• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.1143-1165
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• 2015

In this work, various higher-order shear deformation plate theories for wave propagation in functionally graded plates are developed. Due to porosities, possibly occurring inside functionally graded materials (FGMs) during fabrication, it is therefore necessary to consider the wave propagation in plates having porosities in this study. The developed refined plate theories have fewer number of unknowns and equations of motion than the first-order shear deformation theory, but accounts for the transverse shear deformation effects without requiring shear correction factors. The rule of mixture is modified to describe and approximate material properties of the functionally graded plates with porosity phases. The governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived by employing the Hamilton's principle. The analytic dispersion relation of the functionally graded plate is obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. The effects of the volume fraction distributions and porosity volume fraction on wave propagation of functionally graded plate are discussed in detail. The results carried out can be used in the ultrasonic inspection techniques and structural health monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.354-360
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• 2001

By applying Eshelby's theory on the'transformation' and' inhomogeneity'problems of an ellipsoidal inclusion, a microscopic stress-strain is formulated for a composite material consisting of a matrix and a large number of aligned ellipsoidal inclusions. Some of the composites of practical interest, such as unidirectionally fiber- reinforced, Particle dispersion strengthened and layered composites can be treated by changing the axial ratios of the ellipsoidal inclusion. The macroscopic stress-strain relation obtained is applicable to elastic and elasto-plastic deformation of the composite in uniform loading.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.135-147
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• 1986

The simplification and the searching trends of complex data which assumed relationship between predictor variables and object variables are one of primary objective of ecological research. This study was aimed to apply cononical analysis consisting of canonical correlation analysis and canonical variate analysis related to lichen vegetation and several environmental variables which are elevation, height on grond, exposure side and cover values. Data collected from the Duckyoo National Park in August 1985. Lichen species was ranked by eqivocation information theory with cover values. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to one data set both set both environmental variables and lichem family. In order to make two sets of data matrix the scale of position vector ordination was calculated from the vector scalar product for lichen species. Canonical variate analysis was applied to rearranged data which was made by interval class code for environmental variables. The sharpness values was calculated in frequency of cotingency tables and the dispersion profiles of each species in classes of environmental variables was designed to extract component values based on the decomposition of expected frequencies in contingency table. The results of canonical correlation analysis revealed canonical first correlation value 0.815(89%), and second correlation value 0.083(11%). Significance test showed that the hypothesis of joint mutuallity of canonical correlation is accepted (P>0.05). The relation between canonical score of vegetation variables and that of environmental variable indicated linear tendency.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-190
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• 1991

Disk stellar luminosity function has been derived with stars in the Lowell Proper Motion Survey which contains about 9000 stars with ${\mu}\;{\geq}\;0".27$ of arc/yr, $8\;<\;m_{pg}\;<\;17$ and with bright stars in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) Star Catalogue, Luminosity function has been obtained with stars within 20 pc by Luyten's mean absolute magnitudes method using Reduced Proper Motion Diagram to select disk stars. Magnitudes and colors, in the SAO Star Catalogue as well as in the Lowell Proper Motion Survey have been transformed to the UBV system from the published UBV data. It has been found that stars which have higher proper motion than the original limit of the proper motion survey are missed, when the relation between the absolute magnitude and reduced proper motion is applied to sample stars without considering the dispersion in magnitude. Correction factors for missing stars have been estimated according to their limits of proper motion which are dependent on the absolute magnitude. Resulting luminosity function shows Wielen's dip at $M_B{\sim}10$, and systematic enhancement of stars on the average of about ${\Delta}\log\;{\Phi}\;(M_B){\sim}0.2$ compared with Luyten's luminosity function.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2006

Infrared color-color diagram of 10 giant molecular clouds are examined to explore the dust property from the COBE Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment of the 100, 140, and $240{\mu}m$ emission. Four of them, Taurus, Mon OB1, Gem OB1, and Chameleon, show the anti-correlation in $R_{100/140}-R_{140/240}$ plot and the horizontal distribution in $R_{100/240}-R_{140/240}$ plot, which disagree with those of theoretical calculation. These could be explained by the depletion of $100{\mu}m$ and the excess of $140{\mu}m$ emission, though no existing dust model could support them. Mean color temperature of the anti-correlation region appears to be lower than that of the linear region, whose temperatures are 15.3, 17.0 K, respectively. And the linear region shows large dispersion in the plot of intensity relation. Both imply that a star formation would be more active, but not homogeneous, in the linear region compared to the anti-correlation region.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.371-374
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• 2015

