• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (RT), in patients with extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cancer by comparing the survival rate between patients undergoing surgery alone or surgery plus postoperative RT, and to identify the prognostic factors affecting survival. Materials and Methods: Between 2000 and 2013, 52 patients with EHBD cancer underwent surgical resection. Of these, 33 patients did not receive postoperative RT (group I), and 19 patients did (group II). R1 resection was significantly more frequent in group II. The median radiation dose was 5,040 cGy. Results: The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate for group I and group II was 38% and 56%, respectively (p = 0.274). The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) rate for group I and group II was 20% and 31%, respectively (p = 0.049), and the 3-year loco-regional recurrence free survival (LRFS) rates were 19% and 58%, respectively (p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses showed that postoperative RT and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for DFS and LRFS. Overall, 42 patients (80%) experienced treatment failure. Distant metastasis was the predominant pattern of failure in group II. Conclusion: Postoperative RT after surgical resection appeared to improve the loco-regional control and DFS rate. More effort is needed to reduce distant metastasis, the major pattern of failure, in patients who receive postoperative RT.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.337-346
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• 1993

This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 58 patients who treated with postoperative radiation therapy following radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic adenectomy for early stage carcinoma of uterine cervix between January 1988 and December 1990 at department of radiation oncology, Keimyoung University Hospital. Sixteen percent of patients (9/58) had chemotherapy. Most patients were FIGO I b (47 patients), and FIGO I a and II a were one and ten patients, respectively. The median follow-up periods were 48.5 months. The indications for radiation therapy included pelvic lymph node metastasis, large tumor size, deep stromal invasion, lymphovascular invasion, positive surgical margin, endometrial invasion and parametrial invasion. Eighty five percent of the patients had more than one risk factor. The actuarial overall five year survival rate (5 YSR) and five year disease free survival rate (5 YDFSR) were $89.5\%,\;and\;87.8\%,$ respectively. Their overall recurrence rate was $12.1\%,$(758). Distant metastasis was the most common cause of treatment failure $(71.4\%:5/7).$ The univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting to five year survival rate disclosed pelvic lymph node status (negative: $95.5\%,\;positive:69.2\%,$ p=0.006) and hemoglobin level $(\le11 :75\%,>11g/dl:93.3\%,p=0.05)$ as significant factor. The age status was marginally significant $(\le40:96.0\%,\;>\;40:84.3\%p=0.15).$ Multivariate analysis clarified three independent prognostic factors: pelvic lymph node metastasis (p=p.006), hemoglobin level (p=0.015) and age (p=0.035). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factor affecting to five year disease free survival rate disclosed pelvic lymph node status (p=0.0078) and status of surgical margin (p=0.008). Complications relating to radiotherapy were $10.3\%,(6/58).$ There were no severe major complication requiring surgical intervention or a long hospital stay. It is our opinion that the benefit of postoperative pelvic radiotherapy may be gained in such a high risk patient population with acceptible morbidity.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.200-204
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• 1995

Twenty three rhabdomyosarcoma patients who were registered in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Mar. 1985 to Apr. 1994 were analysed in the aspect of treatment and survival. Thirteen cases were male and 10 female. Average age was 29.5 years(range 1 to 66). Locations of the tumor were as follows: 13 in lower extremity, 6 in upper extremity and 4 in trunk. According to the UICC classification, stage II b was 1 case, stage III a 4, stage III b 10, stage IV a 3 and stage IV b 5. In histological categories, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma was 7 cases, alveolar 7, pleomorphic 7 and undetermined 2. Average follow up period was 35.3 months(1 tk 7.5 years). Ten cases were continuous disease free, 3 no evidence of disease, 3 alive with disease and 7 died of disease at final follow up. Kaplan-Meier's actuarial 5-year survival rate was 60.3% and 5-year continuous disease free survival rate was 31.4%, Surgical margin was an important factor in local tumor control. Although there was no definite statistical significance, our results suggest chemotherapy and radiation therapy have meaningful roles in reducing local recurrence and improving survival.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

