• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1996

Purpose : Coxiella burnetii is a well-known causative agent of granuolmatous inflammation and an inducer of morphological change and transformation of human B lymphocyte in vitro. Coxiella burnetii manifests with several clinical symptoms depending upon the organs that are involved. We therefore undertook to clarify the association of Kawasaki disease and Coxiella burnetii. Subjects and Methods : The patient's sera were tested for antibodies specific for Coxiella burnetii, using indirect fluorescent antibody technique(IFA). We compared Coxiella burnetii infection with 3 groups of patients, group 1 (Kawasaki disease), group 2 (other febrile disease) and group 3 (control group). Results : 1) In children with Kawasaki disease (group 1), 93% of the patient tested positive for Coxiella burnetii. 2) In group 2 children, 20% of the patient tested positive for Coxiella burnetii. 3) In group 3 children, 10% of the patient tested positive for Coxiella burnetii 4) There were significant higher positive rate for Coxiella burnetii in Kawasaki disease than group 2 and group 3 (p<0.05). Conclusions : We concluded that our cases of Kawasaki disease were associated with Coxiella burnetii infection. Further studies will be needed to understand the precise role of Coxiella infection in Kawasaki disease.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.103-106
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• 2015

The importance of disease prevention and risks of infection for funeral workers is present but it has not been studied about disease prevention of funeral workers in Korea. Health cares of funeral workers in Korea live in poor surroundings, because it depends on only effort of Funeral home or workers. And nationwide survey and guideline made for the infection of funeral workers almost do not exist. We propose the guideline about high infectious disease, personal hygiene, physical and spatial management in Korea. We aim to exploit the guidelines in the control, or ideally the eradication, of the disease or infection conditions we are considering. This guidelines contain a guide to funeral director's control procedures and equipment for infectious disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Mosquitoes are the vectors of a number of viral diseases in cattle, such as Akabane disease, bovine ephemeral fever, Ainovirus infection, Chuzan virus infection, and Ibaraki disease. These diseases are transmitted from an infected animal to a non-infected host via the blood feeding of the vector. In Korea, the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Services, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is responsible for planning, implementation, laboratory investigations and reporting the results of the national surveillance program for mosquito-borne bovine diseases (MBD). The surveillance program, which was started in 1993, focused to determine the seroprevalence of each disease in cattle herds in space and time. From the epidemiological point of view, more important component of the surveillance program is to monitor infection rates in vectors for specific pathogens because this information is essential for a more precise understanding the dynamics of these diseases in a given environment and for determining risk of transmission. The aim of this study was to describe and compare methods for estimation of vector infection rates using maximum likelihood (MLE) and minimum infection rate in pooled samples. Factors affecting MLE such as number of pools, pooling size and diagnostic test performance are also discussed, assuming some hypothetical sampling scenarios for MBD.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.777-783
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• 2015

The nitric oxide (NO) formation and intrinsic nitrosation may be involved in the possible mechanisms of liver fluke-associated carcinogenesis. We still do not know much about the responses of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by Clonorchis sinensis infection. This study was conducted to explore the pathological lesions and iNOS expressions in the liver of mice with different infection intensity levels of C. sinensis. Extensive periductal inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct hyperplasia, and fibrosis were commonly observed during the infection. The different pathological responses in liver tissues strongly correlated with the infection intensity of C. sinensis. Massive acute spotty necrosis occurred in the liver parenchyma after a severe infection. The iNOS activity in liver tissues increased, and iNOS-expressing cells with morphological differences were observed after a moderate or severe infection. The iNOS-expressing cells in liver tissues had multiple origins.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53.1-53.12
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• 2023

Background: Mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 (MRV3), which is responsible for gastroenteritis in many mammalian species including pigs, has been isolated from piglets with severe diarrhea. However, the use of pig-derived cells as an infection model for swine-MRV3 has rarely been studied. Objectives: This study aims to establish porcine intestinal organoids (PIOs) and examine their susceptibility as an in vitro model for intestinal MRV3 infection. Methods: PIOs were isolated and established from the jejunum of a miniature pig. Established PIOs were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) to confirm the expression of small intestine-specific genes and proteins, such as Lgr5, LYZI, Mucin-2, ChgA, and Villin. The monolayered PIOs and three-dimensional (3D) PIOs, obtained through their distribution to expose the apical surface, were infected with MRV3 for 2 h, washed with Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, and observed. Viral infection was confirmed using PCR and IFA. We performed quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR to assess changes in viral copy numbers and gene expressions linked to intestinal epithelial genes and antiviral activity. Results: The established PIOs have molecular characteristics of intestinal organoids. Infected PIOs showed delayed proliferation with disruption of structures. In addition, infection with MRV3 altered the gene expression linked to intestinal epithelial cells and antiviral activity, and these effects were observed in both 2D and 3D models. Furthermore, viral copy numbers in the supernatant of both models increased in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions: We suggest that PIOs can be an in vitro model to study the infection mechanism of MRV3 in detail, facilitating pharmaceutical development.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

