• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2020

MARCH5 is a RING finger E3 ligase involved in mitochondrial integrity, cellular protein homeostasis, and the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and fission. To determine the function of MARCH5 during development, we assessed transcript expression in zebrafish embryos. We found that march5 transcripts were of maternal origin and evenly distributed at the 1-cell stage, except for the mid-blastula transition, with expression predominantly in the developing central nervous system at later stages of embryogenesis. Overexpression of march5 impaired convergent extension movement during gastrulation, resulting in reduced patterning along the dorsoventral axis and alterations in the ventral cell types. Overexpression and knockdown of march5 disrupted the organization of the developing telencephalon and diencephalon. Lastly, we found that the transcription of march5 was tightly regulated by the transcriptional regulators CHOP, C/EBPα, Staf, Znf143a, and Znf76. These results demonstrate the essential role of March5 in the development of zebrafish embryos.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

The 4th Industrial Revolution, intelligent automobile application technology is evolving beyond the limit of the mobile device to a variety of application software and multi-media collective technology with big data-based AI(artificial intelligence) technology. with the recent commercialization of 5G mobile communication service, artificial intelligent automobile technology, which is a fusion of automobile and IT technology, is evolving into more intelligent automobile service technology, and each multimedia platform service and application developed in such distributed environment is being developed Accordingly, application software technology developed with a single system SoC of a portable terminal device through various service technologies is absolutely required. In this paper, smart device design for ontology design of intelligent automobile open platform enables to design intelligent automobile middleware software design technology such as Android based SVC Codec and real time video and graphics processing that is not expressed in single ASIC application software technology as SoC based application designWe have experimented in smart device environment through researches, and newly designed service functions of various terminal devices provided as open platforms and application solutions in SoC environment and applied standardized interface analysis technique and proved this experiment.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.343-353
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• 2023

A zeolite material (ZCH) was synthesized from coal fly ash in an HD thermal power plant using a fusion/hydrothermal method. ZCH with high crystallinity could be synthesized at the NaOH/CFA ratio of 0.9. Ion-exchanged ZCH adsorbents for ammonia removal were prepared by ion-exchanging various cation (Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺, and Mn²⁺) on the ZCH. They were used to evaluate the ammonia adsorption breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities. The ammonia adsorption capacities of the ZCH and ion-exchanged ZCHs were high in the order of Mn-ZCH > Cu-ZCH ≅ Co-ZCH > Fe-ZCH > ZCH according to NH₃-TPD measurements. Mn-ZCH ion-exchanged with Mn has more Brønsted acid sites than other adsorbents. The ion-exchanged Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺, or Mn²⁺ ions uniformly distributed on the surface or in the pores of the ZCH, and the number of acidic sites increased on the alumina sites to form the crystal structure of zeolite material. Therefore, when the ion-exchanged ZCH was used, the adsorption capacity for ammonia gas increased.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.338-348
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• 2024

In the mid-eastern part of the Yellow Sea, large-scale shelf ridges originated from erosion on sand-mud successions that have been presently eroded by strong tidal currents. A three-layered in situ geoacoustic model is provided down to 50 m for the subbottom sedimentary succession of a 45 m water depth using the Hamilton method. The succession is divisible into two-type units of Type-A and Type-B using high-resolution seismic profiles with a deep-drilled YSDP-104 core of 44.0 m in depth below the seafloor. Type-A unit mainly comprises sandy or gravelly sediments, whereas Type-B unit mostly consists of tidal muddy sediments with some thinner sand beds. P-wave speed values are positively compatible with the mean grain size and sediment type of the core sediments. For actual modeling, the geoacoustic property values of the models were compensated to in situ depth values below the seafloor. The detailed geoacoustic model contributes to simulating sound transmission through the sedimentary successions in erosional shelf ridges of variable geoacoustic properties distributed in shallow-water environments of the mid-eastern Yellow Sea.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.497-508
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• 2023

