• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.53-63
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• 1999

For the close range digital photogrammetry, multi-step procedures should be embodied in an integrated system. However, it is hard to construct an Integrated system through conventional procedural processing. Using Object Oriented Programming(OOP), photogrammetric processings can be classified with corresponding subjects and it is easy to construct an integrated system lot digital photogrammetry as well as to add the newly developed classes. In this study, the equation of 3-dimensional mathematic model is developed to make an immediate calibration of the CCD camera, the focus distance of which varies according to the distance of the object. Classes for the input and output of images are also generated to carry out the close range digital photogrammetric procedures by OOP. Image matching, coordinate transformation, dirct linear transformation and bundle adjustment are performed by producing classes corresponding to each part of data processing. The bundle adjustment, which adds the principle coordinate and focal length term to the non-photogrammetric CCD camera, is found to increase usability of the CCD camera and the accuracy of object positioning. In conclusion, classes and their hierarchies in the digital photogrammetry are designed to manage multi-step procedures using OOP and close range digital photogrammetric process is implemented using CCD camera in an integrated System.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.9 no.1_2
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• pp.7-16
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• 1966

In order to determine the factors related to site quality, 13 areas of Larch growing in the Kwangung and its vicinity forest as sample plots, were examined. Sample plots included various site classes as well as age classes. Three were divided into two groups (major and minor trees). Average height of dominant trees was determined through messurement of 5 to 6 dominant tree in each sample plots. Average height of dominant 30 year-old trees was the basis for site index. A Standard Yield Table for the larch produced in Kwangnung forest was made by various data, which included age class 5, ranging from 10 to 45 years. The relationship of the height of the trees, the site conditions, and ground vegetation are investigated in this paper. The site indexes of 40 forest class age in 28-B and 28-G forest classes of the larch associations for ground vegetation had comparatively rarge differences due to the sampled areas. The relation of the direction of forest communities to the height and the diameter of the tree shwoed that its communiteis of northest and northwest parts appeared higher valueof the height and the diameter. The diameter and the height of trees were closely realted to each other. The samller the occupied area per tree and the smaller the average distance among trees, the more density was increased. The larger the density was the lower height of the trees. In the ground vegetation of the larch communities, there seems to be a definite correlation between the height of trees and the occupied area per tree or the average distance among the trees. The height of trees and site index of two larch communities were as follow: 28-B forest class site index 20.8, height 24.0m, 28-G forest class site index 18.4, height 20.9m. The ground layer was analyzed by the method of Quadrat(20/20sq. cm) with an interval of 1M. It set up 40 Quadrats of the larch communiteis. The community structure of the ground vegetation of two larch was analyzed, and important value was calculated and then evaluated. The ground vegetation under the larch had developed Burmannii Beauv stratal society below the 28-B and 28-G the forest class. Accordingly, the first important value of Burmannii Beauv was found in two ground vegetation below the larch. Therefore, this species could be quantitatively considered as the forest indicator species. Common species of each community appeared 18 species out of 34 species in the ground vegetation under two larch communities. The ground vegetation of the 28-B forest class showed more than that of the 28-G forest class. the similarity of the ground vegetation was measrued by the Frequency Index Community Coefficient. The differences between the associations were lcearly manifested by the ground vegetation tested by Gleason's Frequency Index of Community Coefficient for the analysis of each stratal society of all associations. According to F.I.C.C. the ground vegetation under two larch(28-B and 28-G) forest classes showed higher value. An investigation into the relationship of physical and chemical properties of soil and site was considered the next step to be taken in the study of the larch site classification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.675-681
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• 2021

