• 한국어학
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• 제65권
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• pp.211-236
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate categorical characteristics of 'mak' and their discourse functions through analyzed the prosodic features of 'mak'. The previous studies of 'mak' focused on grammatical or semantic characteristics, but this study focuses on the prosodic features of 'mak' based on speech data. As a result, adverb 'mak' and discourse marker 'mak' are distinguished from prosodic boundary, duration, pause and sort of number tonal patterns. Functions of discourse marker 'mak' is as follows: Maintenance of utterance, Attention, Delay, Expression negative manner. These functions have salient prosodic features related to their functions. Consequently prosodic features are important to analyze categorical characteristics and to establish functions of 'mak'.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2004

This paper investigates the prosodic characteristics of discourse boundaries in spontaneous conversation. In this study, the term 'conversation' is taken to refer to a kind of talk in which two or more participants alternate in speaking about particular topics. Such a definition implies that there are at least two sorts of structures in the conversation: textual structure and interactive structure. This requires us to consider not just the textual influences on prosody but also the impact of interactive context. The aim of this study is to find out the acoustic-prosodic means used by speakers to signal discourse boundaries in conversational interaction. The results show that the conflict between the structural level and the interactive level obliges the speakers to reorganize the prosodic variables according to the type of discourse boundaries.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제20권3E호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2001

This study aims to describe a prosodic pattern on the Korean subjective particles with respect to their discourse function. 4 kinds of Korean subjective particles were mainly investigated with reference to sentential location, grammatical relations that precede or follow the word including subjective particles, and prosodic phrasing. F0 and energy were gradually diminished as the particles moved down to the sentential final position. 'Ga'particle, which has been potentially regarded as having a grammatical focusing function, looks like to show relatively higher F0 in sentential medial in discourse. At sentential medial position, when the words including 'ga, eun, and neun'particles were preceded by adverbials, the acoustic variables of particles tended to be diminished by some ratio in comparison with the mean value. The duration of particles might vary with respect to style variation and especially that it tended to diminish from 150 basic, 50 separate, and finally 50 discourse successively. And there's some specific phenomenon that prosodic phrasing itself was relatively easily taken place after 'eun' and 'neun' particles. Finally, I tried to catch the prosodic characteristics (which would be established as acoustic features) of inter-word position at which specific subjective particles were intervened. These acoustic features can be made up of the duration and F0 fluctuation activated in the successive 3 syllables in which word (or prosodic) boundary was located.

• 한국어학
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• 제81권
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• pp.267-297
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• 2018

Vowel raising in Korean has been primarily treated as a phonological, categorical change. This study aims to show how the Korean connective suffix {-go} is realized in various environments, and propose a principle of vowel raising based on both acoustic and perceptual data. To that end, we used a corpus of spoken Korean to analyze the types of syntactic constructions, the realization of prosodic boundaries (IP and PP), and the types of boundary tone associated with {-go}. It was found that the vowel tends to be raised most frequently in utterance-final position, while in utterance-medial position the vowel was raised more when the syntactic and prosodic distance between {-go} and the following constituent was smaller. The results for boundary tone also showed a correlation between vowel raising and the discourse function of the boundary tone. In conclusion, we propose that vowel raising is not simply an optional phenomenon, but rather a type of phonetic reduction related to the comprehension of the following constituent.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2008

'The eye' and 'the gaze' organize the visual system and distinguish the subject from the others. Recent philosophical thoughts have forcefully argued against the tradition characterized by the domination of the eye that assimilates the alterity of the others to one's own, cancels their alterity, and totalizes their differences within himself. In the speculative discourse modeled on the eye, the alienation of self in its other and the reflection of the object are linked together in such a way as to form a totality in which they are reflected into one's another, leaving absolutely no remainder outside. By contrast to this totalizing tendency of the eye, Sartre and Lacan propose the gaze that becomes constitutive of vision. The modern architecture reinforced subject's eye and clearly separated the others from subject Through Descartes's visual paradigm, space became homogeneous and nature was seized by architecture. However, recently the clear boundary between subject and object is disappearing. Lacan insisted that oneself's eye and the other's gaze are mixed up in human sight This means that the boundary between the subject and the other is indistinct and also the boundary between an object and landscape is meaningless in architecture. The overthrow of gaze in contemporary architecture appears in the form of trans-boundary, translucency and widen architectural notion and expression.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2016

The purpose of the current study was to examine the acquisition of the second language prosody by Korean learners of English. Specifically, this study investigated Korean learners' patterns of prosodic phrasing and their use of edge tones (i.e., phrase accents and boundary tones) in English, and then compared the patterns with those of native English speakers. Eight Korean learners and 8 native speakers of English read 5 different English passages. Both groups' patterns of tones and prosodic phrasing were analyzed using the Mainstream American English Tones and Break Indices (MAE_ToBI) transcription conventions. The results indicated that the Korean learners chunked their speech into prosodic phrases more frequently than the native speakers did. This frequent prosodic phrasing pattern was especially noticeable in sentence-internal prosodic phrases, often where there was no punctuation mark. Tonal analyses revealed that the Korean learners put significantly more High phrase accents (H-) on their sentence-internal intermediate phrase boundaries than the native speakers of English. In addition, compared with the native speakers, the Korean learners used significantly more High boundary tones (both H-H% and L-H%) for the sentence-internal intonational phrases, while they used similar proportion of High boundary tones for the sentence-final intonational phrases. Overall, the results suggested that Korean learners of English successfully acquired the meanings and functions of prosodic phrasing and edge tones in English as well as that they are able to efficiently use these prosodic features to convey their own discourse intention.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

