• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1999

Transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a new, non-invasive and easily applicable method to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics. Last 10 years, its use in Korea has been dramatically expanded, but the qualification of TCD laboratory has yet to be settled. Since duplex sonography is seldom used in Korea, we have to depend totally on TCD to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes. Thus, all of the available data from every detectabler cerebral arteries has to be obtained for accurate interpretation of TCD measurements. Moreover, flow direction and wave form should be concerned in addition to the flow velocity. In this article, I present technique to measure the anterior, meddle and posterior cerebral arteries, the internal carotid artery siphon and at cervical level, and the vertebral and the basilar artery, and normal values for these measurements which is essential for the adequate interpretation.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2006

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia, which induces several changes in the erythrocyte membrane and its cytoplasm, leading to alteration in the deformability. Techniques applied to measure this are based on filtration of erythrocyte suspension through a membrane and to obtain diffraction pattern under sheared conditions. Ektacytometry requiring less quantity of blood with disposable flow chamber used to measure the deformability of erythrocytes obtained from patients with diabetes and also associated with nephropathy and retinopathy. A decreasing trend of deformability in these patients is observed. The shape parameter form factor, as determined by image processing procedure, increases with the increased of blood glucose levels and shows a pattern similar to filtration time of erythrocyte suspensions through cellulose membranes. Further work is suggested to detect micro-level changes in cell membrane in diabetic patients

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

Excluding an operation remedy about an example of Traumatic Cervical Stenosis patient, by doing pattern identification such as blood stagnation in hospitalization for the early days and such as the stagnation of Oi for the middle days and such as Eum deficiency of liver and kidney for the last. We have done treatment by being based on method of therapy to promote blood flow to remove blood stasis and to promote the normal flow of Oi and to nourish the liver and the kidney. In result, we had remarkable conclusion and considered that we had to treat a patient like that appropriately by distinguishing & making a diagnosis correctly from now on. If we apply clinically by thinking of Oriental Medicine through more example of symptoms, we have considered that it will serve as a momentum that we can sympathize with the excellency of Oriental Medicine. In the future, we have considered that have to be necessary to make more researches and reports upon it.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.32-50
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• 2008

This study is concerned with examining the causes and symptoms of Woman various diseases and clearing up the situations of pulses and their treatment. Woman various diseases are said to be various kinds of diseases including the disorder of menstruation and genitals except pregnancy and postpartum diseases. The main contents are the penetration of heat into worm, the discharge of much blood, stomachache, and the postpartum cyst diseases. Among them, the nature of the diseases which often occur in the gynecology, such as the menstrual diseases and stomachache, were described comparatively in detail. The reason why heat penetrates into the worm is that the external germs come into it under its weakness. To treat it, heat should be removed and lumping blood should be sent out of body. Especially only after whether the disease is serious or not is examined, and just after the process of the disease is examined, the lumping blood can be eliminated. The ways to cure it by sweating a patient too much, getting him or her to vomit, or forcing him or her to be urinated too much, should be avoided. The disorder of menstruation, as the disease which most often occur among the diseases of gynecology, includes menstrual irregularity and blood discharge, and non-menstruation. Among them, non-menstruation and blood discharge are comparatively often discussed. When they are treated, lumping blood and cold energy should be cured well through getting rid of the lumping blood and making the blood vessel flow well. The difficult urination after childbirth, which comes from the weak urinary cist, makes symptoms such as the stuffy chest, the difficulty of lying down, and breathing with his or her back something. To urinate better, the ability of the urinary cist should be supplemented and improved. The principle of the treatment for Woman various diseases is to examine the situation of the pulse closely, then set up the way to treat it, and prescribe a patient. In this study, besides the treatment of Chinese herb medicine, the medicine for washing genitals and the medicine placed in the worm were used to cure Woman various diseases. This treatment is the beginning of the surgical treatment in the gynecology.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.256-265
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• 1997

Objectives：The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and differences of brain function in pervasive developmental disorder and developmental language disorder. Method：The subjects were composed of 14 cases of pervasive developmental disorder and 13 cases developmental language disorder. They were investigated by technitium-99m-EDC SPECT. All SPECT were visually assessed by two nuclear medicine specialists, and then quantified by region of interest including temporal, parietal cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Result：In both groups, cerebral blood flow was decreased in the temporal, parietal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum by visual assessment. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups by quantitative and qualitative assessment. Conclusion：These results suggest that pervasive developmental disorder and developmental language disorder are caused by defects in the interneural connection and that both disorders are spectrum disorders.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.293-313
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• 2001