Recently, the Ministry of Education stipulates in the distance class operation regulations that student lecture evaluations for distance learning subjects should be conducted at least twice per semester and the results should be disclosed to students. Therefore, the lecture evaluation of D college was compared with the first semester of 2020 and the first semester of 2021. As for the multiple-choice evaluation result of the distance learning mid-course evaluation, the overall average of the mid-course evaluation of the distance class in the first semester of 2020 increased from 4.1819 to 4.4000 in the mid-course evaluation in the first semester of 2021.In the case of the first semester of 2020, due to Corona 19, all non-face-to-face classes were held, but in the first semester of 2021, face-to-face classes increased. The overall satisfaction level rose from 4.18 points in the first semester of 2020 to 4.39 points in the first semester of 2021. The screen composition, sound and picture quality, playback time, face appearance, lecture material provision, and frequency of use of the top 3% and bottom 3% also increased. Despite the changes caused by the LMS replacement, which was a concern, student attendance, assignments, and test submission rates also increased compared to the previous year. The null hypothesis that 'the difference between the two scores is the same' is the null hypothesis because the probability of significance is 0.000 and less than 0.05 in the case of the best 3% of the test result of the test result of the mid-course evaluation of distance classes in the first semester of 2020 and the evaluation of the intermediate lectures in the first semester of 2021. As this was rejected, it can be seen that the best score for the 2021 school year has significantly increased compared to the first semester of 2020. Also, in the case of Worst 3% or less, the significance probability is 0.000, which is less than 0.05, so the null hypothesis that 'the difference between the two scores is the same' was rejected, indicating that the Worst score for the 2021 school year was significantly higher than that for the first semester of 2020.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.349-371
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• 2018

Some inequalities for quantum f-divergence of matrices are obtained. It is shown that for normalised convex functions it is nonnegative. Some upper bounds for quantum f-divergence in terms of variational and ${\chi}^2-distance$ are provided. Applications for some classes of divergence measures such as Umegaki and Tsallis relative entropies are also given.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2006

본 논문은 클래스들의 대표값들과 입력 벡터와의 거리를 사용한 새로운 퍼지 학습법칙을 제안한다. 이 새로운 퍼지 학습을 supervised IAFC(Integrated Adaptive Fuzzy Clustering) 신경회로망에 적용하였다. 이 새로운 신경회로망은 안정성을 유지하면서도 유연성을 가지고 있다. iris 데이터를 사용하여 테스트한 결과 supervised IAFC 신경회로망 4는 오류 역전파 신경회로망과 LVQ 알고리즘보다 성능이 우수하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.803-806
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• 2006

This letter addresses a structural disambiguation method for Korean adverbs based on the correlative relation constraints between adverbs and modifiees, and the morphological context information of sentences. Using the proposed method, we improved the dependency parsing accuracy of adverbs from 79.2 to 89%. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is especially expert in parsing adverbs which can modify multiple word classes or have a long distance dependency relation to their modifiees.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.1247-1263
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• 2019

In ordered trees, two randomly chosen vertices are said to be dependent if one lies under the other. If not, we say that they are independent. We consider several classes of ordered trees with uniform updegree requirements and find the generating functions for the trees with two marked dependent/independent vertices. As a result, we compute the probability for two vertices being dependent/independent. We also count such trees by the distance between two independent vertices.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2023

Non-trivial automorphisms of the unit disc in the complex plane can be classified by three classes; elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic automorphisms. This classification is due to a representation in the projective special linear group of the real field, or in terms of fixed points on the closure of the unit disc. In this paper, we will characterize this classification by the distance function of the Poincaré metric on the interior of the unit disc.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.2124-2132
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• 1999

Given a graph G=(V,E), Ld(2,1)-labeling of G is a function f : V(G)$\longrightarrow$[0,$\infty$) such that, if v1,v2$\in$V are adjacent, $\mid$ f(x)-f(y) $\mid$$\geq$2d, and, if the distance between and is two, $\mid$ f(x)-f(y) $\mid$$\geq$d, where dG(,v2) is shortest distance between v1 and in G. The L(2,1)-labeling number (G) is the smallest number m such that G has an L(2,1)-labeling f with maximum m of f(v) for v$\in$V. This problem has been studied by Griggs, Yeh and Sakai for the various classes of graphs. In this paper, we discuss the upper-bound of ${\lambda}$ (G) for a chordal graph G and that of ${\lambda}$(G') for a permutation graph G'.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.79-85
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• 2021

In a future society where cutting-edge science technology such as artificial intelligence becomes commonplace, the demand for talented people with basic knowledge of mathematics and science is expected to increase continuously, and the educational infrastructure suitable for the characteristics of future generations is still insufficient. In particular, in the case of students taking convergence courses including practical training, there was a problem in communication with the instructor. In this study, we looked at the current status of distance learning at domestic universities that came suddenly due to the global pandemic of COVID-19. In addition, a case study of the use of technology was conducted to facilitate the interaction between instructors and learners through case analysis of distance classes in convergence subjects. Therefore, this study aims to introduce the case of developing lecture contents for smooth convergence education in a non-face-to-face educational environment targeting the developed AI convergence courses and applying them to the education of enrolled students.