• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.432-440
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• 2000

Background : The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly is increasing in Korea and in the developed countries due to the increased elderly population and their predispositions to chronic disease, poverty and decreased immunity. To define the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly, we evaluated the clinical spectrum of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method : We analyzed 92 patients retrospectively that were diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis over the age of 65. The analysis involved patient's profiles, clinical manifestations, coexisting diseases, diagnostic methods, anti-TB medications and their side effects, and treatment outcomes. Results : The results were as follows : - 1) The ratio of male to female was 2.1:1(62:30 cases) 2) Chief complaints were a cough (47.8%), dyspnea (40.2%), sputum (38.0%), chest pain (12.0%), anorexia (10.9%), and fever (9.8%). 3) 38 (41.3%) of cases had a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis. 4) The coexisting diseases were : -COPD, 25 cases (27.2%); pneumonia, 17 cases (18.5%); DM. 13 cases (14.1%); and malignancy, 10 cases (10.9%). 5) The positivity of Mantoux test (5 TU, PPD-S) was 82.7%. 6) Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed using the following methods : sputum AFB (Acid Fast Bacillus) smear 42.4%, sputum TB (M. Tuberculosis) culture 15.2%, sputum TB PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) 10.9%, bronchial washing AFB smear 2.1%, chest radiology only 25.0%. 7) Locations of radiologic lesions were RULF, 50 cases; RLLF, 50 cases, mostly, then LLLF ; 26 cases were leastly involved. 8) The coexisting tuberculosis were endobronchial TB(8.7%), TB pleurisy(7.6%) miliary TB(5.4%), intestinal TB(2.2%), renal TB(1.1%) 9) The proportion of treatment regimen with 1st line drug and 2nd line drug were 92.3% and 7.6%, respectively. 10) The outcome of treatment were as follows : cured 31.5%, expired 13.0%, no return 47.8%, follow-up now 7.6%. Conclusion : The pulmonary tuberculosis in the elderly has atypical patterns with chronic coexisting diseases. Therefore, the possibility of pulmonary tuberculosis should be considered in elderly patients with pulmonary symptoms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3349-3355
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• 2012

Background and objectives: Chromosomal abnormalities play an important role in genesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and have prognostic implications. Five major risk stratifying fusion genes in ALL are BCR-ABL, MLL-AF4, ETV6-RUNX11, E2A-PBX1 and SIL-TAL1. This work aimed to detect common chromosomal translocations and associated fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients and study their relationship with clinical features and treatment outcome. Methods: We studied fusion oncogenes in 104 adult ALL patients using RT-PCR and interphase-FISH at diagnosis and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. Results: Five most common fusion genes i.e. BCR-ABL (t 9; 22), TCF3-PBX1 (t 1; 19), ETV6-RUNX1 (t 12; 21), MLL-AF4 (t 4; 11) and SIL-TAL1 (Del 1p32) were found in 82/104 (79%) patients. TCF3-PBX1 fusion gene was associated with lymphadenopathy, SIL-TAL1 positive patients had frequent organomegaly and usually presented with a platelets count of less than $50{\times}10^9/l$. Survival of patients with fusion gene ETV6-RUNX1 was better when compared to patients harboring other genes. MLL-AF4 and BCR-ABL positivity characterized a subset of adult ALL patients with aggressive clinical behaviour and a poor outcome. Conclusions: This is the first study from Pakistan which investigated the frequency of5 fusion oncogenes in adult ALL patients, and their association with clinical features, treatment response and outcome. Frequencies of some of the oncogenes were different from those reported elsewhere and they appear to be associated with distinct clinical characteristics and treatment outcome. This information will help in the prognostic stratification and risk adapted management of adult ALL patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2007

Background : The incidence of acute hepatitis A in adults has recently been increasing. This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of acute hepatitis A in Daegu province over the past 10 years. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 55 patients (male/female: 34/21), who were diagnosed with acute hepatitis A by confirmation of the IgM anti-HAV between January 1998 and June 2007. Results : The mean age was $29.7{\pm}10.3$ years (range; 17-65 years). The incidence was most common between March and June (56.1%), in the third and fourth decades of life (78.2%) and 90.9% (50/55) of the patients were diagnosed from 2003 to present. The common symptoms included anorexia, nausea or vomiting (69.1%), fever and chills (49.1%), myalgia (47.3%), weight loss (47.3%), fatigue (40.0%), abdominal pain (36.4%), diarrhea (9.1%) and pruritus (5.5%). The mean duration of hospital stay was $8.6{\pm}3.4$ days (range; 3-20 days). The route of transmission was identified in only 11 patients (20.0%); 7 patients (12.7%) traveled (abroad or domestic), 2 patients (3.6%) ingested raw food and 2 patients (3.6%) had friends with acute hepatitis A. Fifty four patients recovered without complication; one patient developed fulminant hepatitis and recovered after a liver transplantation. Conclusion : The incidence of acute hepatitis A in adults is increasing. Because of the cost of treatment and potential for serious disease, persons, under 40 are recommened to have hepatitis A vaccination and confirmation of IgG anti-HAV.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2003