Agricultural reservoirs are crucial structures for water resources monitoring especially in Korea where the resources are seasonally unevenly distributed. Optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites, being utilized as tools for monitoring the reservoirs, have unique limitations in that optical sensors are sensitive to weather conditions and SAR sensors are sensitive to noises and multiple scattering over dense vegetations. In this study, we tried to improve water body detection accuracy through optical-SAR data fusion, and quantitatively analyze the complementary effects. We first detected water bodies at Edong, Cheontae reservoir using the Compact Advanced Satellite 500(CAS500), Kompsat-3/3A, and Sentinel-2 derived Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and SAR backscattering coefficient from Sentinel-1 by K-means clustering technique. After that, the improvements in accuracies were analyzed by applying K-means clustering to the 2-D grid space consists of NDWI and SAR. Kompsat-3/3A was found to have the best accuracy (0.98 at both reservoirs), followed by Sentinel-2(0.83 at Edong, 0.97 at Cheontae), Sentinel-1(both 0.93), and CAS500(0.69, 0.78). By applying K-means clustering to the 2-D space at Cheontae reservoir, accuracy of CAS500 was improved around 22%(resulting accuracy: 0.95) with improve in precision (85%) and degradation in recall (14%). Precision of Kompsat-3A (Sentinel-2) was improved 3%(5%), and recall was degraded 4%(7%). More precise water resources monitoring is expected to be possible with developments of high-resolution SAR satellites including CAS500-5, developments of image fusion and water body detection techniques.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.254-255
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• 2012

Interest in nano-crystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films has been growing because of their favorable processing conditions for certain electronic devices. In particular, there has been an increase in the use of nc-Si thin films in photovoltaics for large solar cell panels and in thin film transistors for large flat panel displays. One of the most important material properties for these device applications is the macroscopic charge-carrier mobility. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) or nc-Si is a basic material in thin film transistors (TFTs). However, a-Si:H based devices have low carrier mobility and bias instability due to their metastable properties. The large number of trap sites and incomplete hydrogen passivation of a-Si:H film produce limited carrier transport. The basic electrical properties, including the carrier mobility and stability, of nc-Si TFTs might be superior to those of a-Si:H thin film. However, typical nc-Si thin films tend to have mobilities similar to a-Si films, although changes in the processing conditions can enhance the mobility. In polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin films, the performance of the devices is strongly influenced by the boundaries between neighboring crystalline grains. These grain boundaries limit the conductance of macroscopic regions comprised of multiple grains. In much of the work on poly-Si thin films, it was shown that the performance of TFTs was largely determined by the number and location of the grain boundaries within the channel. Hence, efforts were made to reduce the total number of grain boundaries by increasing the average grain size. However, even a small number of grain boundaries can significantly reduce the macroscopic charge carrier mobility. The nano-crystalline or polymorphous-Si development for TFT and solar cells have been employed to compensate for disadvantage inherent to a-Si and micro-crystalline silicon (${\mu}$-Si). Recently, a novel process for deposition of nano-crystralline silicon (nc-Si) thin films at room temperature was developed using neutral beam assisted chemical vapor deposition (NBaCVD) with a neutral particle beam (NPB) source, which controls the energy of incident neutral particles in the range of 1~300 eV in order to enhance the atomic activation and crystalline of thin films at room temperature. In previous our experiments, we verified favorable properties of nc-Si thin films for certain electronic devices. During the formation of the nc-Si thin films by the NBaCVD with various process conditions, NPB energy directly controlled by the reflector bias and effectively increased crystal fraction (~80%) by uniformly distributed nc grains with 3~10 nm size. The more resent work on nc-Si thin film transistors (TFT) was done. We identified the performance of nc-Si TFT active channeal layers. The dependence of the performance of nc-Si TFT on the primary process parameters is explored. Raman, FT-IR and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to study the microstructures and the crystalline volume fraction of nc-Si films. The electric properties were investigated on Cr/SiO2/nc-Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2020

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) recommended the importance of preventive measures against extreme weather, and heat waves are one of the main themes for establishing preventive measures. In this study, we tried to analyze the heat vulnerable areas by considering not only spatial characteristics but also social characteristics. Energy consumption, popu lation density, normalized difference vegetation index, waterfront distance, solar radiation, and road distribution were examined as variables. Then, by selecting a suitable model, SLM (Spatial Lag Model), available variables were extracted. Then, based on the Fuzzy theory, the degree of vulnerability to heat waves was analyzed for each variable, and six variables were superimposed to finally derive the heat vulnerable area. The study site was selected as the Daegu area where the effects of the heat wave were high. In the case of vulnerable areas, it was confirmed that the existing urban areas are mainly distributed in Seogu, Namgu, and Dalseogu of Daegu, which are less affected by waterside and vegetation. It was confirmed that both spatial and social characteristics should be considered in policy support for reducing heat waves in Daegu.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2014

