• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance of T1 high signal intensity on the globus pallidus as a predictor of severe hepatic encephalopathy in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is a distinct syndrome characterized by multi-organ dysfunction including cerebral failure. Materials and Methods: From January 2002 to April 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) features of 74 consecutive patients (44 men and 30 women; mean age, 59.5 years) with liver cirrhosis. The chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure assessment score was used to diagnose ACLF. The pallidal index (PI), calculated by dividing the mean signal intensity of the globus pallidus by that of the subcortical frontal white matter were compared according to ACLF. The PI was compared with the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in predicting the development of ACLF. Results: Fifteen patients who were diagnosed with ACLF had higher hepatic encephalopathy grades (initial, P = 0.024; follow-up, P = 0.002), MELD scores (P < 0.001), and PI (P = 0.048). In the ACLF group, the mean PI in patients with cerebral failure was significantly higher than that in the patients without cerebral failure (1.33 vs. 1.20, P = 0.039). In patients with ACLF, the area under the curve (AUC) for PI was 0.680 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.52-0.85), which was significantly lower than that for the MELD score (AUC, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-0.99) (P = 0.04). Conclusion: The PI can be an ancillary biomarker for predicting the development of ACLF and severe hepatic encephalopathy.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2019

Heart rate is a relatively simple and non-invasive method that is used as an important physiological indicator in many studies and has a close relationship with heart structure and function, cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. In general, appropriately low heart rate during resting means effective heart function and cardiovascular fitness; heart rate at recovery is an important indicator of health and disease condition. We found a beagle dog (Dog_1) with a high heart rate in the previous preliminary experiment. Therefore, purpose of this study was to compare the heart rate response of the Dog_1 with the control group during 12 weeks of interval exercise, to evaluate the structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and to verify the applicability of exercise program. Heart rate was checked during 12 weeks of interval exercise, and after the exercise was over, imaging examination and hematological and serum biochemistry were performed. As a result, Dog_1 (165.6 ± 1.5) showed significantly higher heart rate in low intensity session of interval exercise than control group (133.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01). In addition, Dog_1 (181.2 ± 1.4) showed significantly higher heart rate than control group (155.1 ± 0.9) in high intensity session (p < 0.01). The heart rate (30 sec, 60 sec) during recovery state was higher in Dog_1 (30 sec: 156.8 ± 4.0, 60 sec: 166.8 ± 5.8) than in the control group (30 sec: 111.2 ± 2.5, 60 sec: 104.0 ± 5.1, p < 0.01). The results of the imaging examination of Dog_1 with high heart rate confirmed that the heart had no functional and structural abnormalities. All beagles with the interval exercise program did not show maladjustment, and in the hematological and serum biochemistry results, all the parameter were within the reference range. If the interval exercise program of this study is used in the future, it is expected to be used as an important basic data to achieve the purpose of health, welfare, and physical fitness improvement of dogs.