• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments to hyperemesis gravidarum in disturbed liver function. Methods : Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe and intractable form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and may result in weight loss; nutritional deficiencies; and abnormalities in fluids, electrolyte levels, and acid-base balance. The peak incidence is at 4, 8-16 weeks of pregnancy. Interestingly, nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is generally associated with a lower rate of miscarriage. However disturbed diver dunction with Hyperemesis gravidarium is rare very and dangerous. Traditionally, oriental medical therapy has been used to patients with hyperemesis gravidarum and showed effective result. We treated 1 patient who had hyperemesis gravidarum in disturbed diver dunction at Se-Myung university Oriental Hospital in affiliation by Herbal medication, acupuncture and moxa therapy and got good result from them. Results : As a result, symptoms are remarkably alleviated and liver function test are improved. Conclusion : Therefore we would like to report that it is effective to cure the hyperemesis gravidarum in disturbed liver function through the herb-medication and acupuncture treatment.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2003

The possibility that liver and kidney function is adversely affected by current levels of environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) as investigated in adult men and women in the general population in Seoul. From February to August in 2001, blood and morning spot urine samples were collected from 136 not occupationally exposed group (age range 20∼75 years) at 4 survey sites throughout seoul. Liver and kidney function parameters in serum and urine were examined by conventional methods. The questionnaire included factors, i.e. sex, age, smoking, alcohol, diet habit etc. The geometric mean values for Cd in blood (Cd-B) were 1.43 $\mu\textrm{g}$/1, It seemed prudent to conclude that liver and kidney function as not disturbed by the current environmental exposure to Cd in study.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 1969

There have been reported numberous cases of liver scanning in use of $^{198}Au$ colloid by many investigators, however, one in use of $^{113m}In$ colloid has not been reported as yet in this country. The dose of $^{113m}In$ for high diagnostic value in examination of each organ was determined and the dignostic interpretability of liver scanning with the use of $^{113m}In$ was carefully evaluated in comparison with the results of the liver scanning by the conventionally applied radioisotopes. The comparative study of both figures of liver scannings with the use of $^{113m}In$ colloid and $^{198}Au$ colloid delivered following results: 1. The liver uptake rate and clearance into peripheral blood were accentuated more in case of $^{113m}In$ colloid than in case of $^{198}Au$ colloid. 2. The interpretability of space occupying lesion in liver scanning with $^{113m}In$ was also superior to one with $^{198}Au$. 3. The figure of liver scanning with $^{113m}In$ colloid corresponds not always to the figure with $^{198}Au$. This difference can be explained by differences of phagocytic ability of reticuloendotherial system within liver. 4. In the liver scanning with $^{113m}In$ colloid, the spleen is also visualized even in normal examinee. 5. In the cases of disturbed liver function, uptake is more decreased in use of $^{113m}In$ colloid than in $^{198}Au$, in the spleen, however, the way is contrary. 6. With use of $^{113m}In$ colloid, the time required for scanning could be shortened in comparison with $^{198}Au$. 7. The filtration of $^{113m}In$ colloid for scanning prior to human administration gives an expectation for better scanning figure.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

The "Somun Jogyongron(素問 調經論)" describes excess and deficiency syndromes. The study suggests that excess syndrome(實證) is caused by vigorous pathogenic fire(火邪)(the spirit(神)), pathogenic dryness(燥邪)(Gi(氣)), pathogenic wind(風邪)(blood(血)), pathogenic dampness(濕邪)(physique(形)) or pathogenic coldness(寒邪)(will(志)). When pathogenic fire is dominant within the body, Gi and blood becomes excessive and come out of the body, but the body cannot take them back, leading to the symptom in which the patient cannot stop laughing. When pathogenic dryness prevails, the lung(肺) cannot function properly. This means that the convergence(收斂) function of the clearing the lung and descending Gi(肅降) is deteriorated, and the patient shows symptoms of dyspnea and cough. Strong pathogenic wind increases the ascencling Gi in the liver(肝氣) and fuel angry emotion when the patient becomes upset. When pathogenic dampness is dominant, spleen(脾) function drops due to lumping effects, and the patient will experience abdominal distention(腹脹), which will disturb urination and defecation. When pathogenic coldness prevails, abdominal distention occurs due to condensating effects, and Yang Gj(陽氣) in the kidney(腎) is disturbed, leading to digestion disorders and eventually water-grain dysentery. Deficiency syndrome is caused by the lack of essential Gi(精氣) in the five viscera(五藏). Deficiency of sprit means the lack of Gi in the heart(心氣), so the patient becomes vulnerable to sadness. Deficiency of Gi means the lack of Gi in the lung(肺氣), so the patient may have breathing disorders. Deficiency of blood means the lack of Gi in the Liver(肝氣), so the patient can be easily scared. Deficiency of physique means the lack of Gi in the spleen(脾氣), making it difficult to use arms and legs. Deficiency of will means the lack of Gi in the kidney(腎氣), so Gowl syndrome(厥證) can ensue.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 1982

