• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 2011

This study discribes performance of DEFC (Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell) utilized bio-ethanol based on fruit wastes. To produce the bio-ethanol, fruit wastes were treated at temperature $120^{\circ}C$ and 90minutes in acid pre-treatment. After pre-treatment was done, alcohol fermentation process was running. Initial alcohol concentration was 5%. Using the multi coloumn distillation system, more than 95% ethanol was distilled and each component of bio-ethanol was analyzed. In DEFC performance test, it was revealed that cell performance was much higher than that of ethanol. Comparing ethanol with mixed fuel (bio-ethanol (10%) + ethanol (90%)), the performance of ethanol was higher than that of mixed fuel. Even though the bio-ethanol from the fruit wastes is corresponded with transport ethanol standards, it thought that organic matter in bio-ethanol could be negative effect on fuel cell.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.8 s.279
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• pp.593-598
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• 2005

Polycarbosilane was synthesized by the Kumada rearrangement of polydimethylsilane in the presence of zeolite (ZSM-5) as a catalyst at $350^{\circ}C$. The prepared polycarbosilane had very low molecular weight ($M_w=500$), so that it was not suitable to fabricate SiC fiber by melt spinning. Further polymerization of PCS was conducted around $400^{\circ}C$ to obtain spinnable polycarbosilane. After polymerization, the polycarbosilanes were isolated by distillation according to the molecular weight distributions. The PCS with a controlled molecular weight distribution was spun into continuous polycarbosilane green fibers. The PCS green fiber was successfully transformed into silicon oxycarbide fiber. The room temperature strength of the SiC fiber was around 1.5 - 1.8 GPa. The oxidation behavior and the tensile strength after oxidation were also evaluated.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.273-284
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• 2011

The essential oil obtained by steam distillation from a medicinal plant of Artemisia princeps. The essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The heat treatments in roasted condition of temperatures were $80^{\circ}C$, $110^{\circ}C$, and $230^{\circ}C$, and the lengths of the time were 6 min, 10 min, and 14 min, respectively. The blanching conditions($100^{\circ}C$) of the treatments lasted 1 min, 2 min, and 5 min while the times of oven dry ($50^{\circ}C$) was 5 min. As the result, the essential oil content of the control plot was higher than the others, and that of the roasted ones was the second highest in low temperature with short treatment time. The major components were eucalyptol, cyclohexadience, phenol, terpineol, and caryopbyllene.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1094-1100
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• 2014

TEvaporator is key component in food, seawater distillation and waste water treatment system, which is basically to concentrate the raw liquid by evaporating the pure water under vacuum condition. The liquid concentration is performed through the membrane, electro-dialysis and evaporation. In this study, only the evaporating type was treated for evaluating the economic analysis with the various operating conditions. The results of this study showed that the performance of the OT-MSF desalination system is increased with decreasing the temperature difference between the neighboring evaporators, which means that the number of evaporators is increased, under the determined design conditions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1976

The hitherto existing gap in the field of chromatographic methods has been filled by the direct coupling of a suitable oven (TAS-oven) with TLC. The sample to be examined is heated either isothermally or linearly within the temperature gradient of $50{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. The volatile and/or thermolytically evolved substances are fractionated on the TLC-layer and subsequently chromatographed under standard conditions. Transport mechanisms from the sample to the TLC-layer, applications of the TAS-procedure and further developments are discussed. Thermofractography, developed from the TAS-procedure, is demonstrated on different groups of natural substances such as alkaloids, amino acids, nucleic acids. nucleosides, nucleotides, triglycerides and other lipids, pyrone glycosides and aglycon. Experimental work and results on the thermolysis of macromolecular natural and synthetic substances, natural polyphenols, tanning agents and leather and the possibilities of differentiating various lignins, carbohydrate and synthetic polymers are reported. Further, it is shown that classical reactions in the microgram range, e.g. zinc dust distillation, sulphur-and selenium dehydrogenation and catalytic dehydrogenation, can be coupled directly with TLC. Also described is a method which allows to investigate the gaseous compounds evolved during thermofractography in the range of up to $450^{\circ}C$. Thermal procedures coupled with TLC open up the following new possibilities for chemical microanalysis: fractionated separation of distillable and sublimable components, fractionated thermolysis and carrying out of thermal reactions in the ultra micro range.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.220-227
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is, based on the theoretical background of the principle of gas purification and absorption, and the absorbing ability of metals, to syudy the efficiency of gas purification of inorganic gases using Zr alloys, so as to contribute to the IT industry. To produce and distribute gas with high purity and ultra-high purity, different types of gas purifier are currently being used: distillation type, getter type, catalyst type, absorption at low-temperature type, and membrane separation equipment. From the different purification methods mentioned above, the getter type gas purifier is capable of not only high performance and capacity but also P.O.U(Point Of Use) method. The key of the getter type gas purifier is its efficiency of gas purification, which is the subject chosen for this study.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2008