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the results of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFX) for early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients with cT1-2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis who had undergone HFX, performed using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT, n = 66) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT, n = 19) were analyzed. For all patients, radiotherapy was administered at 60.75 Gy in 27 fractions. Forty-three patients received a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 2.3-2.5 Gy per tumor fraction. Results: The median follow-up duration was 29.9 months (range, 5.5 to 76.5 months). All patients achieved complete remission at a median of 50 days after the end of radiotherapy (range, 14 to 206 days). The 5-year rates for locoregional recurrence-free survival was 88.1%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.2%. T2 stage was a prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy (p = 0.002). SIB for the tumor did not affect disease control and survival (p = 0.191 and p = 0.387, respectively). No patients experienced acute or chronic toxicities of ≥grade 3. IMRT significantly decreased the dose administered to the carotid artery as opposed to 3D CRT (V₃₅, p < 0.001; V₅₀, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients treated with HFX achieved acceptable locoregional disease control rates and overall survival rates compared with previous HFX studies. A fraction size of 2.25 Gy provided good disease control regardless of SIB administration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Background: This research was performed to investigate the effects of Pulsatilla Koreana NAKAI pharmacopuncture (PPA) therapy on intestinal disease in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: The subjects were divided into five groups : A control group, saline group, pharmacopuncture group PPA1 ($0.2mg/1kg/40{\mu}{\ell}$), pharmacopuncture group PPA2 ($0.5mg/1kg/40{\mu}{\ell}$), and pharmacopuncture group PPA 3($1mg/1kg/40{\mu}{\ell}$). The experimental model of colitis was induced by infection of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for eighteen days. After colitis was induced, PPA therapy was practiced on the Chunchu (ST25) once every two days for a total six times. Thereafter Disease Activity Index (DAI), colon length, damage to the colonic mucosa, body weight, IL-6, IL-10, $IL-1{\beta}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TGF-{\beta}1$, IL-23 and IL-17 were measured. Results: The results were as follows. 1. DAI was significantly decreased in the PPA groups. 2. Colon length was significantly increased in the PPA groups. 3. Damage of colonic mucosa was observed less in the PPA groups. 4. Body weight was significantly increased in the saline group and the PPA groups. 5. The PPA2 group showed a significant decrease in the intensity of IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels and the mean of IL-23. 6. The PPA3 group showed a significant increase in the intensity of IL-10 and $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels. 7. No significant differences were shown in the mean of IL-17. Conclusion: These results suggest that PPA therapy on Chunchu (ST25) can be used as an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the systemic and local effects of doxycycline (DOX) and low-intensity laser (LIL) treatment as adjuvants to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods: The sample consisted of 180 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar), of which 30 did not receive induction of periodontal disease (negative control [NC] group) and 150 received induction of periodontal disease in the lower first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were divided into the following groups: NT (no treatment), SRP (SRP), DOX (SRP and DOX irrigation), LIL (SRP and laser irradiation), and DOX+LIL (SRP, DOX, and LIL). The animals were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days; thereafter, biochemical, radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Results: In the intragroup analysis, lower concentrations of α-1-glycoprotein acid (α-1-Ga) and complement 3 (C3) were observed in the DOX+LIL group than in all other groups at all time points, as well as lower levels of complement 4 (C4) at 15 and 30 days (P<0.001). Less bone loss was observed in the DOX, LIL, and DOX+LIL groups than in the NC and SRP groups at all time points (P<0.001). There was a smaller number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the DOX+LIL group than in the other groups at all time points (P<0.001). Positive correlations were observed between the systemic levels of α-1-Ga, C3, and C4 and the number of TRAP-positive cells. Conclusions: The combination of DOX with LIL as SRP adjuvants was effective both systemically and locally for the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2023

