• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1859-1866
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• 2010

It is reported that about 80% of deer antlers (Cervi Pantotricuhum Cornu) produced in the world are consumed in Korea. Fraudulent replacement or mislabeling of costly deer antlers with cheaper ones, however, is one of the most common problems in the Korean deer antler market. Therefore, there is a continuous need for the development of genetic markers to discriminate between genuine and fraudulent deer antlers. This study was performed to develop a method for the identification and authentication of deer antlers using nucleotide sequence analysis against displacement loop of mitochondrial genome among four deer antlers, Cervus eleaphus sibericus, Cervus eleaphus bactrianus, Cervus eleaphus Canadensis, and Cervus eleaphus, originated from Russia, China, North America and New Zealand, respectively. As a result, multiple-alignment of mitochondrial displacement (D) loop region in 1.2 kb showed that, among the four deer antlers, a deleted sequence of about 70 bps was only found in Cervus elaphus bactrianus from China. Finally, Cervus elaphus bactrianus among nine samples of deer antlers were successfully identified by PCR using primer amplifying deleted D-loop. Cervus elaphus bactrianus was also confirmed from cloning the PCR products and their nucleotide sequence analyses were confirmed. However, no marker to identify Cervus eleaphus sibericus, Cervus eleaphus canadensis and Cervus eleaphus were found in the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial D-loop. Our results suggest that PCR for deleted D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA are useful for identification and authentication of deer antlers of Cervus elaphus bactrianus originating from China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9283-9289
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• 2014

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and represents approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among those younger than 15 years of age. Materials and Methods: This study investigated alterations in the displacement loop (d-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a risk factor and diagnostic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using mtDNA from 23 subjects diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the first 450 bp of the d-loop region were amplified and successfully sequenced. Results: This revealed 132 mutations at 25 positions in this region, with a mean of 6 alterations per subject. The d-loop alterations in mtDNA in subjects were all identified as single nucleotide polymorphisms in a homoplasmic distribution pattern. Mutant alleles were observed in all subjects with individual frequency rates of up to 95%. Thirteen mutant alleles in the d-loop region of mtDNA occurred with a high frequency. Novel alleles and locations were also identified in the d-loop of mtDNA as follows: 89 G insertions (40%), 95 G insertions (13%), 182 C/T substitutions (5%), 308 C insertions (19%), and 311 C insertions (80%). The findings of this study need to be replicated to be confirmed. Conclusions: Further investigation of the relationship between mutations in mitochondrial d-loop genes and incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia is recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.250-253
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• 2006

The in-pile Section (IPS) is subjected to flow-induced vibration(FIV) due to the flow of the primary coolant and then the structural integrity. The in-pile Section (IPS) of 3-pin Fuel Test Loop(FTL) shall be installed in the vortical hole call IR1 of HANARO reactor core. In order to verify the velocity and displacement both the inside region of IPS at the annular region of IPS, the vibration was measured by varing the flow rate on both regions. The displacements of fuel assembly in the in-pile Section (IPS) were found to be lower than the values of allowable design criteria.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.32.1-32.7
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• 2020

The mitochondrial genome of a species is an essential resource for its effective conservation and phylogenetic studies. In this article, we present sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of a threatened labeonine fish, Cirrhinus reba collected from Khulna region of Bangladesh. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,597 bp in size, which formed a circular double-stranded DNA molecule containing a total of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) with two non-coding regions, an origin of light strand replication (OL) and a displacement loop (D-loop), similar structure with other fishes of Teleostei. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated its close relationship with labeonine fishes. The complete mitogenome of Cirrhinus reba (GenBank no. MN862482) showed 99.96% identity to another haplotype of Cirrhinus reba (AP013325), followed by 90.18% identity with Labeo bata (AP011198).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1995.03a
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• pp.40-62
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• 1995

A micro positioning system using piezoelectric actuators have very wide application region such as ultra-precision machine tool optical device measurement system. In order to keep a high precision displacement resolution it to useful to take a position sensor and feedback of the error. From the practical point of view high-resolution displacement sensor systems are very expensive and it is difficult to make such a sensitive sensor work properly in a poor operational environment of industry. In this study a piezo-electric micro-depth control system which does not require position sensor but piezoelectric voltage feedback has been developed. It is driven by hysteresis-considering reference input voltage calculated in advance and actuator/sensor characteristics of piezoelectric materials. From the result of experiments a fast and stable response of micro-depth control system has been achieved and an efficient technique to control the piezoelectric actuator suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2004

Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from the displacement-loop (D-loop) region (436 bp) were genotyped and sequenced in Japanese Black beef cattle raised in the same herd. Correlation coefficients between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, maternal lineage, birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight, post weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were computed. The objective was to study the relationship between maternal and postnatal growth traits and to investigate if postnatal growth of calves to yearling age could be accurately predicted from mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed 17 maternal lineages and four mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. There were strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations among maternal traits ranging from 0.52 to 0.98. Similarly, among postnatal growth traits, most of the correlations were also strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.001); the highest correlation of 0.94 was between preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight. However, correlations between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and postnatal growth traits were very low, mostly negative and non-significant (p>0.05) ranging from -0.05 to 0.1. Prediction of postnatal growth from mitochondrial DNA yielded very low $R^{2}$ values ranging from 0.002 to 0.019. It was concluded that mitochondrial DNA polymorphism has no significant association with postnatal growth from birth to yearling age, and by implication, nuclear rather than cytoplasmic DNA, accounts for most of the genetic variation observed in postnatal growth of Japanese Black cattle. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA genotyping at an early age has no bearing on the accurate prediction of the future growth performance of calves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.515-518
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• 2006

A vibration test for a cylindrical rod inserted on the grid support structure was tested using the sine sweep excitation method with closed loop force control. The effect of the mounting location of a test rod on the vibration characteristics of a rod continuously supported by the full size($16{\times}16$) grid support was identified. An electromagnetic vibration shaker, non-contact displacement sensor and HP/VXI data acquisition device were used and TDAS software was also used as a data sampling and processing tools. The natural frequencies and mode shape of the test rod were consistent with the previous works of a rod vibration test with partial grids($3{\times}3,\;5{\times}5\;and\;7{\times}7$). The frequency characteristics of the rod according to the mounting location were shown clear discrepancies, but mode shapes were nearly same. As the test rod closes to the bottom clamping region of the spacer grid, peak vibration amplitudes of the rod become smaller.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.48-58
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• 1995

A micro positioning system using piezoelectric actuators have very wide application region such as ultra-precision machine tool, optical device, measurement systen. In order ro keep a high precision displacement resolution, they use a position sensor and feedback the error. From the practical point of view, a high-resolution displacement sensor system are very expensive and difficult to guarantee such sensitive sensors work properly in the hard opera- tion environment of industry. In this study, a micro-positioning grinding table which does not require position sensor but uses piezoelectric voltage feedback, has been developed. It is driven by hystersis-considering reference input voltage which calculated from computer and then uses actuator/sensor characteristics of piezoelectric materials. From the result of experiments we proved a fast and stable response of micro-positioning system and suggested efficient technique to control the piezoelectric actuator. And through grinding experiments, it is revealed that a characteristics of ground surfaces transient to plastic deformation as extremely small depth of grinding.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.172-178
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• 2002

One of the ever-increasing demands on the performances of heterodyne interferometers is to improve the measurement resolution, of which current state -of-the-art reaches the region of sub-nanometers. So far, the demand has been met by increasing the clock speed that drives the electronics involved fur the phase measurement of the Doppler shift, but its further advance is being hampered by the technological limit of modem electronics. To cope with the problem, in this investigation, we propose a new scheme of phase -measuring electronics that reduces the measurement resolution without further increase in clock speed. Our scheme adopts a super-heterodyne technique that lowers the original beat frequency to a level of 1 MHz by mixing it with a stable reference signal generated from a special phase- locked-loop. The technique enables us to measure the phase of Doppler shift with a resolution of 1.58 nanometer at a sampling rate of 1 MHz. To avoid the undesirable decrease in the maximum measurable speed caused by the lowered beat frequency, a special form of frequency up-down counting technique is combined with the super-heterodyning. This allows performing required phase unwrapping simply by using programmable digital gates without 2n ambiguities up to the maximum velocity guaranteed by the original beat frequency.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Three small scale hollow circular reinforced concrete columns with aspect ratio 4.5 were tested under cyclic lateral load with constant axial load. Diameter of section is 400 mm, hollow diameter is 200 mm. The selected test variable is transverse steel ratio. Volumetric ratios of spirals of all the columns are 0.302~0.604% in the plastic hinge region. It corresponds to 45.9~91.8% of the minimum requirement of confining steel by Korean Bridge Design Specifications, which represent existing columns not designed by the current seismic design specifications or designed by seismic concept. The longitudinal steel ratio is 2.017%. The axial load ratio is 7%. This paper describes mainly crack behavior, load-displacement hysteresis loop, seismic performance such as equivalent damping ratio, residual displacement and effective stiffness and flexural over-strength of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns with respect to test variable. The regulation of flexural over-strength is adopted by Korea Bridge Design Specifications (Limited state design, 2012). The test results are compared with nominal strength, result of nonlinear moment-curvature analysis and the design specifications such as AASHTO LRFD and Korea Bridge Design Specifications(Limited state design).