• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.298-310
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• 1976

A clinical analysis was performed on 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases experienced at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during 20 year period from 1957 to 1976. Of 118 cases of the benign esophageal diseases, there were 84 patients of esophagenal stenosis, 14 of esophageal perforation, 8 of esophageal atresia, 7 of achalasia, 2 of hiatal hernia, 2 of esophageal foreign body and one of esophageal diverticulum. Fifty-one patients were male and sixty-seven were female, and ages ranged from one day to sixty-four years with peak incidence in the age group of 20 to 29 years. All but one of the esophageal stenosis were caused by corrosive esophagitis and ages ranged from three to sixty-four years with peak incidence in third decade. Main symptoms of the esophageal stenosis were dysphagia, weight loss and chest pain in order and mostly began between one month and one year after ingestion of corrosive agents. Corrosive esophageal stenosis developed most frequently in middle one-third of the esophagus and about one-forth of them were diffuse. Operations were performed on 72 patients of esophageal stenosis of whom 26 patients had esophagocologastrostomy, 21 gastrostomy, 20 esophagogastrostomy, 4 esophagojejunogastrostomy and 2 pharyngogastrostomy. There were 5 deaths in the postoperative period, an operative mortality of 6.9 percent, and 20 patients had one or two complications; eight were anastomotic leaks, 6 gangrenes of replaced loop, 4 wound abscesses and others. The causes of the esophageal perforation were traumatic in 7 cases, caustics in 4 and spontaneous in 3, and the most frequent site of the perforation was lower one-third of the esophagus. Frequent symptoms of the esophageal perforation were pain, fever, dysphagia and dyspnea, and preoperatively there were mediastinitis in 8 cases, empyema in 7, lung abscess in 3 and others. All 14 patients of the esophageal perforation underwent operation: primary closure in 7 cases, drainage in 4, esophagogastrostomy in 2 and 'esophageal diversion in one. There were 4 postoperative deaths and 11 postoperative complications occurred in 7 patients. The duration of symptoms in achalasia was between 3 months and 25 years, with an average duration of 6. 2 years. Frequent symptoms of the achlasia esophagi were dysphagia, regurgitation, pain and weight loss in order. All 7 patients of achlasia underwent modified Heller's operation where 2 patients had complications, restenosis in one and esophageal perforation in another. All 8 patients of congenital esophageal atresia had distal tracheoesophageal fistula and were admitted within 5 days of life, but there were pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray in patients. Five patients underwent one staged operation with the result of 2 deaths and one anastomotic leak.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1069-1082
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• 2003

청도천의 건천화 구간에 내하여 원인을 분석하였다. 분석 방법으로서 이수시설물의 현장조사를 수행하였고, 유량측정 결과와 유역 유출 연속모의 결과를 비교하였다. 여러 건천구간을 쉽게 구분하기 위한 시도로서 위성영상도 이용하였다. 농업용 저수지는 평상시 유출을 차단하고 있다. 그리고 용수로에 물을 공급하여 하천수량을 감소시킨다. 보를 이용한 하천수 취수도 건천화의 원인이다. 특히 까막촌 집수암거는 수백 m의 하천구간을 완전히 마르게 하는 원인이다. 측정된 유량은, 수문순환의 변형이 없는 것으로 가정한 연속모의 결과보다 작았고 이로부터 건천화가 진행되었음을 추측할 수 있었다. 해상도 6.6 m의 KOMPSAT 영상으로 여러 곳의 건천화 의심구간을 실내 작업으로 구분할 수 있었다. 현장답사를 통해 확인한 결과 이들 구간에는 모두 집수암거가 설치되어 있었다. 연구결과는 전원하천의 건천화 원인분석 사례로 참고될 수 있다. 가격이 저렴한 KOMPSAT 영상은 건천화 의심구간 파악을 위한 사전정보로 이용될 수 있다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2011

