• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1471-1475
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• 2014

Background: The epidemiological patterns of cancer incidence have been investigated widely in western countries. Nevertheless, information is quite limited in Jiangxi province, southern China. Materials and Methods: All data were reported by 6 population-based cancer registries in Jiangxi Province. The results were presented as incidence rates of cases by site (ICD-10), sex, crude rate (CR), age-standardized rates (ASRs) and truncated incidence rate (TR) per 100,000 person-years, using the direct method of standardization to the world population. Results: 8,765 new cancer cases were registered in our study during the period 2009-2011. Diagnosis of cancer was based on histopathology in 61.0%, clinical or radiology findings in 4.87% and death certificate only (DCO) in 3.0% of the cases. The median age at diagnosis was 62.0 years (mean, 61; standard deviation, 15). The ASRs were 170.8 per 100,000 for men and 111.2 for women. The ASRs for all invasive cancers from the urban areas (145.7 per 100,000) was higher than that of rural areas (137.1). Incidence rates for lung cancer were higher in rural (35.8) than in urban areas (27.0). Similarly, relatively high rates were observed for stomach cancer in rural (20.1) relative to urban areas (15.5). Conclusions: Our results reveal that the most common cancers were breast and lung in women and lung and liver in men. Interestingly, this study suggested a higher incidence rates for lung and stomach cancer in rural males than in urban population, which may suggest other potential causes, such as over-consumption of smoked meats and high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. Public education and the promotion of healthy lifestyles should be actively carried out.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.279-291
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the association between air pollutant levels and medical usage rates for environmental disease in a general residential area during the period 2015-2017. Methods: Air pollutant (PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃) data were collected from Air-Korea. Medical usage data on environmental disease (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) for the period 2015-2017 in a general residential area in Gyeongsangnam-do Province were provided by the National Health Insurance Corporation. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to investigate the association between air pollutant levels and medical usage rates (SAS 9.4). In the multiple regression analysis, environmental disease was set as the dependent variable and air pollutants were set as independent variables and analyzed using the General Linear Model. Results: Except for PM_2.5, the average concentration of air pollutants in the surveyed area was below than the air environment standards of Korea. NO₂ was higher than Korea's national average, but CO was similar. The others were lower than the Korea's national average. The daily medical usage rates for environmental disease were 1.38‰ for asthma, 9.90‰ for allergic rhinitis, and 0.32‰ for atopic dermatitis. As a result of correlation analysis, PM₁₀ and SO₂, NO₂ and CO were significantly correlated with asthma, PM₁₀ and NO₂ and CO were correlated with allergic rhinitis, and PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, SO₂, NO₂ and CO were correlated with atopic dermatitis. As a result of multiple regression analysis, PM₁₀ and SO₂ were found to have a higher effect on asthma, PM₁₀ and NO₂ on allergic rhinitis, and SO₂ and NO₂ on atopic dermatitis, compared to other air pollutants. Conclusion: According to these results, air pollutants such as PM₁₀ and SO₂ and NO₂ were associated with the medical usage rates of environmental disease even in relatively low concentrations. Therefore, continuous monitoring will be required for general residential areas.

• Plant Disease and Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 1995

Infection rate of witches'-broom disease (WB) was observed yearly in transplanted jujube seedlings for 7 years. Seedlings of‘Hongan’grafted either on the rootstock from seed (RS) or on the rootstock from rooting (RR) were planted in separate farms. Occurrence of the disease was determined 4 years after transplanting with the witches'-broom symptom. Only 1 seedling of RS was infected with WB, while 56 seedlings of RR showed WB. Yearly infection rates of WB were observed in several varieties of jujube including‘Boeun’,‘Keumsung’,‘Moodeung’,‘Bokjo’,‘Koori’(10 trees for each in Cheongjoo), and‘Hongan’(165 trees in Boeun). In most varieties, WB first appeared in the third year from transplanting, and in the seventh year, more than 80% of the total tree showed WB. The yearly infection rate of newly infected trees was almost. stable during the first years. However, the ratio sharply increased from the sixth year. The accumulated infection rate of WB increased double, year by year from the third to seventh year. Between Cheongjoo and Boeun, no difference in infection rates was found.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 1995

