• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to research the health belief, perception and need of prevention program for musculoskeletal disease of office workers in a public corporation. Method: We surveyed 339 office workers at a industry based in Ahn Yang, Kyunggi Province, with questionnaires, during the period June 3rd - June 18th, 2004. Result: Forty-four percent of the subjects said they had musculoskeletal symptoms, and 10.9% said they had received medical treatment for musculoskeletal disease in the last year. Factors that affected perception of musculoskeletal disease were appeared to be perceived severity, perceived barrier, cue to action, marital status, regular exercise and age, and they explained 23.2% of perception of musculoskeletal disease. Factors that affected need of prevention program appeared to be perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and PC using hours, and they explained 20.8% of need of prevention program. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggested that in management the prevention of musculoskeletal disease for office workers, it should be considered nursing intervention strategies to reinforce health belief.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

The immunological mechanism of the responses to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation in mouse models were investigated by the suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and susceptibility to infection. However, there are some differences in immune suppression according to the different models as well as the irradiation protocols. Therefore, this review focused on the differences in the suppressive effects on CHS and DTH, and susceptibility to infection in relation to the different in vivo models. Recent advances in cytokine knockout mice experiments have the reexamination of the role of the critical cytokines in UVB-induced immune suppression, which was investigated previously by blocking antibodies. The characteristics of the suppressor cells responsible for UVB-induced tolerance were determined. The subcellular mechanism of UVB-induced immune suppression was also explained by the induction of apoptotic cells through the Fas and Fas-ligand interaction. The phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is believed to induce the production of the immune suppressive cytokine like interleukin-10 by macrophages. Therefore, the therapeutic UVB response to a skin disease, such as psoriasis, by the depletion of infiltrating T cells could be considered in the extension line of apoptosis and immune suppression.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2016

In recent years, in spite of medical advancement, tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide health problem. Although many laboratory methods have been developed to expedite the diagnosis of TB, delays in diagnosis remain a major problem in the clinical practice. Because of the slow growth rate of the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, isolation, identification, and drug susceptibility testing of this organism and other clinically important mycobacteria can take several weeks or longer. During the past several years, many methods have been developed for direct detection, species identification, and drug susceptibility testing of TB. A good understanding of the effectiveness and practical limitations of these methods is important to improve diagnosis. This review summarizes the currently-used advances in non-molecular and molecular diagnostics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2010

In recent years, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has become an important worldwide public health issue. Children are particularly vulnerable to ETS because they are still developing. ETS exposure causes a wide range of adverse health effects on childhood asthma. There is convincing evidence that ETS exposure is causally associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, increased severity of asthma and worsening asthma control in children who already have the disease, even though a causal relationship with asthma onset is not yet established for asthma incidence. Mechanisms underlying these adverse effects of ETS are not clearly elucidated but e studies on this issue suggest that genetic susceptibility, impaired lung function, and augmented airway inflammation and remodeling may be involved. Children with asthma are just as likely to be exposed to ETS as children in general and there is no risk-free level of exposure. Therefore, providing a smoke-free environment may be of particular importance to the asthmatic children exposed to ETS who have adverse asthma outcomes, as well as to children with genetic susceptibility who are at increased risk of developing asthma upon exposure to ETS in early childhood.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1997

Streptococcus suis has been identified as a major cause of contagious disease in pigs Ithas been isolated worldwide from pigs suffering from meningitis, bronchopneumonia, polyserositis, polyarthritis and septicemia. Two hundred and fifty-five lung samples of slaughter pigs with gross lung lesions were collected from Jan. to Dec. 1995 in southern Chonnam area. Isolation of S suis were tested by biochemical, serological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility. The results were summerrized as follows ; 1. S suis was Isolated from 30 of 254 pneumonic lungs, 14 Isolates were isolated only, 12 were isolated with p. multocida and 4 were isolated with unidentified Gram positive cocci. 2. In biochemical characteristics studies, all isolates were not grown in 6.5% NaCl medium, and most isolates utilized L-leucine-2-naphtylamide and trehalose, didn't utilize sorbitol, ribose and L-arabinose. 3. In slide agglutination test, 6(20%) Isolates were classified as serotype 2, 4(13.3%) isolates were as serotype l/2, 16, 2 and 2(6.6%) were as serotype 1, 4, 13. 4. S suis isolates showed marked susceptibility to amoxicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin and cepoferazone and high resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

Adult periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is not well defined. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D receptor gene has been a candidate for the susceptibility of adult periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the vitamin D receptor gene in nan periodontically healthy controls and 28 adult periodontitis patients. Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene was detected by PCR amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion and 2％ agarose gel electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the distribution of Taq I RFLP between healthy controls and adult periodontitis group (P > 0.05). Thus, Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene may not confer the susceptibility to adult periodontitis in Korean population. However, t allele distributions of this RFLP showed various frequencies among ethnic groups studied. Further studies in other ethnic groups will be required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4215-4218
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• 2015

