• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2021

Munseom (Island) is known as the largest native Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus in Korea. Recently, disease damage from the E. sylvestris var. ellipticus community has been reported in Munseom. This study was conducted to understand the damage situation and growth characteristics of the E. sylvestris var. ellipticus population in Munseom. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spontaneous regeneration potential of the community by grasping the characteristics of the population of surviving E. sylvestris var. ellipticus individuals, and to discuss ways to restore native habitats. A total population survey was conducted to determine the distribution status of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus individuals. The field survey carefully recorded the height of tree, DBH, DRH, and growing status, along with GPS location information of the individual. The growth status of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus individuals distributed in Munseom and the characteristics of tree height, DBH, DRH of each individual were analyzed. The total number of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus populations identified in Munseom was 293. The dense E. sylvestris var. ellipticus community reported in 2005 has been identified as being greatly damaged or damaged. In particular, the damage was more serious in mature trees with a height of 6m or more forming the canopy layer in the forest, and it was confirmed that 80.6% of the mature trees died. In the growth characteristics of the old-growth tree, which is an indicator of the health of the forest based on DRH, 75.4% died or the growth condition was found to be poor. In order to restore the native habitat of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus in Munseom, conservation efforts such as pest control, preservation of mature trees, control of the territory of young trees, and reintroduction after ex-situ transplantation etc. are considered necessary.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.357-372
• /
• 2011