This study is aimed to clarify on the influence of cultivated conditions and fungicides on development of Rhizoetonia diseases of zoysiagrass and creeping bentgrass and results are as follows. Infection rates of disease were observed more serious when inoculum amounts were higher than low. Effects of the watering intervals on the severity of disease with artificial inoculating conditions, infection rates were higher when two days watering interval for creeping bentgrass and one day interval for zoysiagrass. Disease severity of creeping bentgrass incited by Rhizoetonia solani AG 1 (1A) was grater under conditions of double amounts of nitrogen fertilization. A posi- tive correlation was founded between the pH and disease development. The pots with pH 5 and 8 were significantly more diseased grass than those in which the pH was in 6.5. Mepronil and myclobutanil were extremely effective against brown patch of creeping bentgrass and large patch of zoysiagrass and followed by capro, and tebeonazole. Fenari was inferior effect to both diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the pathogen of paratuberculosis called Johne's disease. Johne's disease is hardly eliminated because of its long latent period and continuous dissemination, so it is found in ruminants worldwide and can cause substantial economic losses in cattle. It has been reported in many studies on the distribution of Johne's disease in some provinces of Korea that not many, but noticeable numbers of infected cows have been detected since the first detection in 1984. The aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Johne's disease obtained from slaughtered cattle in central area of Gyeongnam province, Korea. In this study, the ELISA serum antibody test and PCR were employed on a total of 240 blood and ileac substrate samples from slaughtered cattle in two slaughtering and wholesale centers in Gyeongsangnam-do Livestock Veterinary Research Institute Central Branch. Out of the entire 240 blood samples, three (1.3%) were positive by ELISA, while five (2.1%) were suspected cattle. But ileac substrate samples, eight (3.3%) were positive by PCR. By breeds, positive rates of ELISA and PCR in Korean native cattle were 1.3% and 3.5%, respectively, but no positive cows were found in dairy cattle. By provinces, sero-positive rates of Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk were 1.6% and 1.3%, respectively. And PCR positive rates of Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk and other provinces were 2.4%, 5.0% and 2.8%, respectively. These results indicate that it requires the nationwide monitoring test and measure to deal with subclinically infected slaughtering cows.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.163-168
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• 2013

Objective: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an assisted reproductive technique for couples carrying genetic risks. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary neuropathy, with a prevalence rate of 1/2,500. In this study, we report on our experience with PGD cycles performed for CMT types 1A and 2F. Methods: Before clinical PGD, we assessed the amplification rate and allele drop-out (ADO) rate of multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by fragment analysis or sequencing using single lymphocytes. We performed six cycles of PGD for CMT1A and one cycle for CMT2F. Results: Two duplex and two triplex protocols were developed according to the available markers for each CMT1A couple. Depending on the PCR protocols, the amplification rates and ADO rates ranged from 90.0% to 98.3% and 0.0% to 11.1%, respectively. For CMT2F, the amplification rates and ADO rates were 93.3% and 4.8%, respectively. In case of CMT1A, 60 out of 63 embryos (95.2%) were diagnosed and 13 out of 21 unaffected embryos were transferred in five cycles. Two pregnancies were achieved and three babies were delivered without any complications. In the case of CMT2F, a total of eight embryos were analyzed and diagnosed. Seven embryos were diagnosed as unaffected and four embryos were transferred, resulting in a twin pregnancy. Two healthy babies were delivered. Conclusion: This is the first report of successful pregnancy and delivery after specific PGD for CMT disease in Korea. Our PGD procedure could provide healthy babies to couples with a high risk of transmitting genetic diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