서론: 악성 말초 신경막 종양(Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, MPNST)에 대하여 수술, 항암제 투여, 방사선 치료 등을 시행하고 이에 따른 종양학적 결과를 분석하여 보다 합리적인 치료 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 1986년 2월부터 1996년 11월까지 본원에 등록된 MPNST 환자 34례를 대상으로 하였다. 남자가 17례, 여자가 17례였고 평균연령은 41세(18세~74세)였다. 종양의 위치는 하지가 17례, 상지 11례, 체간부 4례, 후복막 2례였다. AJC(American Joint Committee on Cancer) 분류에 의한 종양의 병기는 stage IA가 2례, stage IIA 2례, stage IIB 6례, stage III 16례, 그리고 stage IV가 8례였다. 치료 방법으로는 26례에서 수술과 항암제 투여 그리고 때에 따라서 방사선치료를 시행하였고 3례에서는 수술만, 3례에서는 항암제 투여나 방사선 치료만 시행하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 33.5개월(5.6개월~141.1개월)이었다. Kaplan-Meiyer 법으로 생존율을 구하였고, log rank test로 비교 분석 하였다. 결과: 최종 추시상 질병 상태는 14례에서 CDF(continuous disease free)였고, 2례가 NED(no evidence of disease), 2례 AWD(alive with disease), 그리고 14례가 DOD(died of disease)였다. 실제(actuarial) 5년 생존율과 10년 생존율 은 53.5 %와, 35.7%였다. 수술 후의 국소 재발율은 24.1%였다. 병기별 5년 실질 생존율은 stage I이 100%, stage II 85.7%, stage III 55.9%였고 stage IV의 경우 2년 실질 생존율이 14.3%였다(p=0.04). Stage II, III에서 수술한 경우 21례에서, 광범위 이상의 절제연을 얻었던 경우가 15례로 5년 실질생존율이 76.0%였고 병소내이거나 변연부 절제연의 경우는 6례로 40.0%였다(p=0.26). 4회차 이상의 항암화학요법제를 투여한 군(8례)의 5년 실질생존율은 71.4%였고 3회차 이하의 불충분한 항암제투여를 시행한 군(6례)의 3년 실질생존율은 83.3%였다(p=0.96). Stage II, III 중 방사선 치료 없이 수술 받은 19례에서 병소내 절제나 변연부 절제를 시행했던 5례는 3례가 국소 재발하였고(60.0%) 광범위 절제를 시행한 14례는 4례가 국소 재발하였다(28.6%). 수술 전 또는 후에 방사선치료를 시행하였던 8례에서는 국소재발이한 예도 없었다. 결론: 외과적 절제연(surgical margin)이 국소 재발에는 중요한 요인이었고, 통계적으로 의미있는 수치는 아니었지만 생존율에도 영향을 주는 경향이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 기존의 항암제 투여는 국소 재발이나 생존율상에 통계적으로 의미있는 차이를 보이지 못하였다. 수술전과 수술후 시행하였던 방사선치료는 국소 재발을 줄이는데 어느 정도의 효과를 보였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2019

Background: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the appropriateness of the stage migration of stage IIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the seventh edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis classification for lung cancer to stage IIB lung cancer in the eighth edition, and to identify prognostic factors in patients with eighth-edition stage IIB disease. Methods: Patients with eighth-edition stage IIB disease were subclassified into those with seventh-edition stage IIA disease and those with seventh-edition stage IIB disease, and their recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival rates were compared. Risk factors for recurrence after curative resection were identified in all included patients. Results: Of 122 patients with eighth-edition stage IIB NSCLC, 101 (82.8%) had seventh-edition stage IIA disease and 21 (17.2%) had seventh-edition stage IIB disease. Nonsignificant differences were observed in the 5-year recurrence-free survival rate and the 5-year disease-specific survival rate between the patients with seventh-edition stage IIA disease and those with seventh-edition stage IIB disease. Visceral pleural invasion was a significant risk factor for recurrence in patients with eighth-edition stage IIB NSCLC. Conclusion: The stage migration from seventh-edition stage IIA NSCLC to eighth-edition stage IIB NSCLC was appropriate in terms of oncological outcomes. Visceral pleural invasion was the only prognostic factor in patients with eighth-edition stage IIB NSCLC.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.479-487
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• 1988

Valve replacements in 82 children, aging up to 15 years[mean 11.67 years] were done at Seoul National University Hospital during 13 years period from 1974 to 1986. The patients were composed of 5] males and 31 females and 50 patients had acquired heart disease and 32 patients congenital heart disease. 75 patients received single valve replacements, 6 patients double valve replacements, 1 patient triple valve replacement, and among all of them, 11 patients redo-replacements. The bioprosthetic valves have been applied to 58 patients and prosthetic valve to 24 patients and the latter was the main artificial valve since 1984. Among the 69 patients who had definite post-operative records, the overall mortality was 27.5%[20.3% was early mortality and 7.2% late mortality] and the overall mortality was lowered to 4.3% since 1984. There were early post-operative complication rate of 26.1% and late complication rate 34.8%, and among the latter, the valve failure rate was 11.4% patient-year, and the thrombo-embolism rate 1.76%/patient-year. 55 patients among the survivals after post-operative 1 month, were received follow-up with various anticoagulating medication for total 2046 patient-months[mini-mum 1 month to maximum 90 month, mean 37.2*25.44 months] and actuarial survival rate was 82*8% at 5 years and valve failure free and thrombo-embolic free survival rate were 61*8% and 90*3% respectively. And among them, valve failure free survival `rate of tissue valve were 91*6% at post-operative 2 years, 78*3% at 3 years, 59*9% at 4 years, 54*10% at 5 years, 53*15% at 6 years, so markedly decreased at 3-5 years post-operatively. These results suggest that cardiac valve replacement in children have been effective therapeutic method though various problems are still remained, and the choice of valve should be prosthetic valve mainly due to its durability at the present.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.586-590
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• 2008