The oriental-western Literatural study of Amnesia, the results were as follows. 1. esia is caused by qi-depression resulted from excessive thought and deficiency of the kidney resulted from congenital deficiency and deficiency of the heart, the disharmony between the heart and the kidney, phlegm, stagnant blood, loss of the blood etc. resulted from deficiency of the heart blood. 2. The treatment method of Amnesia is as follows, the highest frequence was growing blood-tranquilization-regulating spleen, in descending order removing phlegm-stagnant blood-relaxing the mind and invigorate the heart-spleen-kidney and much tonification qi-blood and growing nutrient qi-manifesting source qi and regulating the harmony between the heart and the kidney and maintaining patency for the flow of gi were the most treatment method. 3. The treatment medicine of Amnesia is as follows, the highest frequence was Kuei Bi Tang(歸脾湯) in decending order Jeng Ji Whan(定志丸), Su Seng Whan(壽星丸), Chun Whang Boo Sim Dan(天王補心丹), Ju Jak Whan(朱雀丸), Doo Dam Tang(導痰湯), Yin Sin Kuei Sa Dan(引神歸舍丹), Ga Gam Go Bon Dan(加減固本丸), Ryung Ji Go(寧志膏), Jang Won Dan(壯元丹), Tong Ol Tang(通鬱湯). 4. In oriental medicine functional physiology and pathology was significant in differential diagnosis and treatment and in western medicine it was explained organically and psychologically. 5. In western medicine As one of memory disorder Amnesia is divided into psychogenic amnesia and organic amnesia, and organic amnesia is divided into anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia and psychogenic amnesia is divided into localized amnesia, generalized amnesia selective amnesia.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1994

Thermography has proven to be an effective way to monitor near-surface blood flow in the body, as well as detecting sensitive changes accompanying painful conditions. Thermography is a non-invasive technique free of biological hazards. It provides a comfortable method of diagnosis and evaluation for neuropathic disorder and its treatment. The following are 3 cases of neuropathic disorder and treatment with follow-up thermography.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 1993

The pathophysiology and neural mechanism involved in Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder are highly controversial. In order to investigate the functional abnormalities of brain. In Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder, 42 children with Tourette's and chronic motor disorder underwent single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) using Tc-99m-HM-PAO. The results are summarized as follows : 1) 31.0% (13/42) of this series revealed perfusion defect in cerebral cortex. 2) 4.8% (2/42) revealed perfusion defect in basal ganglia. 3) 4.8(2/42) revealed perfusion defect in thalamus. 4) 16.7%(7/42) showed perfusion defect in cerebellum. 5) The frequency of abnormal perfusion showed no significant difference between tic with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 6) The frequency of abnormal perfusion showed no significant difference between Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder. These findings support the hypothesis of a possible involvement of brain dysfunction in the production of Tourette's and chronic motor tic disorder, and quantification of blood flow and co-registration with magnetic resonance imaging will increase the validity of this study.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.260-268
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• 2003

Object : This study was undertaken to define the mechanism of GwakHyangJungGiSan-induced relaxation in rabbit common carotid artery contracted by agonists. Method : In order to investigate the effect of GwakHyangJungGiSan on rabbit's contracted vascular ring detached from common carotid artery, vascular ring intact or damaged endothelium was used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of GwakHyangJungGiSan-induced relaxation, GwakHyangJungGiSan extract was infused into contracted vascular ring which had been pretreated by pretreatment of indomethacin(IM), tetraethylammonium chloride(TEA), $N{\omega}-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA)$. Result : GwakHyangJungGiSan blocks an inflow of $Ca^{2+}$ and relaxes vascular ring by the action of Nitric oxide from endothelium. Consequently when GwakHyangJungGiSan is prescribed, a rise in blood pressure by the resistance of peripheral vessel may be controlled to some extent and so it is anticipated that hypertension, a disorder of blood flow from the vascular contraction and vascular disease will be treated well.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.40-70
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• 1996

In the literatual study on the cerebral vascular dementia, the results were as follows : 1. Cerebral vascular dementia is so called apoplectic dementia, because it almost occurs after apoplexy, the attack rate has gradually increased by increase of life, so it exert a harmful influence to geriatric diseases. 2. The etiological factors are summarized on deficiency in the heart, kidney, liver(心, 腎, 肝虛), pathogenic wind(豊) pathogenic fire(火) phlegm(痰) and stagnated blood(瘀血) in the oriental medicine, and multiple cerebral infarction, cerebral anemia, decrease of cerebral vascular flow are etiological factors in the occidental medicine. 3. The region of infarction and attack of cerebral vascular dementia have a close connection, and generally the cerebral vascular dementia easily occur in injury of white matter of brain. 4. Symptoms of cerebral vascular dementia are dysphasia, walking disorder, hemiplegia, sensory paralysis, disturbance of memory, judgement, calculation, emotion incontinence, speech impediment, silence or talkative, lower thinking ability and depersonalization, and symptoms are aggravated by stage. 5. Therapeutic herb medicines are Palpungsan(八風散), Baepungsan(排風散), Jinsaanshinhwan(辰砂安神丸), Sabacksan(四白散), Kanghwalyupungsan(姜活愈風散), Woohwangchungshimhwan(牛黃淸心丸), and they are used to dispelling pathogenic wind(祛風), soothe the nerves(安神), dispel pathogenic heat from lung, nourish the blood(淸肺養血).