• 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2005

This paper investigates any possible correlation between the information structure and the occurrence of clause internal pauses in the spontaneous discourse. One of the possible functions of pause is its capacity to signal the information structure of the discourse. However, this aspect was not much explored in Korean spontaneous speech. In the present study, information structure of spontaneous speech was defined for each word or word group on the basis of the information structure analysis model proposed by Van Donzel (1999) and Roulet (1991, 1997). Thus, at a local level (words or word groups) of discourse structure, a distinction was made between three types of information, new, given and inferable. The results showed that clause internal pauses tend to appear more frequently before new information than other types of information. However compared to the total number of words or word groups it was not noticed any specific ordering concerning different kind of information status and pausing. It was however found that clause internal pauses did not appear randomly. The majority of them occurred at the initial part of the clause or the sentence. This tendency was mostly related to the division of sentence (or clause) into topic and comment. Thus, the role of pauses as a marker of information structure seems to be less effective in spontaneous discourse.

• 인지과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-92
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• 2005

담화에 있어서의 응집성과 대비 정보의 특성에 대한 언어학적 이론 연구 결과를 간단히 고찰하고, 이를 담화 이해에 있어서의 대비정보 처리 과정에 대한 인지심리학적 이론과 연결하여, 담화에서의 대비 정보의 처리과정에 대한 잠정적 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델의 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 단문과 장문의 글을 사용하여 실시된 8개의 실험절차와 결과를 기술하였다. 실험 결과, 대비 문장은 부호화 시에 처리시간이 더 걸리나, 인출 시에는 재인 속도가 빨랐으며 더 많은 양이 단서 회상되었다. 대비가 담화구조의 소형구조와 대형구조 수준의 어느 수준에서 일어났는가에 따라서 부호화 시간에 차이가 났으며, 대비 문장 직후 문장은 그것이 대비 상황의 갈등적 의미를 해결하여주건 안하건 간에 처리시간이 길었다. 8개의 실험 결과들이 언어학과 인지심리학에서의 응집성 연구 및 대비 연구를 통합하는 연구 틀을 발전시킴에 시사하는 바가 논의되었다.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제27호
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• pp.167-196
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• 2009

주자학에 있어서 군(君)·신(臣)·민(民)의 관계에 대해, 본고에서는 '군(君)·신(臣)·민(民)의 위상'과 '군(君)·신(臣)·민(民)의 소통'이라는 두 맥락으로 대별하여 논하였다. '군(君)·신(臣)·민(民)의 위상'에 있어서는 주자학의 주권론과 통치권론을 살펴보았다. 주자는 주관(主權)의 차원에서 보자면 민(民)이 귀(貴)하고 군(君)이 경(輕)하나, 통치권(統治權)의 차원에서 보자면 군(君)이 귀(貴)하고 민(民)은 경(輕)하다고 보았다. 주자는 이 두 주장은 차원을 달리 하며 양립하는 것으로, 결코 모순이 아니라고 보았다. 주자는 통치권의 운용에 있어서는 군주권(君主權)·재상권(宰相權)·간관권(諫官權)으로 분립시켜 서로 견제하도록 하는 것이 바람직하다고 보았다. 주자가 권력분립을 옹호한 까닭은, 국가는 한 사람만의 힘으로는 다스릴 수 없다는 점과 상호 견제를 통하여 통치권이 공정하게 운용될 수 있다는 점에 있었다. '군(君)·신(臣)·민(民)의 소통'에 있어서는 주자학의 감응론(感應論)과 공론론(公論論)을 살펴보았다. 감응론은 '덕치(德治)를 통한 도덕적 감응'과 '여민동락(與民同樂)을 통한 정서적 감응'을 두 축으로 삼는다. 공론론은 '군(君)·신(臣)·민(民)의 의사의 소통'과 그 공정한 수렴을 지향하는 것이다. 주자는 공론(公論)을 '천리(天理)에 따르고 인심(人心)에 부합하여, 천하의 모든 사람들이 함께 옳게 여기는 것'이라고 정의했다. 주자는 천리(天理)와 민심(民心)이 접맥되는 지점에서 공론(公論)의 이론적 근거를 발견하고, 공론(公論)에 공동선(共同善)의 추구라는 의미를 부여했던 것이다. 주자는 공론을 구현할 수 있는 제도적 장치들로서 언로(言路)의 개방과 언론(言論)의 자유를 역설하고, 공론의 주도자로서 간관(諫官)의 역할을 중시했다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제4호
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• pp.15-38
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• 1998