Two kinds of mushrooms, Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Soji, were described in old book of Samguksagi (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) in Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms were also described in more than 17 kinds of old books during Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Nowadays, mushroom cultivation has been increased through out the world last decade years. Production of mushrooms has also been increased 10-20% and many varieties have been cultivated. Similar trends were also observed in Korea. Approximately two hundred commercial strains of 37 species in mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. Somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom 'Wonhyeong-neutari' were developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to grower in 1989. The fruiting body yield index of somatic hybrids of Pleurotus ranged between 27 and 155 compared to parental values of 100 and 138. In addition, more diverse mushroom varieties such as Phellinus baumi, Auricularia spp., Pleurotus ferulae, Hericium erinaceus, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Grifola frondosa, Agrocybe aegerita and Pleurotus cornucopiae have been attempted to cultivate in small scale cultivation. Production of mushrooms as food was 190,111 metric tons valued at 800 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if include mushroom factory products; 1dollar = 1,040 Won) in 2011. Major cultivated species are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which cover 90% of total production. Since mushroom export was initiated from 1960 to 1980, the export and import of mushrooms have been increased in Korea. Technology developed for liquid spawn production and automatic cultivation systems lead to the reduction of the production cost resulting in the increasement of mushroom export. However some species were imported because of high production cost for these mushrooms requiring the effective cultivation methods. Developing of effective post-harvest system will be also directly related to mushroom export. In academic area, RDA scientists have been conducting mushroom genome projects. One of the main results is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. An electrophoretic karyotype of of F. velutipes was obtained using CHEF with 7 chromosomes, with a total genome size of approximately 26.7 Mb. The mususcript of the genome of F. velutipes was published in PLOS ONE this year. For medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting the genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods using this mushroom. In 2013, Korea Food and Drug Administraion (KFDA) approved Cordyceps mushroom for its value as an immune booster.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2002

Salvinia natans, an unique water fern having a small rootless body, developed three different types of trichomes throughout the plant. The most peculiar type exhibiting rows of obvious, whitish, multicellular trichome clusters was noticed in the upper surface of the floating leaves. Eight to ten branches within a cluster extended ca. $370{\sim}420{\mu}m$ from the leaf surface. No stalk cell was found, however, four large epidermal cells were discernable at the base of four central branches in the cluster. Each branch consisted of $8{\sim}10$ obliquely-oriented small cells that gradually decreased in size toward the branch tip. The second type was found in the lower surface of the floating leaves, stems, and sporocarps. Multicellular uniseriate trichomes, ca. $430{\sim}980{\mu}m$ long, were distributed all over these structures. The tip of trichome was acicular, but a semi-spheric protuberance of approximately $24{\sim}32{\mu}m$ in diameter occurred at the base of each trichome. The protuberance appeared to be firmly attached to the side of the basal cell, however, internal connection to the trichome cell itself was uncertain. The third type was similar to the second in that multicellur uniseriate trichomes with acicular tip and a protuberance at the base were present. However, the trichomes were considerably long relative to the second type, and only occurred along the surface of highly dissected, submerged leaves. A majority of the trichomes exceeded more than 2 mm in length that hung downward in the water. Regardless of trichome type, all trichomes contained a huge central vacuole with very thin cytoplasm, resulting from the fusion of several vacuoles during early trichome development. The various densely-distributed trichomes formed in Salvinia natans probably play an important role in plant buoyancy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.210-217
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• 2013

The development of collaboration among information systems in accordance with changes in enterprises' business environment brings about the problems of duplication of the existing business services and increase in costs of maintenance. Accordingly, Web service has been suggested as the standard of distributed computing to prevent the duplication of services within the same business domain and to attain the services that are already being utilized. But since the data needed for Web services are not standardized, it is difficult for the users to find services that meet diverse business purposes. In this paper, we construct an ontology-based collaboration system for service interoperability. The ontology can support fusion service by finding services which are existed interdependently under the distributed environment for collaboration processing. The role of the collaborative system includes development, registration and call of services based on ontology. A local systems request collaboration support through the service profile. Collaborative system supports the development of service using the service profiles, represents the semantic association between real data through system ontology, and infers relationship between instances contained in the services. Based on this, we applied the travel booking services for collaboration system. As a result, service can be managed effectively preventing collision in collaborative system, and we verify that the mapping between system is reduced.