In the present communication, the results will be reported on a clinical study of how well scintigraphic visualization of the hepatobiliary elements and several commonly used clinical liver function tests correlate each other in various diseases oft hepatobiliary system. The demonstrability of the biliary tract, gallbladder (GB) and duodenum was rather closely paralleled to serum bilirubin level and less closely to alkaline phosphatase and rather poorly to SGOT and SGPT. The biliary tree could not be visualized scintigraphically when bilirubin exceeded 10.5mg/dl. The usefulness of Tc-99m EHIDA [N-(2,6-diethylacetanilido) iminodiacetic acid, made by Amersham, England] hepatobiliary scintigraphy (Tc EHIDA HBS) in settling diagnostic controversy and ambiguity raised by oral cholecystography, intravenous cholangiography and ultrasonography in many hepatobiliary diseases is well known. The purpose of this investigation was to semiquantitatively evaluate the scintigraphic demonstrability of the hepatobiliary tract, GB and duodenum following intravenous injection of Tc-99m EHIDA in normal subjects and in patients with a disturbed liver function from various hepatobiliary diseases. The hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed in 10 normal subjects and 39 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases (Table 1) at the Dept. of Radiology, St. Mary's Hospital Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea during 2 years period from September 1979. Scintigraphic examination was started at end of 3 minutes after intravenous injection of Tc-99m EHIDA in the amount of $50{\mu}Ci/kg$ and was continued until after 30 minutes at 5 minutes interval. The imaging was usually terminated when the tracer could be seen in the duodenum. Late scintigrams were obatained at 1 1/2, 3, 4 and 6 hours when reeded. Scintigrams were analyzed in terms of promptness and clarity of visualization of the biliary tree, GB and duodenum and demonstrability of these anatomical landmarks was correlated with the values of liver function tests. The demonstrability of the common hepatic duct, common bile duct, GB and duodenum was closely paralleled to the level of serum bilirubin when it is less than 10.5 mg/dl as shown in figure 1. However when the bilirubin exceeded 10.5 mg/dl the time of visualization between protracted reaching a flat curve or plateau around 10.5 mg/dl. The biliary tract could not be visualized when the bilirubin was higher than 10.5 mg/dl. The correlability between scintigraphic demonstration and serum alkaline phosphatase was less strong and between scintigraphic demonstration and SGOT and SGPT was rather poor. The present clinical study confirmed the usefulness and limitation of Tc-99m EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in visulizing and diagnosing the biliary system and duodenum when radiogrpahy and ultrasonography failed to provide useful informations. Scintigraphy was very helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia, cholecystitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The hepatobiliary system and duodenum were visualized when serum bilirubin level was less than 10.5 mg/dl, SGOT 135 units, SGPT 114 units and alkaline phosphatase 52.2 KAU.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.471-474
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• 1994

Five experimental groups with five adult male rats in each, were exposed to 20, 35, 40 and $45^{\circ}C$ air temperature for 50-70 minutes, and to $50^{\circ}C$ for 30-50 minutes, respectively. Food and drinking water were not permitted during the exposure. Blood samples were obtained by heart puncture immediately after the thermal treatment. All the rats were hyperthermic (p<0.01) as compared to the controls ($20^{\circ}C$). Hyperthermia was associated with hypoglycemia which was significant (p<0.01) at 45 and $50^{\circ}C$ exposures. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT declined at 35 and $40^{\circ}C$ reaching the lowest (p<0.05) level at $45^{\circ}C$, while at $50^{\circ}C$ GOT level was elevated by 45% but GPT was normal as compared to the controls. Differences between groups were significant (p<0.01) for GOT and insignificant for GPT. Hematocrit value increased significantly (p<0.01) at 45 and $50^{\circ}C$, indicating hemoconcentration. It could be concluded that severe heat stress (45 and $50^{\circ}C$) resulted in critical hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, disturbed liver function, body dehydration, and hemoconcentration leading to death.