Classical Cepheids (hereafter Cepheids) belong to a class of important variable stars that can be used to determine distances to nearby galaxies via the famous period-luminosity (PL) relations, i.e. the Leavitt Law. In turn, these distances can then be used to calibrate a host of secondary distance indicators located well within the Hubble flow, and ultimately determine the Hubble constant in a manner independent of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements. Some recent progress in determining the Hubble constant to within ~ 3% level via the Cepheid-based distance scale ladder (the SH0ES and the Carnegie Hubble Program) were first summarized in this Proceeding, followed by a brief discussion on the prospect of using ultra-long period Cepheids (ULPC) in future distance scale work. ULPC are those Cepheids with periods longer than 80 days, which seem to follow a different PL relation than their shorter period Cepheids. It has been suggested that ULPC can be used to determine the Hubble constant in "one-step". However, based on the two ULPCs found in M31, it was found that the large dispersion in derived distance moduli leads to a less accurate distance modulus to M31 compared to the classical Cepheids. This finding might raise an alert regarding the use of ULPCs in future distance scale work.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 1991

본 글에서는 속이 찬 실린더(solid cylinder)에서의 비대칭 탄성파전파 문제를 풀기 위한 해석적 방법의 일부를 소개하고자 한다. 속이찬 실린더에 있어서는 측면벽의 경계조건에 상관없이 평 판에서의 Fourier 시리즈와 유사한 단순해가 존재하지 않는다고 밝혀져 왔다(1). 그러나 최근 발표된 본인의 논문(2)에서 지적된 것처럼, 매우 특별한 측면 경계조건을 갖는 경우에만 정해가 존재한다. 특히 탄성파전파에 관한 한, 이러한 정해는 물리적으로 볼 때 팽창파(dilatational wave)와 전단파(shear wave)가 서로 얽히지 않는 상태에 해당되기 때문에, 소위 "비혼합 해(uncoupled solution)"라 불린다. 이 "비혼합해(uncoupled solution)"의 실제 사용 예를 들면, 상술된 바와 같이 일반적인 측면 경계조건을 갖는 속이 찬 실린더 문제를 풀기 위한 시도함 수(trial function)로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 주지하는 바와 같이 자유측면벽(traction-free cylindrical wall)을 갖는 속이 찬 실린더는 공학적으로 매우 중요한 구조요소이다. 이 경우에는 측면벽의 경계조건으로 말미암아, 해가 정해의 형태로 존재하지 않는다. 특히 이 구조물에서의 탄성파전파 문제를 다루고자 할 때, 먼저 분산관계식(dispersion relation)을 구한 다음, 이를 이 용해 경계문제를 푸는 것이 상용적으로 사용되는 방법이다. 이 분산 관계식은 파장과 주파수 와의 관계를 나타내는 것으로, 그 복잡성으로 말미암아 이 식을 사용되는 수치해법으로 정확하게 구하는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 따라서, 본 글에서는 특별한 측면벽을 갖는 속이 찬 실린더의 비혼합해를 활용하여 자유측면벽을 갖는 속이 찬 실린더의 분산관계식(pochhammer의 분산관 계식이라 불린다)을 구하는 법을 설명하고자 한다. 이를 위해 비혼합해가 존재하는 측면경계조 건에 대해 먼저 살펴보고자 한다.조 건에 대해 먼저 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.128-134
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• 2003

Numerical study on interactions of waves and currents has considerable practical interests in coastal and ocean engineering. And wave-current interactions strongly influence wave characteristics, current profiles, and forces on offshore structures. Presence of currents affects wave properties such as wave height and wave profiles. Furthermore, in case of the irregular waves, it is more complicated problem. The propose of present study, using the one-dimensional wave-current numerical model is based on the extended Boussinesq equation(Madsen, 1991) and an alternative form of wave-current dispersion relation(Mohiuddin, 1999, 2000) including wave action concept, is to simulate wave propagation in a current field including the irregular waves and discuss applicability of the model in a wave-current field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.212-212
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• 2015

So far, geomorphologic dispersion due to the heterogeneity characteristics of flow paths in a basin has been demonstrated as a major factor affecting to the hydrologic response function of a catchment. This effect has considered by many previous studies taking into account flow path length factors, especially in the application of width function. Based upon the analysis of topographic index, another important geomorphologic factor extracted from DEM data, this work presents a new factor named saturation to evaluate its effects to the formation of the well-known instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) in Nash model and drainage structure in a river basin. First, the geomorphologic parameters corresponding to different saturation conditions are computed from DEM data with the support of GIS software. Then, in the combination of hydrologic and geomorphologic data, effective rainfall in each saturation degree and the Nash parameters are calculated using excel. Finally, the verification process with direct runoff data is conducted using Fortran programming. This process is applied to five sub-watersheds in Bocheong catchment ($485.21km^2$) in Korea where the necessary data are available and believable. The results from this approach will improve researchers and students'understandings about the relationship between rainfall and runoff and its relation with drainage structure within a catchment.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1992

A microwave free electron laser which consists of Marx generator, vacuum diode, bifilar helical wiggler, and guide solenoid was designed and constructed. The analysis of the magnetic field distributions of the bifilar helical wiggler and computer simulation of electron trajectories with the perpendicular effect of space charges led to the conclusion that the magnetic field distributions are suitable for the electron beam injection. Output frequency in a single $TE_{11}$