• Korean Linguistics
• /
• v.65
• /
• pp.211-236
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate categorical characteristics of 'mak' and their discourse functions through analyzed the prosodic features of 'mak'. The previous studies of 'mak' focused on grammatical or semantic characteristics, but this study focuses on the prosodic features of 'mak' based on speech data. As a result, adverb 'mak' and discourse marker 'mak' are distinguished from prosodic boundary, duration, pause and sort of number tonal patterns. Functions of discourse marker 'mak' is as follows: Maintenance of utterance, Attention, Delay, Expression negative manner. These functions have salient prosodic features related to their functions. Consequently prosodic features are important to analyze categorical characteristics and to establish functions of 'mak'.

• Journal of Korean language education
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.209-233
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the pragmatic functions of '-ketun(yo)' expressed in the discourse associating with the context of communication based on the actual conversations of Korean native speakers. As discourse is closely related to the context, contextual factors surrounding the discourse should be actively considered in order to reveal the function of grammar expressed in the discourse. Also, there is need to consider the grammatical functions in terms of the linguistic user which is the subject of interaction in the discourse. Based on this necessity, in this study, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of '-ketun(yo).' As a result, '-ketun(yo)-' had a great influence on the formation and expansion of the shared context in communication contexts. The shared context is expanded through generative mutual knowledge and priori mutual knowledge. As a result of the conversation analysis, '-ketun(yo)-' was used at a high frequency in the expansion of generative mutual knowledge formation. In addition, '-ketun(yo)-' appeared to have a discourse cohesion function that binds topics with other topics. In the case that '-ketun(yo)-' is formed through priori mutual knowledge, '-ketun(yo)-' could be used as a sign to lead the union of the speaker and the listener. This study has significance in that it examines the pragmatic functions of '-ketun(yo)-' in relation to the context of communication based on actual utterance.

• Language Facts and Perspectives
• /
• v.44
• /
• pp.31-70
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the formal features and discourse functions f quotations in Korean lectures. In this study, quotations with quotation marks and quotations made from shell nouns, as well as quotations with quotation marks '고, 라고' and quotations made from quotation verbs, were included in the category of quotes. For my research, I examined the form of quotes and the discourse functions of 1536 quotes in the lecture discourse of 66,693 words. As a result, indirect quotations were used much more than direct quotes in Korean lectures (80 % : 20 %). Because a lecture is a informational discourse, it is more important to simplify the information and deliver it efficiently based on the content rather than directly quoting it for the purpose of empathy or vividness of events. On the other hand, however, the speakers(lectures) wanted to guarantee the objectivity and originality of the information delivered. For this purpose, the speakers(lectures) used the form of a semi-directional quotation, which is to maintain the original intonation, modality or to use the direct quotation marker '라고' as the direct quotes. In lectures, the speakers use a variety of discourse strategies to effectively manage the hearer's information acceptance, and many quotes were used for this purpose. Quotes were most often used to develop statements efficiently(22.6%). And many quotes were used to ease the burden of hearers accepting new informations and terms(12.8%). In addition, quotes were used to enhance the original informations(17.8%), and the speaker used them as a hedge to express his thoughts or opinions in a roundabout way(11.4%). Finally, quotes were also used to present examples(9.2%) or to indicate verbal forms in supporting materials such as handouts or textbooks(3.1%). These discourse functions reflects the special nature of the lecture discourse.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.29
• /
• pp.453-477
• /
• 2012

This study investigates how the truth-related words in Korean, which were originally noun or adverb with 'truth' related meaning, can be used as discourse markers with the functions such as 'emphatic marker', 'attention getter', or 'hesitation marker', and it argues that such functions of the discourse markers are the result of grammaticalization process. That is to say that the truth-related words have acquired new functions as discourse markers from their corresponding lexical items as a noun or an adverb through grammaticalization process. In this study, we demonstrate that the truth-related words tend to appear sentence-initially or sentence-medially when they are used as discourse markers. We also show that they are most likely to be used as emphatic marker because of the lexical meaning of the truth-related words. Finally, we state that truth-related words differ from one another in where they appear and what function they are used with.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.22
• /
• pp.329-354
• /
• 2011

