• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2014

An 11-year-old castrated male Maltese weighing 3.6 kg and a 12-year-old intact female Shih-tzu weighing 6.5 kg were admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with decompensatory congestive heart failure. Diuretic resistance was suspected due to long term diuretic therapy with furosemide. However, the patients improved after the furosemide treatment was changed to torsemide, demonstrating the benefits of application of torsemide to treat diuretic resistance caused by long term use of furosemide. These findings suggest that torsemide should be applied for treatment of diuretic resistance caused by long term use of furosemide.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the role of calcium in the function of an isolated perfused rabbit kidney and its effect on the diuretic action of furosemide. The administrations of hydralazine and verapamil produced remarkable diuretic actions mainly by decreasing renal resistance. The administration of furosemide in combination with hydralazine or verapamil produced remarkable diuretic action and there was no difference between the two groups. The administration of quinidine produced a diuretic action in spite of vasoconstriction and potentiated the diuretic action of furosemide. In the calcium-free perfusion medium, the administration of calcium produced a marked diuretic action in spite of vasoconstriction and potentiated significantly the diuretic action of furosemide. The administration of quinidine did not alter renal function and the diuretic action of furosemide, but the combined administration of quinidine and calcium showed antidiuretic effect due to excessive vasoconstriction in the calcium-free perfusion medium. Although the administration of verapamil produced a slight diuretic action in the calcium-free perfusion medium, verapamil did not alter the diuretic action of calcium as well as the diuretic actions of furosemide alone and in combination with calcium. The results of this experiment show that calcium, verapamil and quinidine produced diuretic actions and calcium potentiates the diuretic action of furosemide.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.252-261
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• 1990

Arachidonic acid which is precursor of prostaglandins, when administered ($100.0\;{\mu}g/kg$, or $100.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$) intravenously, did not influence on renal function of dog. Arachidonic acid, when infused ($10.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min$) into a renal artery, produced marked diuretic action accompanied with augmentation of renal plasma flow and with little changed glomerular filtration rate, and exhibited the increased clearances of osmolar substance and free water, and the decreased reabsorption rates of sodium and potassium in renal tubules in only experimental kidney, but did not influenced at all in control kindey. The diuretic acition of arachidonic acid infused into a renal artery was not affected by pretreatment of indomethacin (10.0 mg/kg. i.v) which is inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Above results suggest that arachidonic acid infused into a renal artery produced diuretic action through direct renal hemodynamic changes, that is mediated by reduction of postglomerular resistance being caused by dilation of vas efferense.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1974

The author in an attempt to evaluate hemodynamic changes in the clinical stages of Korean hemorrhagic fever measured plasma volume, cardiac output and effective renal plasma flow utilizing radioisoto es during various phases of the disease. Cardiac output was measured by radiocardiography with external monitoring method using RIHSA. Effective renal plasma flow was obtained from blood clearance curve drawn by external monitoring after radiohippuran injection according to the method described by Razzak et al. The study was carried out in thirty-eight cases of Korean hemorrhagic fever and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Plasma volume was increased in the patients during the oliguric-and hypertensive diuretic phases, while it was normal in the patients during the normotensive-diuretic phase. 2. Cardiac index was increased in the patients during the oliguric phase and was slightly increased in the patients at the hypertensive diuretic phase. It was normal in the other phases. 3. Total peripheral resistance was increased in the hypertensive patients during diuretic phase, while it was normal in the rest of phases. 4. Effective renal plasma flow was significantly reduced in the patients during the oliguric and diuretic phases as well as at one month after the oliguric onset. There was no significant difference between the oliguric and the early diuretic phases. Renal plasma flow in the group of patients at one month after the oliguric onset was about 45% of the normal, however, it returned to normal level at six months after the onset. 5. Clinical syndrome of relative hypervolemia was observed in some patients during the oliguric phase or hypertensive diuretic phase. Characteristic hemodynamic findings were high cardiac output and normal to relatively increased peripheral resistance in these cases. Relatively increased circulating blood volume due to decreased effective vascular space was suggested for the mechanism of relative hypervolemia. 6. Cardiac hemodynamic alteration returned to normal during late stage of the diuretic phase, while renal hemodynamic changes were normalized at six months after the onset.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.595-602
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• 2013

As a major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system in animals, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has several physiological functions, such as anti-hypertensive, diuretic, tranquilizer and anti-stress effects in human. In order to determine strains with high GABA producing ability and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity, 273 bacteria were isolated from various types of Kimchi. Strain K255 contained $386.37{\mu}g/mL$ of GABA in MRS broth containing 1% MSG, $600.63{\mu}g/mL$ of GABA in MRS broth containing 2% MSG and $821.24{\mu}g/mL$ of GABA in MRS broth containing 3% MSG. It showed that K255 had the highest GABA production ability compared to other commercial lactic acid bacteria. K255 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum based on its API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rDNA sequence. K255 was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of K255 was $37^{\circ}C$and cultures took 13 h to reach the pH 4.4. K255 showed more sensitive to bacitracin in a comparison of fifteen different antibiotics, and showed most resistance to kanamycin and vancomycin. Moreover, it was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and acid and displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, with rates of 30.8%, 29.7%, and 23.4% respectively. These results demonstrate that K255 could be an excellent strain for the production of functional products.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2008