북한강 수계의 경우 북한이 임남댐을 개발하여 유역변경식으로 물을 이용하고 있어 하류지역에서 여러 가지 문제가 나타나고 있다. 따라서 남 북한이 공유하천을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 수량이나 수질 등 다양한 분야에서의 협력이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 그러나 남 북공유하천에서 상 하류국가간 물이용의 공평성을 실현하기 위한 노력은 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 남북공유하천의 공평한 물이용의 판단기준이 되는 수리권을 검토하기 위해 북한의 임남댐에 의한 영향을 주요 분야별로 심도 있게 분석하였다. 분석결과, 한강유역의 용수공급은 1978년을 이수안전도 평가를 위한 기준갈수년으로 할 경우 임남댐으로 인해 379백만$m^3$/년의 공급부족이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 한강 수계의 발전용댐도 유입량 감소로 인하여 연간발전량이 234GWh/년 감소하게 되었고, 수질은 북한강 삼봉리 지점 기준 BOD 약 0.065 ppm 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 결과적으로 남북공유하천에서 북한의 절대영토주권주의에 입각한 불공평한 수자원 이용은 하류국가인 남한에 직 간접적으로 상당한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs for exercise of adult inpatients and ultimately to provide basic data for planning nursing intervention of patients who need exercise. The tool used for this study was a structured questionnaire which consisted of 42 items. The test items were classified into seven factors. The seven factors of the needs for exercise were need for achievement, need for activity, need for affiliation, need for autonomy, need for catharsis, need for homeostasis, and need for exhibition. Subjects of this study were 127 patients in two general hospitals in Seoul, and one general hospital in Chun Ann City. The needs of exercise were identified and the data were analyzed by gender, age, occupation, education level, monthly income, size of patient room, patient group who requires exercise and the other patient group who requires bed rest, using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe test as post-hoc. The findings of this study were as follows ; 1) Among the needs for exercise of adult patients, the highest level of the needs was the need for homeostasis. The next highest was the need for achievement, then need for activity, need for catharsis, need for autonomy, need for affiliation, and the lowest was the need for exhibition. 2) Maintaining physical fitness stood first in the need for homeostasis, relieving psychological and physical powerlessness in the need for activity, mood diversion in the need for catharsis, happiness of the family in the need for affiliation, maintaining the balanced body figure in the need for exhibition, practicing planned life in the need for achievement, and improving the ability to overcome the crisis in the need for autonomy. 3) Male patients exhibited the higher level of the needs than female patients in all factors except the need for exhibition and homeostasis. 4) There was no statistical difference in the needs between age, occupation, monthly income, and the size of patient room. 5) The need for achievement was high as the level of education goes higher. 6) The patients who performed regular exercise before admission had higher needs for activity, achievement, and autonomy, compared with the patients who did not perform the regular exercise before admission. 7) There was no statistical difference in the needs between patient group who requires exercise and the other patient group who requires bed rest. The need for homeostasis was the highest in both groups. The results from this study suggest that the need for exercise of adult inpatients should be assessed before planning exercise intervention.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국과 싱가포르, 인도, 미국의 자유무역협정(FTA) 발효로 인한 양자간 교역증진효과를 통계적으로 비교 분석하고자 한다. 다수의 선행연구에서 양자간 교역 증대효과 추정시 활용된 중력모형(Gravity)을 기본 방법론으로 패널분석(Panel analysis)을 통해 한국과 FTA 발효국(싱가포르, 인도, 미국)을 효과집단으로, 미발효국은 통제집단으로 구분하여 총 20년의 기간을 설정하여 FTA 발효의 순수효과를 추정하였다. 자유무역협정의 교역증대효과 분석을 위해 우리나라와 FTA가 발효된 3개 국가(효과집단)와 2015년 기준 우리나라 벌크물동량 교역 상위 90%의 비중을 차지하는 27개 국가(통제집단)의 횡단면 및 시계열로 구성된 패널자료를 사용하였다. 분석 결과 FTA 발효는 우리나라 벌크물동량 증대에 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 특히 본 연구의 대상국가인 싱가포르, 인도, 미국과는 자유무역협정 발효로 인한 무역창출효과가 발생하였고 ASEAN 및 NAFTA+3의 경우 무역전환효과가 발생하였다. 한편 자유무역협정 이외의 GDP, 1인당 GDP 변수는 벌크물동량과 정(正)의 효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 거리 변수는 물동량과 부(負)의 효과를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 국가별 패널자료 분석 결과 하우스만 검정 및 LR검정을 시행하였으며, 고정효과모형이 임의효과모형보다 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2020