배경: 본 연구는 술전 종격동 내시경 혹은 흉강경을 통한 종격동 림프절 생검을 통해 병리조직학적으로 N2 진단을 받고 신보조 항암방사선치료를 받은 환자에 있어서 신보조 항암방사선치료 후 N병기의 변화에 따른 생존률 및 재발률에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월에서 2005년 12월 사이에 조직학적 N2로 확진된 환자 69명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 진행하였다. 이들을 3그룹으로 나누어 신보조 항암방사선치료 후 병기가 낮아진 환자들을 그룹 A, 변화 없는 환자들을 그룹 B, 그리고 신보조 항암방사선 치료중 병기가 악화되어 수술을 진행하지 못한 환자들을 그룹 C로 구분하여 각 그룹간 평균생존기간, 3년 생존률 및 평균무병생존기간, 3년 무병생존률을 조사하였고 이들을 비교 분석해 보았다. 결과: 연령, 성별, 폐암의 조직형 및 수술명은 그룹별 유의한 차이는 없었다. 평균 생존기간은 그룹 A, B, C에서 각각 58, 47, 21개월로 그룹A가 가장 높았으나 A-B 및 B-C 사이에는 통계적으로 유이한 차이는 없었고 그룹 A와 C 사이에만 통계적으로 유의한 차이(p : 0.01)를 보였다. 3년 생존률 역시 그룹 A, B, C에서 67%, 41%, 21.6%로 평균생존기간과 비슷한 차이를 보였다. 평균무병생존기간은 그룹 A, B에서 44, 45개월로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았고 3년 무병생존률도 55.1%, 46.8%로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 결론: IIIa기 폐암 환자에서 술전 항암방사선 치료 후 N병기가 감소된 그룹A에서 감소되지 않은 그룹 B보다 Mean survival, 3-Yr survival rate 및 3-Yr disease-free survival rate가 더 높은 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 통계학적 유의성은 없었으므로 더 명확한 결론을 위해서는 향후 더 많은 case 및 오랜 기간의 추적관찰이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.285-294
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• 1993

A total of forty patients with resected N2 stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy between Jan. 1975 and Dec. 1990 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center were retrospectively analysed to evaluate whether postoperative radiation therapy improves survival. Patterns of failure and prognostic factors affecting survival were also analysed. The 5 year overall and disease free survival rate were $26.3\%,\;27.3\%$ and median survival 23.5 months. The 5 year survival rates by T-stage were $T1\;66.7\%,\;T2\;25.6\%\;and\;T3\;12.5\%.$ Loco-regional failure rate was $14.3\%$ and distant metastasis rate was $42.9\%$ and both $2.9\%.$ Statistically significant factor affecting distant failure rate was number of postitive lymph nodes(>=4). This retrospective study suggests that postoperative radiation therapy in resected N2 stage non-small cell lung cancer can reduce loco-regional recurrence and may improve survival rate as compared with other studies which were treated by surgery alone. Further study of systemic control is also needed due to high rate of distant metastasis.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2013

목적: 연골육종의 종양학적 결과와 무병생존율에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대하여 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1993년부터 연골육종을 진단 받고 생검술 또는 수술적 치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 설정한 최소 추시기간인 18개월 이전에 사망한 4명을 포함하여 총 48명을 대상으로 하였다. 종양학적 결과를 평가하고 조직학적 등급, 병기, 위치, 용적, 내원시 연령, 수술 절제연, 수술적 치료 방법을 변수로 하여 무병생존율에 미치는 영향에 대하여 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 추시 기간은 평균 43.8개월(1-196개월)이었다. 결과: 평균 43.8개월 추시상 무병생존율은 77.1%였으며 질병으로 인한 사망 7예(14.6%), 유병 생존 4예(8.3%)였다. 5년 및 10년 무병생존율은 각각 64%와 58%였다. 조직학적 악성도와 외과적 병기, 내원시 연령이 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며, 사지골의 저 악성도 연골육종에서는 광범위 소파술을 시행한 9예 모두에서 무병생존과 우수한 기능적 결과를 보였다. 결론: 연골육종의 무병생존율은 조직학적 악성도와 외과적 병기 및 내원 시의 연령과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 국소 재발과 원격 전이의 유무 또한 무병생존율과 유의한 상관성을 보였다. 사지골의 저악성도 연골육종에서는 광범위 소파술이 광범위 절제술에 비해 생존율에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 기능소실 및 합병증을 피할 수 있는 효과적인 치료법으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1984

53 patients of previously untreated Stage I&II Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in head and neck treated with irradiation at Yonsei Cancer Center from January, 1970 to December, 1978 were retrospectively analysed. 5 year survival rate and 5 year disease free survival rate were $51.5\%\;and\;42\%$. Local control rate by irradiation was $92.4\%$ with mainly $4,000\~6,000$ rads. 21 patients suffered relapses after radiotherapy, 4 cases recurred within irradiated area, 4 cases at contiguous site of irradiation field, and 13 cases recurred at distant area, more commonly below diaphragm. Most cases relapsed within 1 year 6 months after treatment. Optimum irradiation field for head and neck localized lymphoma, prognostic factors ana usefulness of chemotherapy are also discussed.