• 한국농공학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.3477-3491
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• 1974

Following are the results of the study on the property of falling permeation of stratified soil in the close state under existence of stagnant water on a soil layer. 1. When on the stratified soil a least permeating layer was put on the soil layer the load Pressure was present owing to appearance of saturation close state driving decrease of the pressure in the lower layer, on the other hand when the least permeating layer was placed under the layer the lower least permeating layer pressure was decreased. 2. In the case of least permeating layer the variation of current gradient according to the respective level after treating the layer was enormous and due to usal storage phenomena for the Kl layer which was coarse that was trifle. 3. The permeability of the respective layer of stratified soil in the close state died not always coincide with that of single layer. 4. Generally Zunker's equation of average permeability was valid but actually calculated permeating velocity after treating the layer of stratified soil was seriously differ from the measured value owing to the variation of current gradient, especially when the pressure head at the layer boundany was discontinuous the validity of the equation of average permeability was seemed to be doubtful. 5. The permeating velocity of stratified soil was regulated by the least permeating layer, i.e. it is thought to be rational to estimate the value by calculating the current gradient with its proper permeability, pressure headon the layer and its thickness.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.467-474
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• 2000

The application of Terzaghi's theory of consolidation for analysing the settlement of multi-layered soils is not strictly valid because the theory involves an assumption that the soil is homogeneous. The settlement of stratified soils with confined aquifer can be analysed using numerical techniques whereby the governing differential equation is replaced by 2-dimensional finite difference approximations. The problems of discontinuous layer interface are very important in the algorithm and programming for the analysis of multi-layered consolidation using a numerical analysis, finite difference method(F.D.M.). Better results can be obtained by the process for discontinuous layer interface, since it can help consolidation analysis to model the actual ground The purpose of this paper provides an efficient computer algorithm based on numerical analysis using finite difference method(F.D.M) which account for multi-layered soils with confined aquifer to determine the degree of consolidation and excess pore pressures relative to time and positions more realistically.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.349-356
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• 1999

In general, the term soft ground includes clayey soils, which have large compressibility and small shear resistance due to the external load. All process of consolidation in compressible soils can be explained in terms of a transfer of load from an incompressible pore-water to a compressible soil structure. Therefore, one of the most important subjects about the characteristics of the time-dependent consolidation of the clay foundation by the change of load may be the presumption of the final settlement caused by consolidation and the degree of consolidation according to the time. The problems of discontinuous layer interface are very important in the algorithm and programming for the analysis of multi-layered soils using a numerical analysis, finite difference method. Better results can be obtained by the Process for discontinuous layer interface, since it can help consolidation analysis to model the actual ground. The purpose of this paper Provides an efficient computer algorithm based on numerical analysis using finite difference method(F.D.M.) which account for multi-layered soils to determine the degree of consolidation and excess pore pressures relative to time and positions more realistically.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.665-672
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• 2000

The problems of discontinuous layer interface are very important in the algorithm and programming for the analysis of multi-layered consolidation using a numerical analysis, finite difference method(F.D,M.). Better results can be obtained by the process for discontinuous layer interface, since it can help consolidation analysis to model the actual ground Explicit method is simple for analysis algorithm and convenient for use except for applying the operator Crank-Nicolson method represents implicit method, which have different analysis method according to weighting factor. This method uses different algorithm according to dimension. And, this paper uses alternative direction implicit method. The purpose of this paper provides an efficient computer algorithm based on numerical analysis using finite difference method which account for multi-layered soils with confined aquifer to determine the degree of consolidation and excess pore pressures relative to time and positions more realistically.

