• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2019

Objectives: Many studies have explored the relationship between short-term weather and its health effects (including pneumonia) based on mortality, although both morbidity and mortality pose a substantial burden. In this study, the authors aimed to describe the influence of meteorological factors on the number of emergency room (ER) visits due to pneumonia in Seoul, Korea. Methods: Daily records of ER visits for pneumonia over a 6-year period (2009-2014) were collected from the National Emergency Department Information System. Corresponding meteorological data were obtained from the National Climate Data Service System. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the effects. The percent change in the relative risk of certain meteorological variables, including pneumonia temperature (defined as the change in average temperature from one day to the next), were estimated for specific age groups. Results: A total of 217 776 ER visits for pneumonia were identified. The additional risk associated with a $1^{\circ}C$ increase in pneumonia temperature above the threshold of $6^{\circ}C$ was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37 to 2.61). Average temperature and diurnal temperature range, representing within-day temperature variance, showed protective effects of 0.07 (95% CI, 0.92 to 0.93) and 0.04 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), respectively. However, in the elderly (65+ years), the effect of pneumonia temperature was inconclusive, and the directionality of the effects of average temperature and diurnal temperature range differed. Conclusions: The term 'pneumonia temperature' is valid. Pneumonia temperature was associated with an increased risk of ER visits for pneumonia, while warm average temperatures and large diurnal temperature ranges showed protective effects.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1497-1500
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• 2006

The cooling effect of paddy fields was compared with those of other land-use areas (upland, urban park, and urban residential area) during midsummer. The temperature were monitored using data logger at one hour intervals in study sites. Diurnal temperature range of study areas in clear days was larger than in cloudy days. Also, diurnal temperature ranges in paddy field, upland, and park areas were larger than those in the urban residential area during clear days. The paddy field or upland area has shown more remarkable cooling effect compared to urban residential areas: Mean duration of temperature below $25^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field area is longer(7 to 8 hours) than in the residential area; The time to fall to below $25^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field area is sooner than in the residential area; Mean daily minimum temperature in the paddy field area is much lower than in the residential area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.240-245
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• 1993

This study was conducted with ginseng plants to investigate photosynthetic response to changes of light intensity and leaf temperature. $CO_2$ uptake in diurnal course was highest in the first phase (8 00~5 : 30 Am.) on May 30, 1992. In $CO_2$ uptake related to stomatal conductance, these relationship was synchronized in diurnal course, but relationship between TEX>$CO_2$ uptake and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration in diurnal course was synchronized oppositely. Leaf temperature and light intensity at the highest $CO_2$ uptake were in the range of 23~$24^{\circ}C$) and 95$\mu$mol.$m^{-2}$.$s^{-1}$), $CO_2$ , respectively. In response to an increasing light intensity under a constant leaf temperature ($18^{\circ}C$), $CO_2$ uptake was increased throughout the light intensity sequence up to 250$\mu$mol.$m^{-2}$.$s^{-1}$), $CO_2$ When $CO_2$ uptake was measured with a series of leaf temperature under a constant light intensity (250 $\mu$mol.$m^{-2}$.$s^{-1}$), $CO_2$ uptake was highest at $18^{\circ}C$ as a 4.1$\mu$mol.$m^{-2}$.$s^{-1}$), $CO_2$ . Similar changes were also observed in stomatal conductance and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration. Evidences from several approaches indicate that synchronization of $CO_2$ uptake, stomatal conductance and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration were closely inter-related and changes of leaf temperature iuluenced the photo-response in photosynthetic processes.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.21-25
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• 2009