This paper aims to probe into the meaning of Ranhou in Mandarin Chinese and to account for discourse functions of it in radio call-in programme. For this purpose, the present study investigates the meaning of Ran and Hou repectively at first and explains the change of meaning of Ranhou, because we assume that Ranhou is compounded by Ran and Hou, and the core meaning is derived from its compounded meaning. Then we examine which time category Ranhou belongs to more based on the concept of time(reference, event, discourse) in Schiffrin(1987), and examine also where it is located within turn. Following this examination, we analysis and explain discourse functions what it is situated. Therethrough, we understand that 1) Ran has 'agreement or confirmation of preceded utterance' therefore has anaphoric meaning, and Hou has 'after' in the meaning cline: back of body-back part-behind-after-retarded(proposed by Heine et al. 1991), so that Ranhou has 'after agreement or confirmation of preceded utterance of mine' and extends to 'on premise preceded utterance or event' furthermore, and therefore can have possibility having various functions; 2) Ranhou has various functions in natural language in spite of the institutional setting. It can indicate (1) temporal relation of events, (2) logic relation of two(or more) events, e.g. causality, elaboration, concession, list, (3) turn maintence, acquisition, management, (4) verbal filler.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.33-58
• /
• 2007

The present paper aims at comparing the two modes of CMC - synchronous and asynchronous - in terms of discourse markers used in turn-initial positions. It further attempts to examine the viability and limitations of these two modes of CMC in fostering EFL learners' face-to-face conversation skills. For these purposes, the present study analyzed 33 Korean EFL learners' Web chat and E-mail exchange data. Discourse markers in the participants' Web chat transcripts and those in their E-mail transcripts were identified and then compared in terms of their frequency and functions. The analysis revealed that the participants show difference in their preference for discourse markers depending on the modes of CMC. Also, the functions of discourse markers used for Web chat showed were strikingly different from those for e-mail. Especially, e-mail discourse markers revealed greater discrepancy from the markers in face-to-face conversation. The differences were found to be attributable to the time factor involved with the turn-taking systems of the two modes of CMC, especially the degree of instantaneousness in their turn-taking. Findings suggest that the turn taking skills and discourse marker use in CMC is not applicable to face-to-face conversation contexts. Pedagogical implications are discussed.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.177-194
• /
• 2011

This study examines the use of discourse markers in cross-cultural communication between EFL learners in an e-learning environment. The study analyzes the use of discourse markers in a corpus of an interactive web with a bulletin board system through which college students of English at Japanese and Korean universities interacted with each other discussing the topics of local and global issues. It compares the use of discourse markers in the learners' corpus to that of a native English speakers' corpus. The results indicate that discourse markers are useful interactional devices to structure and organize discourse. EFL learners are found to display more frequent use of referentially and cognitively functional discourse markers and a relatively rare use of other markers. Native speakers are found to use a wider variety of discourse markers for different functions. Suggestions are made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners' language difficulties and helping them become more interactionally competent speakers.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.61-73
• /
• 2003

This is a descriptive study to identify patterns of teacher questioning discourse. Transcripts from Korean secondary science classrooms were examined while extensive review of literature on classroom discourse was carried out. When it is assumed that teacher questioning discourse can be categorized into different patterns by considering together the apparent exchange structures and pedagogical functions, various patterns of teacher questioning discourse were revealed. Although most patterns found illustrate the centrality of the teacher, a few of them are considered alternatives to the typical IRE discourse. A framework for classifying teacher questioning discourse is suggested and its implications for science teacher education and future research discussed.

• Language Facts and Perspectives
• /
• v.47
• /
• pp.495-535
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributional characteristics of the construction of the auxiliary verb 'hada' to morphological and semantic aspects in the corpus composed of four language register of academic prose, newspaper, fiction, and spoken language by applying computational linguistic research methodology. It is also aimed to analyze how the discourse function of the construction of the auxiliary verb 'hada' that express the meaning of 'conditions/assumptions' is performed, and from that, to investigate what the mechanism that the construction of the auxiliary verb 'hada' performs various semantic functions at the discourse level is. As a result of the study, it was shown that the construction of the auxiliary verb 'hada' performs the primary grammatical meaning by adding meaning of linguistic features such as connective ending which is combining with the preceding verb, final ending, particles, formulaic expression. And that meaning performs various discourse functions according to the contextual conditions such as the formality, the relationship between participant's of utterance, contents of utterance, speaker's attitude. From this, it can be seen that the function of discourse is not fixed, it is a new additional meaning obtain from the discourse level including various contexts, and it is characterized by contextual dependency that can change if some of these conditions are different.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.6
• /
• pp.55-82
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the Korean accusative marker {-lil} which functions as a discourse marker in discourse. Generally, in written texts or read speeches, it is seldom omitted and it certainly seems to serve a grammatical function. But in ordinary discourse, speakers do not use it in many cases. That is, the environments speakers use {-lil} differ from those they do not. According to the semantic interpretations, {-lil} functions as a pragmatic factor and adds to the meaning of the object in an utterance. In this paper, by comparing the acoustic characteristics of the utterances that contain the marker {-lil} with those of utterances that do not, especially based on Korean Intonational Phonology, we will demonstrate that the Korean accusative marker {-lil} shows clearly the acoustic characteristics related to the pragmatic factors which reflect speakers' special intention.