• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2018

The intensive habitats loss of natural organisms as a consequence of anthropogenic activities has lead to the use of alternative habitats for species conservation. We reviewed the current status of alternative habitats and suggest the improvement of alternative habitats. Most of alternative habitats regarded in this study are not following the pre-arranged consultation at environmental impact assessment. These alternative habitats are rendered useless due to the insufficient consideration of ecological characteristics of species and lack of detailed plans. A number of alternative habitats are influenced by disturbance such as environmental pollution and construction. Post-monitoring of alternative habitats are needed to estimate immigration rate of species. Post management is also needed to assess the status of population stability. Overall, low effectiveness of alternative habitats is presented in this study. According to the status survey, methods for improvement of alternative habitats are required such as detailed guidelines, establishment of post-monitoring system, improvement of habitat restoration techniques, and guidelines for management and operation of alternative habitats.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 1998년도 춘계공동 학술발표대회
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• pp.96-96
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• 1998

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2010

This research identified a disturbance regime caused by wild boar in a mature Quercus mongolica forest and analyzed the impact of this disturbance on the structure and distribution of herbaceous plants in Mt. Jeombong, Korea. We demonstrate that disturbance by wild boar was most frequent from winter to early spring, but also occurred year round. Areas which were frequently disturbed by wild boar included the mountain ridge, the mild slope on the north face, and sites with high concentration of Erythronium japonicum. The disturbance cycle by the wild boar in this region was estimated at approximately 2.8 years. The wild boar's reduced the community's species diversity and herbaceous coverage, and increased its evenness. This disturbance reduced the coverage of spring ephemeral; Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense, Symplocarpus niponnicus, Anemone koraiensis and Corydalis turtschaninovii were particularly sensitive. In addition, summer green herbaceous plants such as Astilbe chinensis, Ainsliaea acerifolia, Meehania urticifolia, and Pimpinella brachycarpa were sensitive to the wild boar's. It was found that wild boar ate E. japonicum most selectively of all plants in this investigation area. In conclusion, together with micro-topography, wind, formation of gaps of a forest and rearrangement of litter layer, wild boar's disturbance is an important factor influencing the dynamic changes of an herbaceous community in a mature temperate hardwood forest.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권3호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2019

This study was conducted to measure litterfall and nutrient (P, K, Ca, Mg) inputs under varying degrees of disturbance by pine wilt disease in pine forests in southern Korea. Litterfall was collected to evaluate nutrient responses at different intensities of disturbance (various levels of basal area) by pine wilt disease across 2 years. Phosphorus, Ca, and Mg concentrations in needle litterfall were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with decreased disturbance intensities (increased basal area) depending on the time of sampling, whereas the nutrient concentrations in other litterfall components (branches, bark, reproductive organs, and miscellaneous litterfall) were not significantly correlated (p > 0.05) with the intensity of pine wilt disease disturbance. Dry weight and nutrient inputs through litterfall components decreased linearly with increasing intensity of disturbance by pine wilt disease (p < 0.05), except for the nutrient inputs of branch (K, Ca, Mg) and reproductive organ (K, Ca) litterfall. These results indicate that decreased litterfall across different levels of disturbance may be related to the reduced soil nutrients in pine wilt disease forests.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1995

Death patterns of gap-makers and changes of environmental factors in gaps formed by disturbance were studied in Pinus densiflora forests of Youngwol, Mt, Mansu, Mt. Songni, Uljin, and Mt, Obong in Korea. Death pattern of gap-makers showed that standing deat type was the most frequent in all the study areas. Longevity of Pinus densiflora was about 140 years, which was about half of that of the temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees. size of gaps were distributed from $20m^2$ to $235m^2$, more than 80% of those were gaps created by death of two or more trees. Relative light intensity and water content of soil in gap area were higher than those in non-gap area and those in the central part of gap were the highest.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제101권3호
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• pp.488-500
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• 2012

본 연구는 절지동물 포식자인 개미, 거미, 딱정벌레, 반날개의 산림교란에 대한 생물지표의 가능성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 강원도 고성, 강릉, 삼척에서 다른 산불강도와 복원방법에 의해 생긴 교란강도에 따라 12개의 조사지를 선정했다. 조사지의 교란강도는 미피해지(DD=0), 지표화 피해지(DD=1), 수관화 피해지(DD=2), 수관화피해 후 인공복원지(DD=3)로 구분하였다. 절지동물 포식자는 함정트랩법을 이용하여 채집하였다. 거미, 딱정벌레, 반날개, 개미의 종수와 풍부도는 교란강도에 따라 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 초지성 개미의 종수와 풍부도는 교란강도가 높을 수록 증가했고, 초지성 개미인 곰개미와 일본왕개미는 낙엽층 두께가 깊을 수록 선형적으로 감소했다. 또한, 개미의 군집구조는 교란강도별로 나누어졌다. 개미는 장기간에 걸쳐 먹이섭식활동을 활발하게 하기 때문에, 단 한 차례의 조사일 경우에는 4가지 포식자 분류군중에서 개미가 산림교란에 대한 생물지표로 가장 유용하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2011