This study is about heat island as one of the urban climate variation factors in urbanized modern society, which compared and observed the thermal characteristics both the downtown location and the outskirt site in summer. The diurnal air temperature range at each point is $12.6^{\circ}C$ in the downtown location and $14.3^{\circ}C$ in the outskirt site, so, it was found that the diurnal air temperature range in the outskirt site was $1.7^{\circ}C$ higher than in the downtown location. There was 20 minutes difference to reach the highest temperature between globe temperature and air temperature in the downtown location, however, the time spent to reach the highest temperature between globe temperature and air temperature in the outskirt site was the same. When we compared the globe temperature between the downtown location and outskirt site, we found that the temperature in the outskirt site was lower than in the downtown location after sunset due to the sudden temperature drops, although the exposed time to insolation in the outskirt site is longer. The average of globe temperature difference on the sample days was $1.1^{\circ}C$, the average of surface temperature difference on the sample days was $1.0^{\circ}C$, and the average of air temperature difference on the sample days was $2.0^{\circ}C$ Thus, it was found that the average of air temperature difference was higher than the average of globe temperature and the average of surface temperature. The result of this study is that the urban environment factors have more effect on the air temperature difference than globe temperature and surface temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.304-307
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• 1997

Rectal temperature (Tr), skin surface temperatures (Ts), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously from birth (day 1) till day 7, while resting heat production (HP) was measured in a chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7, in order to study the characteristic variation of Tr in newborn calves by heat balance methods. Despite constant levels of milk being given to the newborn calves each day, daily mean resting HP was lowest on the day of birth, then increased to peak on day 3 and then decreased slightly thereafter. Daily mean HR was higher on days 2, 3 and 4, than on other days. Tr exhibited diurnal rhythms and daily mean Tr was low on day 1, high on day 3, and then decreased slightly after day 3. Daily average mean skin temperature (mTs) was similar on all days. Mean body temperature (Tb) exhibited diurnal rhythms and had a similar range between days, suggesting that heat balance and thermoregulation were carried out effectively on each day. The variation of Tb appeared to be synchronized with that of HP and suggested that newborn calves might use variations in the levels of Tb to facilitate the body's required levels of heart loss.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2012

Objectives: We investigated the effects of air pollution on allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis) in metropolitan cities in Korea, adjusting for meteorological factors. Methods: Data on daily hospital visits and hospital admissions for 2003-2010 was obtained from the National Health Insurance Cooperation. Meteorological data was obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. We then calculated daily mean temperature, daily mean humidity, daily mean air pressure at sea level, and diurnal temperature range. We used data on air pollution provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research. Maximum daily eight-hour average ozone concentrations and the daily mean $PM_{10}$ were used. We estimated excess risk and 95% confidence interval for the increasing interquatile range (IQR) of each air pollutant using Generalized Additive Models (GAM) that appropriate for time series analysis. Results: In this study, we observed an association between ozone and hospital visits for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in all metropolitan cities, adjusting for temperature, humidity, air pressure at sea level, diurnal temperature range, and day of the week. Ozone was associated with hospital visits for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis across all metropolitan cities. However $PM_{10}$ was associated with allergic-related diseases in only select cities. Also, ozone and $PM_{10}$ were associated with hospital admission for asthma in all cities except Gwangju. Hospitalization for the other diseases failed to show consistent association with air pollutants. Conclusion: In the findings of this study, there was a significant association between air pollutants and allergic-related diseases. More detailed research subdivided age group or conducting meta-analyses combining data of all cities is required.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

경계층 내에서는 일중 시간대에 따라 기온감률의 변이가 크므로, 복잡지형의 기온분포 추정에 흔히 사용되는 표준기온감률보다 현실성 있는 매시 기온감률 추정 방법을 고안하였다. 이 방법에서는 기온 경시변동의 장기간 평균을 기준으로 하되, 표준등압면 1000-925hPa 층위의 기온감률을 이용하여 기온감률 표준곡선을 작성하고, 여기에 매시 운량에 따라 보정된 기온감률이 모의된다. 신뢰성 검증을 위해 대관령 지역에 적용하여 10개월 간 매시 기온감률을 추정하고 그 결과를 초음파 기온프로파일러로부터 얻은 지상 500-600m 층위 실측 기온감률과 비교한 결과, ME $-0.0001^{\circ}C/m$, RMSE $0.0024^{\circ}C/m$였다. 이 방법을 지상 1.5m에서 측정되는 산사면의 고도별 기온감률 추정에 적용할 수 있는지 확인하기 위해 복잡지형인 '하동2수위표' 표준유역의 313-401m 고도구간 매시 기온감률을 계산하였다. 해당 유역 산사면 여러 지점으로부터 실측기온을 얻어 기온감률을 구한 다음 추정값과 비교한 결과 대관령의 연직 프로파일에 비해 오차가 컸지만 하늘상태에 따른 일중 기온감률의 변동경향은 이 방법에 의해 모의할 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.514-519
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• 2012