Recently, the overseas construction market has been actively promoted for about 10 years, and overseas dam construction has been continuously performed. For the economic and safe construction of the dam, it is important to prepare the main dam construction plan considering the design frequency of the diversion tunnel and the cofferdam. In this respect, the prediction of river level during the rainy season is significant. Since most of the overseas dam construction sites are located in areas with poor infrastructure, the most efficient and economic method to predict the water level in dam construction is to use the upstream water level. In this study, a linear regression model, which is one of the simplest statistical methods, was proposed and examined to predict the downstream level from the upstream level. The Pyeongchang River basin, which has the characteristics of the upper stream (mountain stream), was selected as the target site and the observed water level in Pyeongchang and Panwoon gaging station were used. A regression equation was developed using the water level data set from August 22th to 27th, 2017, and its applicability was tested using the water level data set from August 28th to September 1st, 2018. The dependent variable was selected as the "level difference between two stations," and the independent variable was selected as "the level of water level in Pyeongchang station two hours ago" and the "water level change rate in Pyeongchang station (m/hr)". In addition, the accuracy of the developed equation was checked by using the regression statistics of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Adjusted Coefficient of Determination (ACD), and Nach Sutcliffe efficiency Coefficient (NSEC). As a result, the statistical value of the linear regression model was very high, so the downstream water level prediction using the upstream water level was examined in a highly reliable way. In addition, the results of the application of the water level change rate (m/hr) to the regression equation show that although the increase of the statistical value is not large, it is effective to reduce the water level error in the rapid level rise section. Accordingly, this is a significant advantage in estimating the evacuation water level during main dam construction to secure safety in construction site.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2004

본 논문은 재건축 및 재개발 사업 등의 증가로 인해 건설폐기물 발생량이 지속적인 증가에 따른 국내의 건설폐기물 발생 및 건설현장에서의 처리 실태 및 선진 외국의 사례 등 관련 자료를 종합적으로 비교 검토 함으로서 보다 효율적인 건설 폐기물 재활용 촉진 및 관리 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 국내 건설폐기물 발생량은 1996년 1천만톤에서 2002년 4천 3백만톤으로 약 4배 증가하였으며, 그 중 콘크리트가 차지하는 비중이 60.4%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 건설폐기물 처리 방법별로는 매립이 14.5%, 소각이 2.0%, 재활용이 83.4%등으로 나타났다. 따라서, 건설폐기물 적정처리 및 재활용 촉진을 위한 방안으로는 재활용 우수 업체에 대하여 인센티브의 강화와 재생골재 품질 기준 및 이물질 함유량 규정에 대한 개선이 시급한 실정이다. 또한, 중간처리 시설에 대한 재생골재의 시설 기준 강화 및 품질 인증 제도의 도입, 재생골재의 중간 유통 기지 건설과 마지막으로 건설폐기물 관련 법규 및 제도와 각종 지침에 대한 교육이 필수적이라 하겠다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2014

본 연구는 수소가스 생산을 위한 brown water(소변을 제외한 대변 + 대변세척수 6 L)의 혐기성 소화 시, 음식물쓰레기 혼합 효과를 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. brown water와 음식물쓰레기의 적절한 혼합 비율을 찾기 위해 회분식 실험이 수행되었고, 도출된 결과는 연속운전 세미파일럿 규모 brown water의 혐기성 소화장치의 실험에 적용되었다. 회분식 실험에서 70%의 음식물쓰레기와 30%의 brown water을 혼합하였을 때 $6.92mmol\;H_2/g\;COD_{removed}$의 최대 수소생산수율을 나타내었다. 동일한 혼합비율로 투입한 음식물쓰레기 및 brown water의 세미파일럿 규모 혐기성 소화조를 운전하였을 때, 반응조 내부에서 수소생산의 중간산물인 butyric acid의 현저한 증가를 보였다. 이 때 수소 생산의 지표인 B/P (butyrate/propionate) 비는 52.64로 나타났고, 수소생산수율은 최대 $25.03mmol\;H_2/g\;COD_{removed}$로 나타났다. 이상의 실험적 연구결과 brown water의 혐기성 수소발효에서 음식물쓰레기의 혼합은 수소발생을 촉진하기 위한 좋은 대안임을 확인하였다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.15-39
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• 2007