본 연구는 강원도 고성, 강릉, 삼척의 3개의 산불지에서 딱정벌레군집에 대한 산불강도와 복원방법의 영향을 평가하기 위해서 수행되었다. 4개의 조사지는 산불강도와 복원방법에 의해서 야기된 교란강도(Disturbance Degree, DD)에 따라 각 조사지역에서 선정되었다. 조사지의 교란강도는 미피해지 (DD = 0), 지표화피해지 (DD = 1), 수관화피해지 (DD = 2), 수관화피해 후 인공복원 (DD = 3)로 구분하였다. 함정트랩법으로 채집된 딱정벌레류는 부식자, 식식자와 포식자의 3개 기능군으로 분류되었다. 딱정벌레류의 종수와 풍부도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었지만, 비산불지(DD = 0)보다 산불지(DD = 1-3)에서 다소 높았다. 딱정벌레군집은 산불의 강도나 복원방법에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 인공복원과 자연복원 두 방법을 사용한 산불지의 복원은 산불지역에서 딱정벌레군집의 다양성을 증가시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2021

Distribution of fish community depends largely on environmental disturbance such as habitat change. In this study, we evaluated the impact of environmental variables and microhabitat patch types on fish distribution in Yudeung Stream at 15 sites between early May and late June 2019. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling to examine the distribution patterns of fish in each site. Gnathopogon strigatus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Zacco koreanus, and Zacco platypus were associated with riffle and boulder areas, whereas Iksookimia koreensis, Acheilognathus koreensis, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, and Odontobutis interrupta were associated with large shallow areas. In contrast, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Lepomis macrochirus, and Micropterus salmoides were found at downstream sites associated with large pool areas, sandy/clay-bottomed areas, and vegetated areas. On the basis of these results, we suggest that microhabitat patch types are important in determining the diversity and abundance of fish communities, since a mosaic of different microhabitats supports diverse fish species. As such, microhabitat patches are key components of freshwater stream ecosystem heterogeneity, and a suitable patch composition in stream construction or restoration schemes will support ecologically healthy food webs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.395-410
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• 1992

Disturbance regime and tree regeneration were studied in kwangnung natural forest, an old-growth deciduous hardwood forest located in central korea. This forest is dominated by carpinus laxiflora, c.erosa, and quercus species. The area occupied by canopy gaps was 4.6% of the total forested area, and the mean size of canopy gaps was 92 $m^2$ with the maximum being 524 $m^2$. More than half of the gaps were less than four years old, and 3/4 of the gaps were created by death of only or two canopy trees, indicating the dominance of small-sized gaps in kwangnung forest. about half of the gap-makers were c. laxiflora, and another one third were quercus species. In contrast, the most frequent relacers were c. laxiflora while quercus species filled only 5% of the gaps, suggesting a future shift in tree species composition under the current disturbance regime. tree regeration was more conspicuous even in small gaps than non-gaps regardless of shade-tolerance of tree species, indicating the importance of gaps in tree regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2003

군락분류학에 기초한 현존식생도를 이용하여 토지에 대한 생태적 안전성 또는 위약성을 평가하는 '잠재인간간섭도' 평가기법을 개발하였다. 4개 범주(삼림지역, 개방수역-호소와 하천, 경작지 면적, 주택-도시화의 인공 면적)에 따라 입지도에 대한 직접평가 및 간접평가로부터 격자법과 등고선법에 의한 '잠재인간간섭도(潛在人間干涉圖)를 제작하였다. 이것을 토대로 토지의 훼손 잠재성을 평가하는 '교란핵구역'과 '위약(危弱)세포구역'을 규정하고, 토지 관리를 위한 생태적 접근을 시도하였다. 사례연구로 973개의 격자(500 m×500 m)로 이루어진 부산광역시 기장군 일대의 현존식생도 상에서 이루어졌다. 사례연구 지역 내에서 '교란핵구역'은 51군데이며 '위약세포구역'은 28군데로써 대상 면적의 약 8.1%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 식생학적 현존식 생도를 이용한 '교란핵구역'과 '위약세포구역'을 발굴하는 잠재인간간섭도는 토지 이용과 보존에 관한 생태학적 전략 구축에 있어서 구체적인 현장적 입지진단 정보를 제공하는 유효수단인 것으로 밝혀졌다.