The main purpose of this paper is to take a look at a controversial approach to critical discourse analysis for the suggestion of a well-balanced perspective on such a biased presupposition and methodology. Currently linguists, language teachers and even social scientists have shown their strong interests in critical language awareness and its ideological involvements in order to encourage the general public to realize the social function of language in all modes of communication. It seems, however, to me to be increasingly clear that critical language study calls for a careful attempt based on an appropriate combination of textual facts and contextual factors in the interpretation of discourses. From this point, of view, this paper suggests some pedagogic / analytical guidelines for a study on language and its social connotations as a result of examining the cogency of two contrasting argumentations in relation to critical discourse analysis.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2015

The area of discourse analysis has long neglected the value of images as a semiotic resource in communication. This paper suggests that like language, images are rich in meaning potential and are governed by visual grammar structures which can be utilized to decode the meanings of images. Employing a theoretical framework in visual communication, two digital images are examined for their representational and interactive dimensions and the dimensions' relation to the magazine advertisement genre. The results show that the framework identified narrative and conceptual processes, relations between participants and viewers, and symbolic attributes of the images, which all contribute to the sociological interpretations of the images. The identities and relationships between viewers and participants suggested in the images signify desirable qualities that may be associated to the product of the advertiser. The findings support the theory of visual grammar and highlight the potential of images to convey multi-layered meanings.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2021

Rhetorical relations between two text fragments are essential information and support natural language processing applications such as Question - Answering (QA) system and automatic text summarization to produce an effective outcome. Question - Answering (QA) system facilitates users to retrieve a meaningful response. There is a demand for rhetorical relation based datasets to develop such a system to interpret and respond to user requests. There are a limited number of datasets for developing an Arabic QA system. Thus, there is a lack of an effective QA system in the Arabic language. Recent research works reveal that unsupervised learning can support the QA system to reply to users queries. In this study, researchers intend to develop a rhetorical relation based dataset for implementing unsupervised learning applications. A web crawler is developed to crawl Arabic content from the web. A discourse-annotated corpus is generated using the rhetorical structural theory. A Naïve Bayes based QA system is developed to evaluate the performance of datasets. The outcome shows that the performance of the QA system is improved with proposed dataset and able to answer user queries with an appropriate response. In addition, the results on fine-grained and coarse-grained relations reveal that the dataset is highly reliable.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2007년도 정기학술대회
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• pp.29-41
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• 2007

Concepts of greater and greater complexity can be constructed by building systems of entities, by relating other entities to that system with a figure-ground relation, by embedding concepts of figure-ground in the concept of change, by embedding that in causality, and by coarsening the granularity and beginning the process over again. This process can be called the Ontological Ascent. It pervades natural language discourse, and suggests that to do lexical semantics properly, we must carefully axiomatize abstract theories of systems of entities, the figure-ground relation, change, causality, and granularity. In this paper, I outline what these theories should look like.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.445-457
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• 2011