모바일게임은 새로운 수익원의 창출과 무선 애플리케이션 및 서비스의 제공이라는 잠재적 이점을 제공하는 혁신적인 엔터테인먼트 기술로 떠오르고 있으며, 다른 형태의 컴퓨터게임과 같이 가상세계의 흥미로운 디지털 경험을 줌으로써 독특한 가치를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모바일 게이머의 게임 이용 동기를 기반으로 게이머를 분류하고, 분류된 게이머 집단에 대해 인구통계 속성과 모바일게임 이용 형태 및 게임 이용 시간의 차이를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 통계적 검증 결과 나이, 성, 모바일 단말기, 모바일 게임 경험 및 선호하는 게임 방식에 따라 게임 이용시간에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 게임 이용 동기를 설명할 수 있는 변수에 대한 설문조사 결과를 요인분석한 결과 탈출, 사회적 상호작용, 경쟁/도전감, 환상감/각성, 접근 용이성이라는 모바일게임 이용 동기를 도출했으며, 이러한 동기요인을 중심으로 군집분석을 수행하여 멀티게이머(Multi-gamers), 커뮤니케이션 중심 게이머(Communication-focused gamers), 모바일 액티브게이머(Mobile active-gamers)라는 3개의 게이머 집단을 구분하였다. 이들 집단 간의 모바일게임 이용 특성과 모바일 단말기 이용 현황 및 사회 경제적 변수에 대한 특성을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 발견하였다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.447-460
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• 2001

The purpose of this study were to identify a relationship between symptom of health and fatigue-regulation behavior in middle-aged women. The subjects were 241 women living in Seoul and near the city, ranging in ages of 30-59(mean= 42.1 years) being interviewed during the month of Oct. to Dec., 2000. The following questionnaires were utilized in this study: a self reported symptom of health and a fatigue-regulation behavior scale originated from Kwon(1997). The analysis for the data was done by SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows 1. Total mean scores of health status were shown 29.1, physical symptom 17.9 and psychological symptom 11.2. According to symptom of body system were higher in muscular-skeletal sympom 5.5, neurologic symptom 3.5, and digestive symptom 2.7. 2. The mean scores of symptom of health were significantly different in duraion of marriage, status of menstruation, perceived fatigue, perceived cause of fatigue, perceived help of family, hours of sleep. Physical symptom was significantly different in years of educational, status of menstruation, perceived fatigue, perceived cause of fatigue, perceived help of family, hours of sleep. Psychological symptom was significantly different in parity, whether or not having past illness, perceived fatigue. 3. The neurologic symptom was significantly different in years of education, status of menstruation, perceived fatigue, time to rest The respiratory symptom was significantly different in years of education, status of menstruation and hours of physical exercise. The muscular-skeletal symptom was significantly different duration of marriage, status of menstruation, BMI. perceived fatigue, perceived cause of fatigue, perceived help of family. The cardiovascular symptom was significantly different in whether or not having religion, number of children, duration of marriage, number of pregnancy & abortion, parity, status of menstruation, BMI. The digestive symptom was significantly different in whether or not having religion and the number of children. The urologic symptom was significantly different in whether or not having job, type of family, status of menstruation, BMI, perceived fatigue, perceived cause of fatigue, perceived help of family. The score of fatigue was significantly different in number of pregnancy. 4. There were significantly positive relationships in the area of symptom on health, especially fatigue was significantly positive relationships in score of symptom of health, physical symptom and psychological symptom. 5. They choose fatigue-regulation behavior physical rest, method of diversion, management of stress, enough sleep, and psychological rest in order. In the near future, it is required that further studies investigate socio-environmental factors related to symptoms of health and develop programs motivating fatigue-regulation behaviors actively.