Objectives: The authors studied the anxiety, depression and psychological characteristics of medical out-patients, which are diagnosed as peptic ulcer disorder and essential hypertension. We also examined the state of psychiatric consultation. Methods: The subjects were composed of 56 patients with peptic ulcer disorder, 44 patients with essential hypertension and 116 controls. STAI, BDI and SCL-90R was administered to all subjects. Chart review, telephone interview and Self report questionnaire of etiology and severity of illness, drug compliance and so forth were performed in disease groups. Results: Considerable depression was noticed in 39.3% among the patients with peptic ulcer disorder, 27.7% in hypertension and 12.1% in control group by BDI. State anxiety was noticed in 44.6% among the patients with peptic ulcer disorder, 54.5% in hypertension and 18.1% in control group by State anxiety. Trait anxiety was noticed in 42.9% among the patients with peptic ulcer disorder, 34.1% in hypertension and 25.8% in control group by Trait anxiety. The higher SOM, BDI, STAI, the lower drug compliance and rapport. Psychological problems are considered of the most important etiology in 48.2% of peptic ulcer group and 45.7% of hypertensive group. But psychiatric consultation is made only in 1.8% of peptic ulcer group and 2.3% of hypertensive group. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are common phenomena in medical outpatients. In comparison with the normal control group, peptic ulcer group showed significantly higher trait anxiety and depression and hypertensive group higher state anxiety. These characteristics are related to the drug compliance and doctor-patient relationship. These results suggested the needs of active psychiatric consultation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: Intracordal cysts may occur secondary to voice abuse and overuse or may be secondary to a remnant of epithelium trapped within the lamina propria. They may occur spontaneously or may be associated with poor vocal hygiene. As the cyst enlarges it can start to significantly affect the vibratory region of the vocal fold. With the advancement of the microsurgical technique and the laryngeal stroboscopy, correct diagnosis of intracordal cyst have been increased. The aims of this study is to review the important clinical characteristics of the intracordal cyst. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 212 cases of the intracordal cysts were treated by the microsurgical technique. These lesions were diagnosed before the operation with indirect laryngoscopy, laryngeal endoscopy, laryngeal stroboscopy and confirmed with the findings observed during operations and the results of the biopsies. Results : The intracordal cysts were 212 cases in the 4,20 I patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery (5.04%). Ductal cysts were 156 cases and epidermoid cysts were 56 cases. The lesions are more frequent in women and anterior third of true vocal cord is more frequently involved site. With the preoperative laryngoscopic examination, the intracordal cysts were mostly misdiagnosed as other disease of the vocal cord such as vocal polyps or nodules. And main cause of intracordal cysts was thought of vocal abuse. From view of the surgical approach, Ductal cysts was difficult to remove completely than epidermoid cyst without cystic wall rupture. Conclusion : Intracordal cysts are very similar to the other mucosal disorders of the vocal cord and it may be misdiagnosed as vocal polyps or nodules, frequently. Therefore careful preoperative examinations for the vocal cord lesions with stroboscopy and other endoscopic instruments are important part of the correct diagnosis. An ideal treatment is enucleation of the cysts without rupture of the cystic wall or injury of the lamina propria. And marsupialization is meaningful to ductal cyst that cannot be enucleated completely.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 2008

Mixed-planting of two rice cultivars, HP ('Hopyeongbyeo') and NP ('Nampyeongbyeo'), having a dissimilar susceptibility to rice blast was practiced for chemical-free control of rice blast in the field. The HP/NP combination was selected for applying under mechanized agricultural conditions. Because they have similar genetic characteristics such as seed germination and heading time, culm length, rice quality and size of rice grains except susceptibility to blast. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced 50.4 % compare with supposed blast incidence by HP/NP mixed-planting when the seeds of two cultivars were combined 1 to 1 as weight. Supposed blast incidence was estimated from reduction of rice blast caused by addition of a resistant cultivar NP. Race diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae was examined for correlation with control effect of HP/NP mixed-planting on rice blast. The population of dominant race KJ-101 was diminished and replaced with various co-existing races and eleven new races were appeared in mixed-planting plot. Total number of race isolated from mixed-planting plot was not largely different from mono-culture. However, detection frequency of the new race was increased and variation of the population size of each race was decreased in mixed-planting plots. It was shown that a biased community with a dominant race (KJ-101 or KI-181) was altered to a balanced one of coexisting races. From these results, it was supposed that the balanced diversity among co-existing races within a community might be correlated to control effect by HP/NP mixed-planting on rice blast. Further more, it should be studied that genetic characteristics of the individual race including a virulence on cv. HP and NP was examined for verifying a correlation of mixed-planting effect and race diversity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2004

