Nepal Wireless in achieving socio economic development of rural communities by facilitating affordable Internet access. We analyze the challenges Nepal Wireless faced and articulate on the approaches it took to address those challenges such as lack of technical skills, appropriate technology and funding, difficult geographical terrains, unstable political situation, and expensive devices. In addition, we address the success and failure factors of this community-based ICT4D approach in order to guide similar endeavors. We conclude the chapter by some suggestions for policy makers, community developers, and academicians.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.59-72
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• 2001

In this paper, we experimented with speaker change detection that uses a statistical method for NOD (News On Demand) service. A specified speaker's change can find out content of each data in speech if analysed because it means change of data contents in news data. Speaker change detection acts as preprocessor that divide input speech by speaker. This is an important preprocessor phase for speaker tracking. We detected speaker change using GLR(generalized likelihood ratio) distance base division and BIC (Bayesian information criterion) base division among matrix method. An experiment verified speaker change point using BIC base division after divide by speaker unit using GLR distance base method first. In the experimental result, FAR (False Alarm Rate) was 63.29 in high noise environment and FAR was 54.28 in low noise environment in MDR (Missed Detection Rate) 15% neighborhood.