전라남도 완도 연안 해역은 전복양식이 중요하고 최근 해상가두리 양식이 보편화되어 전복사육과 폐사에 중요한 수온의 변동을 이해할 필요가 있다. 완도해역에 위치한 신지도, 청산도의 2005년부터 2009년까지 연속자동관측 수온자료를 이용하여 완도 양식장 해역의 수온 변동 특성을 분석하였다. 연안에 가까운 신지도의 연간 수온변동 범위와 수온증가율이 청산도에 비해 크게 나타났으며, 수심이 낮은 연안 해역에서 하계 태양복사열에 의한 가열과 동계의 냉각에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 추계의 수온 감소율이 춘계의 상승률보다 컸고, 하계에 조석 주기의 단주기 수온변동이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 급격한 수온변화에 해당하는 큰 수온일교차는 청산도에서 크게 나타났다. 수온 자료로 판단한 전복양식장은 외해에 위치한 청산도가 연안보다 더 적절한 해역으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2002

The growth and extent of the local pressure field at any point is of primary importance as it supplies the driving force for the local wind circulation which causes a medium-range transport of air pollutants. The local pressure field is produced by the variation of temperature in the lower layers of the atmosphere, and is called the thermal wave. The thermal wave is influenced by the difference in the diurnal variations between two regions with different surface condition, for example land and sea. This difference produces the land- and sea-breeze phenomenon, and brings corresponding variations in the form of the thermal wave. Daytime temperature over the inland area (Daegu) was higher than that of the coastal area (Busan). The temperature difference reached about 5~6$^{\circ}C$ in the late afternoon(30-31 May 1999). The low pressure system of Daegu was most fully developed at the time. In this study, we investigated the possibility of thermal low onset around Daegu in summer with an analytical model. The topography effect was neglected in the model. We could predict a thermal low-pressure of about 3.4hPa at Daegu with wide flat land surface, when the inland area is about 6K warmer than the coastal area temperature. The pressure decrease is somewhat less than the observed value(4~5 hPa).

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

본 실험은 멀칭용 P.E 필름 종류에 따른 지온변화가 사과 우량 측지묘 생산에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 투명 P.E. 필름, 흑색 P.E. 필름 피복구와 대조구로 무피복구를 두고 대목 직경이 9.1~11.0mm인 M.9 대목을 재식하였다. 대목 재식 3주 후에 사과 '시나노 스위트' 품종을 절접하였으며, 6월 중순에는 재식 당년 측지발생을 유도하기 위하여 묘목에 BA를 살포하였다. 생육기인 4월 중순부터 11월 초순까지의 대조구의 지온은 기온보다 약 $0.7^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았고, 피복구의 지온은 대조구보다 약 $1{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았다. P.E. 필름 종류별 지온은 투명 P.E. 필름 피복구가 흑색 P.E. 필름 피복구보다 약 $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ 정도 높았다. 기상요소에 따른 지온의 일교차는 흑색 P.E. 필름 피복구가 시험구중 가장 낮았다. 사과 묘목의 생장과 측지 발달에 있어서는 피복구가 무피복구보다 생장이 양호하였다. 우량 측지묘 획득률은 흑색 P.E. 필름피복구가 가장 높았는데, 그 이유는 생육초기 지온이 대조구보다 높게 유지되면서 여름철에 지온이 $35^{\circ}C$를 넘은 적이 투명 P.E. 필름 피복구보다 많지 않았기 때문으로 추정되었다.