The best way to prevent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) constantly occurring in Korea will be vaccination. In this study, FMD vaccines were given to Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), dairy cattle, and pigs to investigate the antibody positive rate of FMD vaccine by age in year and month. Hanwoo, dairy cattle, and pigs showed antibody positive rates of 99.5%, 97.7%, and 95.9%, respectively. High antibody positive rates more than 95% were found in Hanwoo and dairy cattle. In particular, high antibody positive rates were found in Hanwoo and dairy cattle regardless of age. Pigs showed a relatively low antibody positive rate of 57.6% at 3 months of age and then constantly maintained a high antibody positive rate of above 95.0% after 4 months of age. As a result of this study, high antibody positive rates were found when regular FMD vaccination was given to newborn calves and piglets after FMD vaccination twice to them. Therefore, it is considered the most important to receive vaccination thoroughly according to vaccination plan in order to prevent FMD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common airway disease that has considerable impact on disease burdens and mortality rates. A large number of articles on COPD are published within the last few years. Many aspects on COPD ranging from risk factors to management have continued to be fertile fields of investigation. This review summarizes 6 clinical articles with regards to the risk factors, phenotype, assessment, exacerbation, management and prognosis of patients with COPD which were being published last year in major medical journals.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 1992

Gated blood pool scan is frequently used for evaluating the change in cardiac function in various cardiac diseases. But resting gated blood pool scan using only LVEF as a cardiac index has been consitently shown to have a low sensitivity, which is about 50%, in detecting coronary artery disease. So it is recommended to compare exercise gated blood pool scan to resting gated blood pool scan. Exercise tests, however, are not always possible, especially in patients with musculoskeletal diseases, recent myocardial infarction and in elderly persons. We studied the usefulness of resting gated blood pool scan using multiple indices in evaluating the patients with coronary artery disease. Studied cases were 185 patients with coronary artery disease (angina pectoris 31, myocardial infarction 154) and 25 normals with low likelihood of coronary artery disease. We used $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ RBC, 740 MBq labeled by in vivo method. The data were evaluated by Micro DELTA computer program. The results were as following: 1) The ejection rates (PER, AER) and filling rates (PFR, AFR) were different in normls and patients with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. 2) Mean phase angle, ejection rates and filling rates could separate normals from coronary artery disease patients with normal LVEF. 3) Regional ejection fraction was decreased at the site of the infarct in patients with myocardial infarction. 4) Peak filling rate was the the most detectable index in evaluation of cardiac function in patients with coronary artery disease. 5) The threshold at 1.5 standard deviation of normal range was considered as the most reliable cut-off value from ROC analysis. These data suggest that the resting gated blood pool scan has an important role in the evaluation of cardiac functional changes using various cardiac indices in patients with coronary artery disease.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

It is widely accepted that Parkinson's disease(PD) is the most common cause of hypokinetic dysarthria, and its characteristics of 'short rushes of speech' have become more evident along with the severity of motor disorders. Speech alternate motion rates (AMRs) are particularly useful for observing not only rate abnormalities but also deviant speech. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics of 'short rushes of speech' in terms of AMRs of PD except for the perceptual characteristics. The purpose of this study was to examine which acoustic features of 'short rushes of speech' in terms of AMRs are a robust indicator of Parkinsonian speech. Numbers of syllabic repetitions (/pə/, /tə/, /kə/) in AMR tasks were analyzed through acoustic methods observing a spectrogram of the Computerized Speech Lab in 9 patients with PD. Acoustically, we found three characteristics of 'short rushes of speech': 1) Vocalized consonants without closure duration(VC) 76.3%; 2) No consonant segmentation(NC) 18.6%; 3) No vowel formant frequency(NV) 5.1%. Based on these results, 'short rushes of speech' may affect the failure to reach and maintain the phonatory targets. In order to best achieve the therapeutic goals, and to make the treatment most efficacious, it is important to incorporate training methods which are based on both phonation and articulation.