We carried out the experiment to select the suitable sprout soybean varieties for environment-friendly cultivation in paddy field of southern part area, compares of excess moisture injury degree and yield ability among 29 sprout soybean varieties. Plant growth of sprout soybean was generally low in beginning and recovered after flowering due to rainfall. In paddy field cultivation, number of pod per individual and number of seed per individual were less in difference than upland cultivation, and maturing date was delayed 5-14 days than upland cultivation in most species. When environment-friendly cultivation, pest injury was not caused major problem for the growth during the vegetative period of soybean due to ground spider as natural enemy to insect pest. However, damage of stink bugs showed severe during grain filling period, and Dawonkong, Anpyeongkong, Dachaekong and Wonhwangkong showed susceptible to sting bug. SMV infection was weak and showed some necrosis symptoms in Sokangkong, but black root rot was not infected at all. Bacterial pustule began to be infected slowly from pod enlargement stage in most species, displayed severe symptoms in Dawonkong, Pungsannamulkong, Seonamkong and Sobaeknamulkong. The symptoms of pod anthracnose, pod blight and purple spot were greatly appeared after flowering. Disease resistance varieties was Paldokong, Kwangankong, Doremikong, Somyeongkong, Pungsannamulkong, Iksa-namulkong, Seonamkong, Sojinkong, Pureunkong, Bosugkong, Namhaekong and Sorokkong. Lodging index showed 3 in Saebyeolkong, and other species displayed slight lodging in 0-3 degree. 100-seed weight is 9.8-17.2g extent and increased 0.1-3.7g than upland cultivation in most species, but decreased in some species. Government purchase standard, species correspond to small-seed-size namulkong (Sizing screen diameter 4.0-5.6 mm) was Dawonkong, Dachaekong, Bosugkong, Seonamkong, Sokangkong, Hannamkong, Somyeongkong and Wonhwangkong. Species which seed yield was higher than Pungsannamulkong (266kg/10a) were Sorokkong, Hannamkong, Bosugkong and Sowonkong. Considering sprout soybean species, disease endurance, insect resistance, lodging resistance, 100-seed weight, yield ability and excess moisture tolerances synthetically, Seonamkong, Hannamkong, Doremikong, Bosugkong, Pungwonkong, Kwangankong, Sowonkong, Dagikong, Paldokong, Eunhakong and Pungsannamulkong were promising for environment-friendly cultivation in paddy field.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.220-225
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to set the proper sterilization standards of casing soil for the stable production of button mushroom(Agaricus bisporus) from mushroom disease that occurs in infection of casing soil material. Changes of aerobic bacteria are increased as the longer grow-out period and sharply increased after second flushes. Fluorescence Psuedomonas showed high density at high sterilization temperature and $100^{\circ}C$ treatment has extremely high density at 30 min and 60 min in casing 22 days. Density of thermophilic actinomyces is sharply increase from casing with soil and the highest density at 22 days of casing and rapidly decrease after first flushes. Sterilizing temperature of casing soil affects quality and quantity of button mushroom. Treatment of 60 min, 90 min at $80^{\circ}C$ and 30 min at $100^{\circ}C$ produced the highest mushroom yields, especially mushrooms yields of A grads were the highest at treatment of 90 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Treatment of 60min at $100^{\circ}C$ products many yields, however, this treatment has low economic feasibility for its yields. Sterilizing temperature of casing soil has an effect on generating diseases and insect pests. Treatment of 60 min, 90 min at $80^{\circ}C$ and 30 min $100^{\circ}C$ showed lower incidence than the other treatment. Although treatment of 30 min at $100^{\circ}C$ causes low diseases and mushroom fly damage, it has low mushroom yields. Furthermore, although treatment of 60 min at $100^{\circ}C$ has high mushroom yields, it causes high diseases and mushroom fly damage. Therefore the best conditions for the sterilization of casing soils was 60 min and 90 min at $80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.371-382
• /
• 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between climates, growth characteristic and yield of silage corn at Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, Daegwallyeong in Gangwon Province located at altitude of 760 m, from 2009 to 2010. The mean minimum temperature was $12.29^{\circ}C$ from seeding to harvest in 2009, $14.30^{\circ}C$ in 2010, the mean maximum temperature was $21.66^{\circ}C$, $23.48^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mean temperature was $16.85^{\circ}C$ in 2009 and $18.55^{\circ}C$ in 2010, respectively. Duration of sunshine was 711.3 hours in 2009 and 663.8 hours in 2010, and precipitation was 893.8 mm in 2009 and 752.1 mm in 2010, respectively. In 2009, for all Kwangpyeongok, Gangdaok, Cheonganok, Cheongsaok, Pyeonganok, the early growth was good with 1.2, while in 2010 the growth for Pyeonganok was good with 1.3 comparing to others, which showed worse growth than in the previous year with 2.4~3.0. There was significant difference in the ear height between 2009 and 2010, showing mean value of 85.8 cm and 105 cm for all the species in 2009 and in 2010, respectively (p<0.001). In 2010, stem diameter for all the species were larger, and there was significant difference in mean value of the diameter between 2009 and 2010 (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the plant height and ear height between 2009 and 2010, showing 200 cm and 258 cm in 2009 and 2010, respectively (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the average days to silk, showing 103.8 days in 2009, 90 days in 2010, respectively (p<0.001). There was no lodging or disease-insect damage in all hybrid silage corn in both 2009 and 2010. The mean ear rates were 23.4% in 2009, but almost doubled, 52.1%, in 2010. There was significant difference in fresh yield between the two years, showing 54,611 kg/ha in 2009 and 78,733 kg/ha in 2010, respectively (p<0.001). Dry matter yields were higher in 2010 than in 2009. TDN yields of Gangdaok and Cheonganok were higher in 2009, whereas that of Cheongsaok and Pyeonganok were higher in 2010. Crude protein contents were higher in 2010 than in 2009 for all the species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.46 no.1 s.145
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the problems that would arise in our cropping systems when introducing Gain Threshold (GT) which is an important element in determining Economic Injury Level (EIL). Cain Threshold (GT) can be defined as the amount of damage (=yield loss) to justify management, and calculated by dividing the management costs by the market crop price. GTs for some pests in rice, soybean, and greenhouse vegetable crops cultivation were estimated and also compared with those in foreign countries. GTs and percentage of yield loss equivalent to them were estimated to be 4.6-6.1kg/10a/season and 1.0-1.3% for brown planthopper, white-backed planthopper, rice water weevil, and sheath blight, whereas for rice blast in rice cultivation were 12.7kg/10a/season and 2.7%. In soybean cultivation, the values for bean bug were 6.2 kg/10a/season and 3.6%. GTs and percentage of yield loss estimated for melon thrips, whitefly, and downy mildew in cucumber cultivation were 10.0-12.6kg/10a/week, 1.4-1.7%, and the values for two spotted mite and gray mildew in strawberry cultivation were 3.1-3.5kg/10a/week, 1.3-1.5%, and the values for American leaf minor, whitefly, and gray mold in tomato were 8.4-9.7kg/10a/week, 1.7-1.9%. Overall GTs in our cropping systems were so low compared to those in foreign countries, which meant that the low GTs might yield the low EILs. Therefore, we could suggest that prior to direct introduction of GTs calculated from current cultivation systems in developing EILs it is necessary to seriously consider reasonable values of GTs or the yield loss equivalents to them.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.513-518
• /
• 2011

'Hongjinju', the reddish brown coloured rice variety, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA during the period from 1990 to 2006 and released in 2007. The cultivar was derived from a cross between Suwon 383, and $SR18164F_2$, a reddish brown pigmented line. 'Hongjinju' is medium maturity with 133 days of growth duration from seeding to heading and is japonica-type with about 82 cm in culm length. 'Hongjinju' has slightly less number of tillers per hill and more spikelets of panicles than those of 'Heugjinjubyeo'. It is susceptible to leaf blast, other disease and insect pests. It shows intermediate germination ratio at low temperature and similar tolerance to leaf discolor at seeding stage and heading-delay but it is resistant to spikelets-sterility type of cold damage at maturing stage compared with 'Heugjinjubyeo'. The yield performance of this variety in brown rice is about 5.07 MT/ha and is adaptable to the central and southern plain areas of Korea.