Several studies have suggested the possibility of airborne transmission of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, pandemic influenza. because the number of patients increases explosively, if infectious disease had a high basic reproduction number, pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccination, chemoprophylaxis in the early stage of epidemic. Thus, non-pharmaceutical interventions such as mask-wearing, installing air cleaners, school closure are important to control and prevent the infectious diseases. However, the current technology on the mask, air cleaning, ventilation, and etc., seems to be not originated from the understanding of infection via airborne transmission. It is important to estimate the aerodynamic behavior of saliva droplets by coughing or speaking in order to understand the phenomena of airborne infection. In addition, the prediction of transmission of infectious diseases through the air is critical to prevent or minimize the damage of infection. In this review, we reviewed the recent studies on the airborne infection by focusing on the aerodynamic characteristics of saliva droplets and modeling of airborne transmission.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.304-312
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• 2012

In this study, for behavior clinical signs and blood tests when autumn sudden fevered disease, Tsutsugamushi Disease is Single infected with mixing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrom.221 positive patients, who have antibody titer more than 1:80 in serologic examination of Tsutsugamushi Disease in a general hospital, Jeollanam-do province, were adopted as a Analysis. in respect of frequency. Single infection patients of Tsutsugamushi Disease were 183 and mixed infection patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome were 38. In respect of age, patients over the 70's were mostly infected. In respect of sex, male patients were 70(31.7%) and female patients were 151(66.8%) Women were more infected than men. In respect of outbreak time, the more than 70% disease occurrence of all was charged in October and November and it also occurred in spring. In the clinical signs, fever(p=0.028), urtication(p=0.000) and muscle pain(p=0.000) of mixed infection was more higher than single infection. And in the blood tests, AST(p=0.000), ALT(p=0.000), blood urea nitrogen(p=0.002), total bilirubin(p=0.000) value of mixed infection was more higher than single infection.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2004

This study describes an evaluation of the sonographic, cholangiographic, pathological, and immunological findings, and the protective effect shown by rats reinfected with Clonorchis sinensis. Eight experimental rat groups were, namely, a normal control, a primary infection control, a reinfection I (reinfection 7 week after treatment following 3-week infection), a reinfection II (reinfection 2 week after treatment following 8-week infection), a reinfection III (exploration of the intrahepatic bile ducts 1 week after reinfection 4 week after treatment following 4-week infection), a superinfection, a secondary infection control, and an infection following immunization group. Sonographic and cholangiographic findings showed moderate or marked dilatation of the bile duct confluence in the primary infection control, reinfection II, and secondary infection control groups. Juvenile worms survived in the intrahepatic bile ducts 1 week after reinfection following treatment in the reinfection III group. It was concluded that reinfecting juvenile worms found during the first week following reinfection failed to survive or grow further. Anatomical, pathophysiological, or immunological changes may induce protection from reinfection in rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2018

Herein, we report a case of badgers showing high morbidity and mortality rate due to the mixed infection of canine distemper virus (CDV) and Streptococcus canis (S. canis) in a farm where wild animal, badger, is being reared for herbal medicine. During the period of about one month, 120 out of 320 badgers showed severe respiratory symptoms and died, and 3 bodies were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for disease diagnosis. The lung with the most severe necropsy findings failed to collapse and showed dark reddening and had yellowish nodules on the cut surface. The characteristic and common histopathologic findings include multifocal necrosis with hemorrhage of the lung, severe lymphoid depletion of the spleen and intracytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusion bodies in almost all organs. Finally, CDV and S. canis were identified by immunohistochemistry and bacterial isolation, respectively. This is the first mixed infection case of CDV and S. canis in badgers being raised on the farm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of PCV2 infection of the aborted pigs in Gyeongbuk province from April in 2004 to March in 2005. The prevalence of PCV1 and PCV2 infection was confirmed by the PCR method against 32 aborted pigs of 19 farms, which were requested of diagnosis of disease. Among 32 aborted pigs, abortions caused by PCVI were $7(21.9\%)$ heads and by PCV2 were $9(28.1\%)$ heads. Using PCR, the rate of PCV1 infection of 19 farms which were requested of diagnosis of disease is positive in $2(10.5\%)$ farms and $5(26.3\%)$ farms were positive in PCV2, and compositive infections of PCVI, PCV2 is $1(5.3\%)$ farms. Among 32 aborted the pigs, only PCV2 infection was one case $(3.1\%)$, compositive infections with abortion disease were 8 cases $(25\%)$, Compositive infections with abortion disease were most of the parvovirus infection $(84.2\%)$.