Purpose: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic, idiopathic bowel disorder that can progress to partial or complete bowel obstruction. At present, there are no reliable diagnostic tests that can readily distinguish between acute inflammatory, purely fibrotic and mixed inflammatory and fibrotic. Our aim is to study the utility of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in combination with shear wave elastography (SWE) to differentiate fibrotic from inflammatory strictures in children with obstructive CD of the terminal ileum. Methods: Twenty-five (19 male) children between 2016-2021 with CD of the terminal ileum were recruited into the study. Among these patients, 22 had CEUS kinetic measurements of tissue perfusion, including wash-in slope (dB/sec), peak intensity (dB), time to peak intensity (sec), area under the curve (AUC) (dB sec), and SWE. In total, 11 patients required surgery due to bowel obstruction. Histopathologic analysis was performed by a pathologist who was blinded to the CEUS and SWE test results. Results: Patients that underwent surgical resection had significantly higher mean area under the curve on CEUS compared to patients responsive to medical therapy (p=0.03). The AUC also correlated with the degree of hypertrophy and the percent fibrosis of the muscularis propria, as determined by histopathologic grading (p<0.01). There was no difference in the mean elastography measurements between these two patient groups. Conclusion: CEUS is a useful radiological technique that can help identify pediatric patients with medically refractory obstructive fibrotic strictures of the terminal ileum that should be considered for early surgical resection.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.342-352
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• 2018

이 연구는 중년여성의 심뇌혈관질환 예방관련 지식, 신체활동 실천율이 건강행위에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위한 연구이다. 자료수집은 경북 북부지역 24개 읍면동지역에 거주하는 중년여성 142명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 시행되었다. 연구기간은 2017년 10월부터 11월까지 2개월간 시행되었다. 수집한 자료는 기술통계와 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과 건강행위에 영향을 미치는 요인은 심뇌혈관질환 예방관련지식의 음주(${\beta}=0.15$, p=.009), 식이(${\beta}=0.16$, p=.003), 고강도의 신체활동 실천율(${\beta}=0.14$, p=.011), 일반적 특성의 결혼상태(${\beta}=0.19$, p<.001), 본인건강관심도(${\beta}=0.23$, p<.001), 자신의 건강을 나쁘게 인식하는 경우 (${\beta}=0.31$, p<.001)이었다. 이러한 변수들은 건강행위와 유의한 변수를 보정변수로 추가하여 분석한 것으로 회귀식의 적합도는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다(F=16.46, p<.001). 주요 변수 간의 관계에서 건강증진행위는 심뇌혈관질환 예방관련 지식(r=.41, p<.001)과 신체활동 실천율(r=.44, p<.001)과 유의한 양적 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 연구결과를 바탕으로 추후 중년 여성의 건강행위 증진을 위하여 질환 예방 지식과 신체활동 실천율 지지를 반영한 실천적인 중재프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요하겠다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2002

목적 : 척추종판 주위 골수를 주로 침범하는 Medic I형 퇴행성 척추와 감염성 척추염은 고식적 자기공명영상에서 유사한 신호강도를 보여 간혹 감별이 어려운 경우가 있다. 퇴행성 척추와 감염성 척추염의 감별에 있어 확산강조 자기공명영상의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: CT 유도하 조직검사 혹은 임상 적으로 진단이 가능하였던 감염성 척추염 14예와 Medic I형 퇴행성 척추 8예를 대상으로 하였다 전 예에서 스핀 에코와 확산강조 척추 자기공명 영상을 시행하였다 확산강조 영상은 PSIF(reversed fast imaging with steady-state precession) 기법에 의래 시행되었다. 퇴행성 척추와 감염성 척추염의 스핀 에코와 확산강조영상에서 침범골수의 신호강도를 비교하였다. 결과: T1-강조영상에서는 Medic I형의 퇴행성 척추와 감염성 척추염 모두에서 저신호강도를 보였다. T2-강조영상에서는 Medic I형의 퇴행성 척추는 모두 고신호강도를 보였고, 감염성 척추염은 11예에서는 고신호강도를, 3예에서는 불균질한 혼합신호강도를 보였다. 확산강조영상에서는 Modic I형의 퇴행성 척추는 전 예에서 정상 척추에 비해 저신호 강도로 보였으나, 감염성 척추염은 11예서는 고신호강도로, 3예서는 저신호강도로 보였다. 퇴행성 척추의 경우 저신호강도 주위로 고신호강도를 동반하였다. 결론: 결론적으로 확산강조 자기공명영상은 Medic I형 퇴행성 척추와 감염성 척추염의 감별에 도움을 준다. 확산강조 영상에서 고신호강도를 보이는 경우는 감염성 척추염을 시사하는 소견이며, 주위 고신호강도를 가지는 저신호강도는 Medic I형 퇴행성 척추를 시사한다 총담관 확장의 원인을 찾는데 있어서 MRCP는 총담관 원위부 협착 및 만성 췌장염, 역동적 MRCP를 이용한 생리적 총담관의 확장, 조영증강 MRI 를 통한 담관염 및 담관 외 병소의 발견 등에 있어서 도움이 되는 것으로 생각된다.