This study was carried out to determine the effect of seed method and seeding rate on the desirable agronomic characteristics and yield of forage barley(Hordeum vuigare) at paddy field, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from October 2001 to May 2003. The experiment was arranged in a spilt plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of tow seed method; Broadcasting and drilling, Sub-plots consisted of seeding rates; 130. 160, 190 and 220 kg/ha. The results obtained were summarized as fellows ; The resistance of cold, disease and lodging of barley for the seeding method and seed rate were not different. And dry matter percentage of barley for a seeding method of 130 kg/ha at the broadcasting was the lowest of $32.0\%$, and that for the drilling at 130 kg/ha was $32.7\%(P<0.05). Fresh yield of barley for a seeding method of drilling at 130 kg/ha was the highest of 32,073 kg/ha, and that for a seeding method of broadcasting at 130 kg/ha was the lowest of 20,944 kg/ha(P<0.05). Dry matter yield of barley for a seeding method of drilling at 160 and 130 kg/ha were the highest 9,170 and 9,138 kg/ha, and that fur a seeding method of broadcasting at 130 kg/ha was the lowest of 5,710 kg/ha(P<0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, it appears that the seeding method and rate of barley could be enhanced by drilling from 130 to 160 kg/ha, and broadcasting from 190 to 220 kg/ha. respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2014

There are no population ecological research on the natural monument (No. 191) Jeju Cymbidium kanran in South Korea. In this study, we analyzed the population structure and fine-scale habitat affinity of C. kanran in Sanghyo-dong, Jejudo Island from Oct. 2013 to Feb. 2014. We observed total of 1,237 individuals (4,341 pseudobulbs) of C. kanran (989.6 population $ha^{-1}$) within (1.25 ha) and only 17 (1.4%) individuals were inflorescent. In 60.9% of the entire populations, disease symptoms such as spots and blight leaves were observed. C. kanran populaton exhibited reverse-J shaped size distribution based on leaf area classes as individual size parameter. The three size related attributes of C. kanran (no. of pseudobulb $r_s$=-0.159, no. of leaves $r_s$=-0.148 and leaf arera $r_s$=-0.114) and soil temperature revealed a negative relationship (p<0.0001). Most of C. kanran (95.4%) were grown under Castamopsis cuspidata and spatially, C. kanran were strongly clumped at all distances. Population characteristics of C. kanran in the study area were likely originated from species habitat affinity and successional environment. Through this study, base line data for C. kanran's habitat monitoring was established and conservation measures based on population characteristics were discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2005

Background : A pleural effusion is a common medical problem. Despite several diagnostic tests, 15-20% of pleural effusions go undiagnosed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of a lymphocyte dominant exudative pleural effusion with a low adenosine deaminase (ADA), low carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), negative cytology and negative acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear. Method : From Jan 2000 to Aug 2001, 43 patients with lymphocyte dominant exudative pleural effusions whose AFB smear and cytologic exam were negative, their pleural fluid ADA level was < 40 IU/L, and their CEA level was < 10 ng/mL were enrolled in this study. A retrospective analysis of the patients' medical records was carried out. Result : Among 31 of the 43 cases (72%), probable underlying diseases causing the pleural effusion were identified: 21cases of malignant diseases, 4 cases of liver cirrhosis, 2 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 1 case of end stage renal disease, 1 case of a chylothorax, 1 case of a post-CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) state, 1 case of a pulmonary embolism. No clinically suspected etiology was identified in the remaining 12 cases (28%). Of these 12 pleural effusions, 7 cases spontaneously resolved, 2 effusions resolved with antibiotics, and the other 2 cases were persistent. Conclusion : Lymphocyte dominant exudative pleural effusions with a low ADA, low CEA, negative cytological exam, and negative AFB smear, but without a definite cause might have a benign course and clinicians can observe them with attention.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to realize research demands by gathering the research agenda from the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups through a Delphi survey. The study subjects were the heads of eight groups. The Delphi survey was conducted by e-mail after a researcher explained the objective of the study to the heads. The research agenda was classified according to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification and the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification. To compare the number of research agendas according to classification among the groups, we conducted a chi-squared test by using IBM SPSS 20.0. In total, 316 agendas were submitted. According to the Korean dental hygiene academic classification, there was a significant difference among the groups, and the agendas associated with clinical dental hygiene (36.7%) were the best. According to the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda classification, there was no significant difference and the agendas associated with health promotion and disease prevention (27.8%) were the best. In conclusion, the Korean Dental Hygienists Association and affiliated groups demanded similar research agendas, corresponding to the purpose of each establishment. However, the groups did not seem to show unique characteristics according to the purpose of each establishment. In other words, the groups should corroborate such characteristics and suggest a corresponding agenda to establish specific areas of research in dental hygiene. Also, dental hygiene researchers should mark the academic classification of the studies they want to submit.