To investigate the synergy effect on the pyrolysis of mixture of polyethylene(PE) and polystyrene(PS), the pyrolysis of PE, PS and the mixture of PE-PS was carried out in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and $450^{\circ}C$. The pyrolysis time was from 20 to 80 mins. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the distillation temperatures based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS showed that the new components produced by mixing were not detected. The synergy effect according to mixing of PE and PS did not also appear. The conversion and yield of mixtures were in proportion to the mixing ratio of sample.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2007

This paper is studied on the efficient purification process of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from the melt layer crystallization combining crystallization process, sweating process and distillation recovery process. Purity and yield of DMC crystal depended mainly on the crystallization temperature, cooling rate, sweating termperature sweating rate. Through the optimization of crystallization and sweating operation, DMC crystal can be upgraded to very high purity over 99.9% and high yield over 85%.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.840-847
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• 2010

In this study, we identified the volatile compounds of Artemisia princeps Pampan. cv. ssajuari (ssajuarissuk) essential oils and analyzed changes in the contents of volatile compounds under four different storage conditions, such as exposure to air at $20^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$. Sixty-five volatile compounds consisting of 6 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 23 oxygenated monoterpenes, 16 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 6 oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 1 diterpene, 6 benzene derivatives, and 7 non-isoprenoid compounds were identified on the basis of their mass spectra characteristics and retention indices from original ssajuarissuk essential oils. Identified compounds constituted 90.56% of the total peak area. Borneol (10.29%) was the most abundant compound in the original ssajuarissuk essential oils, followed by 1,8-cineole (9.06%), viridiflorol (8.99%), spathulenol (8.73%), $\alpha$-thujone (5.28%), and camphor (4.39%). After six months storage at $40^{\circ}C$ with the cap opened for 3 min everyday, the total amount of volatile compounds in essential oil as determined by the percentage peak area decreased by 84.93%. The total levels of cis-sabinene hydrate, camphor, 4-terpineol, humulene oxide, $\beta$-caryophyllene oxide, and caryophyllene alcohol increased significantly. For ssajuarissuk essential oils stored under experimental conditions, changes in the contents of volatile compounds in essential oils were accelerated by temperature and contact with the atmosphere.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2012

This study investigates the complete removal of nitrate and the recovery of valuable ammonium salt by the combination of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and a membrane contactor system. The NZVI used for the experiments was prepared by chemical reduction without a stabilizing agent. The main end-product of nitrate reduction by NZVI was ammonia, and the solution pH was stably maintained around 10.5. Effective removal of ammonia was possible with the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane contactor system in all tested conditions. Among the various operation parameters including influent pH, concentration, temperature, and contact time, contact time and solution pH showed significant effects on the ammonia removal mechanism. Also, the osmotic distillation phenomena that deteriorate the mass transfer efficiency could be minimized by pre-heating the influent wastewater. The ammonia removal rate could be maximized by optimizing operation conditions and changing the membrane configuration. The combination of NZVI and the membrane contactor system could be a solution for nitrate removal and the recovery of valuable products.