여를 요구하게 되었다. 자녀양육에 대한 책임인식 공유와 자녀와의 많은 시간공유 등 보다 적극적인 참여가 현대 사회의 이상적이고 바람직한 아버지상으로 요구되었으며 아버지의 역할에 대한 문화적 관심과 사회적 기대가 높아지게 된 것이다. 이러한 사실을 인지하여 아버지는 바람직한 자녀의 인성발달 및 여러 영역에 걸친 발달을 위하여 항상 애정과 관심을 가지고 적극적으로 참여해야 할 것이다. 자녀양육은 더 이상 어머니 혼자의 역할이 아닌 부모 둘 다의 몫이며 교임이므로 부모들은 좋은 가정을 만들고 좋은 부모가 되기 위해서 끊임없이 자신을 갈고 닦으며 노력을 기울여야 할 것이다.서 이들 4개 지표로서 전체의 927%를 설명할 수 있다. 7. 자치구별 평가는 모든 음식점에서 식재료 보관시설(냉장, 냉동), 불량부정식품 사용여부, 남은 반찬의 폐기, 식당상태 등에서는 비교적 양호하였으나, 주방의 청결상태, 식재료 창고의 관리 및 주방 근무직원의 위생상태는 열악하였다. 평가 지표 14개의 총 평가결과가 가장 우수한 자치구는 동작구였으며, 다음으로 서대문구, 금천구, 성동구, 마포구의 순서이었다. 나머지 20개 자치구는 모두 보통이상으로 평가되었다. 8. 음식점 업태 별로 주방과 식당의 청결도 평가에서 가장 중요한 요인은 주방의 내부설비(바닥, 벽면, 천장, 환풍기, 기구 등) 또는 주방종업원의 근무 환경(주방의 환기설비, 설치 및 쾌적한 환경상태유지)이었다. 그러나

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2017

Citrus canker is an important bacterial disease of citrus in several regions of the world. Strains of Xanthomonas citri type-A (Xc-A) group are the primary pathogen where citrus canker occurs. After Xc-A entered the Northeast of Argentina in 1974, the disease spread rapidly from 1977 to 1980 and then slowed down and remained moving at slow pace until 1990 when it became endemic. Citrus canker was detected in Northwest Argentina in 2002. This paper presents the main steps in the fight of the disease and the management strategies that have been used to control citrus canker at this time. We think the process might be usefull to other countries with the same situation. Results from more than 40 years of research in Northeast (NE) Argentina indicate that we are at the limit of favorable environment for the disease. The severity of citrus canker is greatly affected by the environment and El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon which causes cyclic fluctuations on the disease intensity in the NE region. Weather-based logistic regression models adjusted to quantify disease levels in field conditions showed that the environmental effect was strongly modulated by the distance from a windbreak. Production of healthy fruits in citrus canker endemic areas is possible knowing the dynamics of the disease. A voluntary Integrated Plan to Reduce the Risk of Canker has been in place since 1994 and it allows growers to export unsymptomatic, uninfested fresh fruit to countries which are free of the disease and require healthy, pathogen free fruits. The experience from Argentina can be replicated in other countries after appropriate trials.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review laser acupuncture studies to find possibility for applying high intensity laser to acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Methods : Searching papers was performed using search engines of five electronic databases, including Pubmed, Thomson ISI, EMBASE, Sciencedirect, and EBSCO, from inception to May 2011 without language limitation. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies with human, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and case reports. Selecting papers was performed with titles and abstracts in first step, scrutinize full text in second step, and then the extrated data was analyzed by two authors independently. The methodological quality for RCTs was evaluated using Jadad's scale. Results : Total 8 papers, (3 RCTs, 5 controlld studies, and 1 case reports), were finally selected. The study dealt with surgical laser, argon and $CO_2$ laser was one for each, with GaAs laser was two, and with new semiconductor laser, GaN, were four. The output range was from 110 mW to 15 W. The study diseases were alcohol addiction, knee osteoarthritis, bronchopneumonia and asthma for children, and circulation. All studies reported positive effect. The methodological quality in all RCTs was low because of below 3 points and all studies had few subject numbers. Conclusions : We suggest that high intensity laser can be applied to acupuncture and moxibustion. Further rigorous and well-designed study will be needed for various disease. The oriental medical society needs to take active measures to study and clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment with high intensity laser.