1. Purpose Lee Je-Ma had continued to revise "Donguisusebowon" by adding the contents of the Symptomatic-pharmacology(病證藥理論) on Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeeumin to it from the first establishment of the old version in 1894 to 1900.(new version). This paper tries to find out the contents and meaning of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases(病證論) between the old version and new version and what the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases affected the Theory of Eight Constitution created in subsequent years. 2. Methods I classified the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" into old version and new version and tried to find out the Theory of Eight morbidities(8病證論) which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution, before reviewing their relation. 3. Conclusions 1) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in the old version specify that the externally sensed diseases are caused by the deep sediment of nature(性) and that the internally touched diseases are caused by the violent activities of emotion(情). In addition, it said that all diseases are caused by the specific characteristics of patient's smaller internal organs(偏小之臟). But in new version, the diseases were understood through the concept Exterior, Interior, Heat and cold(表裏寒熱). The new version said that the diseases may be caused not only the specific characteristics of patient's smaller organs but also by bigger organs(偏大之臟). 2) The Theory of Eight Constitution was derived from the Theory of Eight morbidities, in which all kinds of human diseases are caused by 8 disease-orgin organ and that the diseases therefore can be classified into 8 morbidities. The Theory of Eight morbidities reorganized the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" by classifying them into first morbidity and second morbidity. 3) The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon" has decisively affected the creation of the Theory of Eight morbidities which is the predecessor of the Theory of Eight Constitution. The Theory of Eight morbidities may be deemed another interpretation of the Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases in "DongYiSuseBowon". As the Theory of Eight morbidities put emphasis on the genetic characteristics, the Theory of Eight Constitution stating that Eight morbidities are caused by different specific constitution was derived.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.79-101
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• 2015

담론의 역할은 무엇일까? 미셸 푸코(Michel Foucault)는 특정 사회와 시기의 권력(power)은 담론을 통해 인식과 규범 체계 형성에 영향을 미치는 지식(knowledge)을 생성하여 사회와 구성원을 통제한다는 권력지식관계(power and knowledge relations)를 제시한다. 본 연구는 권력지식관계론의 근간을 이루는 배제의 형성(인식의 통제), 그리고 물질성 및 실천성(규범체계)을 분석 틀로 삼아, 4명의 전임 한국대통령의 복지관련 연설문에 대한 담론해석을 시도하였다. 분석결과로 복지와 성장의 균형 그리고 최고의 복지는 일자리(복지-성장-고용의 연계), 개인의 경제적 자립과 자활, 선별적 복지의 지향, 의존적이고 시혜적인 복지를 배제하는 지배적인 인식체계를 형성하고 있음을 발견하였다. 하지만 권력이 항상 체계적이고 정립된 지식을 형성하는 것은 아니며 인식과 규범의 괴리 문제가 동시에 관찰되었다. 푸코의 담론해석은 한국의 낮은 복지지출에 대한 인과적 추론을 제시하는 반면, 지식의 생산자와 주입자로서의 권력의 역할에 대한 과도한 초점은 어떻게 현대적 변화들을 지식체계에 수용할 것인가에 대한 질문을 남긴다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.251-270
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• 2010

The subject of the paper is to discern the validity of the translation theory put forward by the ESIT(Ecole Sup?rieur d'Interpr?tes et de Tranducteurs, Universit? Paris III) and how it differentiates from the other translation theories. First, the paper will analyze the theoretical aspects put forward by examining the equivalence that may be discerned between the french and korean translation in relation to the original english text that is being translated. Employing the equivalence in translation may shed new insights into the unterminable discussions we witness today between the literal translation and the free translation. Contrary to the formal equivalence the dynamic equivalence by Nida suggests that the messages retain the same meanings whether it be the original or a translated text to the/for the reader. In short, the object of the dynamic equivalence is to identify the closest equivalence to the suggested source language. The concept of correspondence and equivalence defined by theoriticians of translation falls to the domain of dynamic equivalence suggested by Nida. In translation theory the domain of usage of language and the that of discourse is denoted separately. by usage one denotes the translation through symbols that make up language itself. In contrast to this, the discourse is suggestive of defining the newly created expressions which may be denoted as being a creative equivalence which embodies the original message for the singular situation at hand. The translator will however find oneself incorporating the two opposing theories in translating. Translation falls under the criteria of text and not of language, thus one cannot regulate or foresee any special circumstances that may arise in translation of discourse, the translation to reflect this condition should always be delimited. All other translation should be subject to translation by equivalence. The interpretation theory in translation (of ESIT) in effect is relative to both the empirical and philosophical approach and is suggestive of new perspective in translation. In conclusion, the above suggested translation theory is different from the skopos theory and the polysystem theory in that it only takes in to account the elements that are in close relation to the original text, and also that it was developed for educational purposes opening new perspectives in the domain of translation theories.