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. It is the first cause of cancer deaths in both sexes In Iranian population. Circulating insulin-like growth factor-one (IGF-1) levels have been associated for gastric cancer. IGF-1 protein has central roles involved in the regulation of epithelial cell growth, proliferation, transformation, apoptosis and metastasis. Single nucleotide polymorphism in IGF-1 regulatory elements may lead to alter in IGF-1expression level and GC susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IGF-1 gene polymorphism (rs5742612) on risk of GC and clinicopathological features for the first time in Iranian population. In total, 241 subjects including 100 patients with GC and 141 healthy controls were recruited in our study. Genotypes were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay with DNA from peripheral blood. The polymorphism was statistically analyzed to investigate the relationship with the risk of GC and clinicopathological properties. Logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant association between rs5742612 and the risk of GC. In addition, no significant association between genotypes and clinicopathological features was observed (p value>0.05). The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 97%, 3%, and 0%, respectively, among the cases, and 97.9%, 2.1%, and 0%, respectively, among the controls. CC genotype was more frequent in cases and controls. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 98.9% and 1.1% in controls and 98.5% and 1.5% in patient respectively. Our results provide the first evidence that this variant is rare in Iranian population and it may not be a powerful genetic predisposing biomarker for prediction GC clinicopathological features in an Iranian population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2013

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) exists in a more common sporadic form and less common hereditary forms, associated with the Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and other rare syndromes. Sporadic CRC is believed to arise as a result of close interaction between environmental factors, including dietary and lifestyle habits, and genetic predisposition factors. In contrast, hereditary forms such as those related to the Lynch syndrome result from inheritance of germline mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes. However, in certain cases, the influence of low penetrance alleles in familial colorectal cancer susceptibility is also undeniable. Aim: To investigate the genotype frequencies of MLH1 promoter polymorphism -93G>A and to determine whether it could play any role in modulating familial and sporadic CRC susceptibility risk. Methods: A case-control study comprising of 104 histopathologically confirmed CRC patients as cases (52 sporadic CRC and 52 Lynch syndrome patients) and 104 normal healthy individuals as controls was undertaken. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the polymorphism was genotyped employing PCR-RFLP methods. The genotypes were categorized into homozygous wild type, heterozygous and homozygous variants. The risk association between these polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility risk was calculated using binary logistic regression analysis and deriving odds ratios (ORs). Results: When risk association was investigated for all CRC patients as a single group, the heterozygous (G/A) genotype showed a significantly higher risk for CRC susceptibility with an OR of 2.273, (95%CI: 1.133-4.558 and p-value=0.021). When analyzed specifically for the 2 types of CRC, the heterozygous (G/A) genotype showed significantly higher risk for sporadic CRC susceptibility with and OR of 3.714, (95%CI: 1.416-9.740 and p-value=0.008). Despite high OR value was observed for Lynch syndrome (OR: 1.600, 95%CI: 0.715-3.581), the risk was not statistically significant (P=0.253). Conclusion: Our results suggest an influence of MLH1 promoter polymorphism -93G>A in modulating susceptibility risk in Malaysian CRC patients, especially those with sporadic disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2009

Biomarkers are characteristic biological properties that can be detected and measured in a variety of biological matrices in the human body, including the blood and tissue, to give an indication of whether there is a threat of disease, if a disease already exists, or how such a disease may develop in an individual case. Along the continuum from exposure to clinical disease and progression, exposure, internal dose, biologically effective dose, early biological effect, altered structure and/or function, clinical disease, and disease progression can potentially be observed and quantified using biomarkers. While the traditional discovery of biomarkers has been a slow process, the advent of molecular and genomic medicine has resulted in explosive growth in the discovery of new biomarkers. In this review, issues in evaluating biomarkers will be discussed and the biomarkers of environmental exposure, early biologic effect, and susceptibility identified and validated in epidemiological studies will be summarized. The spectrum of genomic approaches currently used to identify and apply biomarkers and strategies to validate genomic biomarkers will also be discussed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2018

The infection status of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae (CsMc) was examined in freshwater fish from a highly prevalent site, Wicheon (a branch of Nakdong-gang), which is located in Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 1,162 fish in 32 species were examined by the artificial digestion method through 6 years. CsMc were detected in 720 (67.5%) out of 1,067 fish (26 spp.) and their density was 610 per fish infected. In the susceptible gobioninid fish group, i.e., Pungtungia herzi, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae and Pseudorasbora parva, all of 323 fish were infected with an average of 1,310 CsMc. Total 23 (95.8%) gobioninid fish, i.e., Pseudogobio esocinus, Abbottina springeri, Hemibarbus longirostris, Microphysogobio koreensis, and Microphysogobio jeoni, were infected with 127 CsMc in average. In the acheilognathinid fish (bitterlings) group, the prevalence was 77.0%, and the density was 50 CsMc per fish infected. In the rasborinid fish (chubs) group, i.e., Zacco platypus, Zacco temminckii, Zacco koreanus, and Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, 147 (36.5%) out of 403 fish examined were infected with 15 CsMc in average. The susceptibility indices of CsMc were 412 in the overall positive fish group, 1,310 in the gobioninid group-1, 122 in the gobioninid group-2, 38.5 in the acheilognathinid group, and 5.5 in the rasborinid fish group. Conclusively, it was confirmed that CsMc are highly prevalent in fish from Wicheon, and their infection tendency varied according to the subfamily groups in Cyprinidae fish hosts.