It is the juristocracy in architecture to judge the architectural plagiarism by copyright law. The architectural plagiarism should judge by architectural criticism. From the point of the criticism to discuss architectural plagiarism, the study on artistic imitation should be preceding. The current discussion on architectural plagiarism doesn't consider artistic imitation. Therefore, the result of the discussion only focused on whether the building is plagiarizing or not. From the point of architectural criticism, there should be three considerations, which are creation, imitation, and plagiarism. In the study of Aesthetics, it theorized artistic imitation as the appropriation. With the understanding of the appropriation, contemporary art is developing the discourse on plagiarism beyond the boundary of plagiarism fundamentalism. The purpose of this study is to apply the appropriation to the discussion of architectural plagiarism. The study introduces the discourse on architectural plagiarism rather than judging it with copyright law. There so the study categorized the aesthetics standard of appropriation art, then apply it to the architecture cases. The architecture cases subjects of analysis are the glasshouse by Philip Johnson, National Museum of Australia by Howard Raggatt, and the Meiquan 22nd Century in China. At the point of the appropriation theory, the glasshouse is the only architectural appropriation, and others need to apply the evaluation criteria of plagiarism.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.633-650
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 예비 수학 교사가 수학을 대하는 방식과 무한과 관련된 수학적 개념을 일상적인 언어로 표현하는 방식을 탐색함으로써 언어적 표현이 수학적 표현으로 연계되는 과정을 통합적으로 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위하여 S 사범대학을 선정하여 수학 예비교사들을 대상으로 무한에 관련된 개념, 둘레 길이가 무한인데 넓이가 유한한 도형에 대한 아이디어, 무한합에 관련된 개념과 수학적 지식을 다루는 언어적 표현 양상을 탐구하였다. 2009년 11월부터 2010년 2월 사이에 수학교육과 2학년 학생 2명을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였으며 연구참여자가 고안한 무한에 관련된 문제상황을 풀어나가는 과정에서 자연스럽게 후속질문을 구사하였다. 본 연구는 수학을 다루는 연구참여자 개인적 특성과 고유한 방식에 따라 무한과 관련된 개념을 일상적 언어와 수학적 언어로 표현하는 방식에 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 마지막에 연구참여자에 대한 사례간의 논의를 통하여 교수학적 지식 형성과 관련하여 후속 연구에 대한 방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

England's green belt policy as it delivered its framework to designating the development restriction zones(DRZ) in Korea is the key to address issues which try to change green belt boundary or/and housing development. Therefore it should necessarily be reviewed on the understanding of how England has been formulating a national policy to deal with the issues focusing on opportunities for housing development and recreation. This study explored the discourse and framework of England's green belt policy as well as driver changes of housing development and recreation. Results show several characteristics of England's green belt policy which are civil society consensus on conservation and management, limited small-scale housing development through management of release rates, a systematic procedure for application and approval, open-recreation space expansion and utilisation under the premise of conservation of natural green areas, and management structure by the involvement of NGO organisations. Therefore, five suggestions can be delivered to developing Korea's DRZ frameworks: first, preceding social consensus on the preservation value of development-restricted zones, second, addressing housing shortages in different alternatives e.g.) environmental-friendly small-scale housing, third, institutionalising the total proportion of release, fourth, establishing an open-recreation space, fifth, introducing expanded public-private partnerships. Ultimately securing the legitimacy of the nation's development-restricted zone system can contribute positively to the environment preservation and human health by promoting public leisure activities in terms of the recent increase in external activities caused by the Covid-19 crisis. Concluding remarks are here that the understanding of England's green belt policy can be delivered to and help formulate domestic policy addressing current issues.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

The comtemporary architecture has not an discourse on form and representative style, but a new architectural concept of the generative process through the various relationship of the urban context, the continuity of the time and the experience of the people. This architectureal concepts make new and various architectural attempts to have a virtuality. The viruality is a reality to coexist with the present in contemporary philosophy. Daniel libeskind makes various arhcitectural experimentative attempts to reveal his virtuality through his memory as the Jews and his unconscious virtuality. The 'line' has the connotation of architectural reality and virtuality. Every line drawn becomes architectural form for example, walls, windows and makes spaces, and reveal a boundary as a connection. Architecture's visibility understates and structures its invisible aspect, so that the visible and the invisible make the architecture together. Daniel libeskind maks the virtual lines having the invisible of unconsious, time, and place. He no longer divide the form of architecture, its spatiality from all the implications which it adresses beyond its own particular built time and place and public unconsious mind. He demands the 'virtual line' that remembers distress and the past and reveal the virtuality of time and place. The virtual line is the sentimental communication of architecture.