Astragali Radix, known as Huangqi, is the most important tonic in the traditional oriental medicine. It reinforces 'qi' (vital energy), strengthens the superficial resistance and promotes the discharge of pus and the growth of new tissue. It has long been used as an anti-perspirant, anti-diuretic or a tonic. Eleven compounds were isolated from the hexane and EtOAc fractions from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae) and their structures were identified as four triterpenoids [lupenone (1), friedelin (2), lupeol (3), soyasapogenol E (9)] and seven sterols [${\beta}-sitosterol$ (4), stigmastane-3,6-dione (5), $7{\alpha}-hydroxysitosterol$ (6), $5{\alpha},6{\beta}-dihydroxysitosterol$ (7), $7-oxo-{\beta}-sitosterol$ (8), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucoside 6'-O-palmitate (10), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucoside (11)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, lupenone (1), friedelin (2), lupeol (3), stigmastane-3,6-dione (5), $7{\alpha}-hydroxysitosterol$ (6), $5{\alpha},6{\beta}-dihydroxysitosterol$ (7), $7-oxo-{\beta}-sitosterol$ (8), soyasapogenol E (9), and ${\beta}-sitosterol$ glucoside 6'-O-palmitate (10) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 1991

Antihypertensive effect of YH 334 was examined in various experimental hypertension rat models and the systemic and regional hymohynamic profiles of the compound were investigated in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The antiypertensive potensive potency of YH 334 is found to be more than 10 times stronger than that of nitrendipine in the all hypertensive models. The effective doses to lower the initial blood pressure by 20% $(ED_{20})$ of YH334 were 1.4 mg/kg in normotensive rats (NR), 0.7 mglkg in SHR. 0.1 mg/kg in DOCA salt hypertensive rats (DHR) and 0.4 mg/kg in renal hypertensive rats (RHR), and the $ED_{20}$ values of nitrendipine were 15.8 mg/kg in NR, 7.1 mg/kg in SHR, 1.7 mg/kg in DHR and 4.8 mg/kg in RHR. The primary hemodynamic effect hemodynamic profile is similar to that of nitrendipine. Both compounds seem to produce potent antihypertensive effects by lowering peripheral resistance in the skeletal muscles. In the organ bath study using isolated rabbit aorta, YH 334 was found to be a potent voltage dependent calcium channel blocker without significant inhibitory effect on the receptor operated calcium channels like the most of other dihydropyridine type calcium antagonists. Furthermore, YH334 showed acute diuretic and natriuretic effects in conscious SHR, which may render the unnecessary restriction of sodium in the diet of those patients on long term hypertension therapy. This effect would provide an additional benefit to its potent antihypertensive activity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2016

A 13-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog and a 12-year-old castrated male mixed breed cat were referred to the hospital for the treatment of pulmonary edema and azotemia at the same time. To resolve the pulmonary edema and azotemia, intermittent hemodialysis (HD) was performed using ultrafiltration (UF), and the pulmonary edema, azotemia, other electrolyte and acid-base imbalances were improved. This case study demonstrated that when we encountered pulmonary edema patients with diuretic resistance, severe electrolyte imbalance, and impaired renal function complicated by decongestive therapy using diuretics, UF therapy can be considered a life-saving intervention.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2013

Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of animals, has several physiological effects including anti-hypertensive, diuretic, tranquilizing, and anti-stress properties, in humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate Lactobacillus plantarum K74, which was isolated from kimchi and selected as a strain with a high ability to produce GABA, to develop a new starter culture for fermented milk production. L. plantarum K74 produced $134.52{\mu}g/mL$ GABA in MRS broth containing 1% MSG, $212.27{\mu}g/mL$ GABA in MRS broth containing 2% MSG, and $234.63{\mu}g/mL$ GABA in MRS broth containing 3% MSG. The optimum growth temperature of L. plantarum K74 was $34^{\circ}C$, reaching a pH of 4.4 after 18 hours of growth. L. plantarum K74 was most sensitive to novobiocin out of 16 different antibiotics tested, and was most resistant to kanamycin and polymyxin B. L. plantarum K74 did not produce ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, a carcinogenic enzyme, and was comparatively tolerant to bile juice and low pH. Furthermore, it displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus at rates of 54.9%, 46.3%, and 0.7%, respectively.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2013

Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a condition characterized by renal salt wasting, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis due to renal tubular resistance to aldosterone. Systemic PHA1 is a more severe condition caused by defective transepithelial sodium transport due to mutations in the genes encoding the ${\alpha}$ (SCNN1A), ${\beta}$ (SCNN1B), or ${\gamma}$ (SCNN1G) subunits of the epithelial sodium channel at the collecting duct, and involves the sweat glands, salivary glands, colon, and lung. Although systemic PHA1 is a rare disease, we believe that genetic studies should be performed in patients with normal renal function but with high plasma renin and aldosterone levels, without a history of potassium-sparing diuretic use or obstructive uropathy. In the present report, we describe a case of autosomal recessive PHA1 that was genetically diagnosed in a newborn after severe hyperkalemia was noted.