• 기술사
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1992

This study was carried to find out the soil characteristics of landslide site and to develope landslide prediction method by seismic refraction prospecting. For these aims, landslide condition and travel time were investigated at 68 Landslide sites over the country during 1990 to 1991. The results were as follows. 1. The surface of rupture was included mainly in C layer. Its Hardness was less than 3kg / $\textrm{cm}^2$ at the upper pare of landslide. 2. When the profile line length was 20m, the range of travel time was 40 to 90 msec. The travel time did not differ between bedrocks. 3. Refraction distance ranged from 1 to 7m and mean of that was 2.5m. Travel time was increased according to receiving distance without large variance in the refraction distance but that was appeared large variance out of the refraction distance on slope that has shallow soil depth and discontinuous ground surface. Therefore, the spread distance must be shorten to 10-l5m. 4. The seismic velocity at the first layer(layer of rupture) was less than 500m1sec by degree of weathering and the velocity at the second layer decreased in order of Granite> Granitic gneiss >Sedimentary rock. 5. The first layer observed by seismic refraction was contained C layer that has parent material and weathered rocks of hardness 10-20kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. 6. Among the range of seismic velocity was less than 200m/sec in 63% of the total plots, 200-300m/sec in 34% and 300-500m /sec in 3%. 7. There was a proportional relationship between seismic prospecting soil depth and executive soil depth, and seismic propection soil depth was about 10 to 20cm deeper than the order.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2005

엄밀한 지반-구조물 상호작용 해석을 위해서는 지반에 대한 묘사가 적절히 이루어져야 한다. 그러나 물성이 불연속적이거나 지층의 모양이 복잡할 때에는 유한요소망을 구성하는 것이 어려운데, 그 이유는 유한요소망이 지층의 모양을 정확히 나타내어야하기 때문이다. 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 지층의 불연속선을 따라 요소를 재배열하지 않고 엄밀하게 수치적분이 가능한 방법을 채용하였다. 그 결과로 정렬된 요소망을 그대로 이용하게 되어 강성행렬의 성질이 좋아지며, 해석 또한 신뢰성이 높아지게 되었다. 이 해석 방법을 이용하여 지진응답에 미지는 지층의 영향을 조사하였으며, 결과적으로 복잡하고 불연속적인 물성을 가지는 지층으로 이루어진 지반과 구조물의 상호작용을 해석하는 데에 쉽게 이용 될 수 있음을 보였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.463-472
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• 2019

The mode perturbation method (MPM) is suitable and efficient for solving the eigenvalue problem of a nonuniform soil deposit whose property varies with depth. However, results of the MPM do not always converge to the exact solution, when the variation of soil deposit property is discontinuous. This discontinuity is typical because soil is usually made up of sedimentary layers of different geologic materials. Based on the energy integral of the variational principle, a new mode perturbation method, the energy-based mode perturbation method (EMPM), is proposed to address the convergence of the perturbation solution on the natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes and is able to find solution whether the soil properties are continuous or not. First, the variational principle is used to transform the variable coefficient differential equation into an equivalent energy integral equation. Then, the natural mode shapes of the uniform shear beam with same height and boundary conditions are used as Ritz function. The EMPM transforms the energy integral equation into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations which significantly simplifies the eigenvalue solution of the soil layer with variable properties. Finally, the accuracy and convergence of this new method are illustrated with two case study examples. Numerical results show that the EMPM is more accurate and convergent than the MPM. As for the mode shapes of the uniform shear beam included in the EMPM, the additional 8 modes of vibration are sufficient in engineering applications.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.314-322
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• 2009

특산속 식물인 모데미풀의 자생지 식생을 비롯해 환경 및 토양 특성을 조사하여 보존 및 복원 시 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 모데미풀의 자생지는 770~1,440m에 위치하고, 경사는 $0{\sim}20^{\circ}$로 완만하였으며, 주로 계곡부 북사면에 불연속적인 군락을 형성하고 있었다. 식생분석결과 78개 방형구 내에서 조사된 분류군은 총 111종류였다. 중요치는 모데미풀이 27.05%로 가장 높았으며, 모데미풀과 비슷한 환경을 선호하는 분류군으로는 박새 (5.67%), 현호색 (5.32%), 눈개승마 (4.35%), 벌깨덩굴(4.06%), 홀아비바람꽃(3.91%) 등으로 나타났다. 자생지 상층 수목 중 교목층은 층층나무, 가래나무, 신갈나무, 당단풍나무, 고로쇠나무 등이 우점종으로 나타났고, 아교목층은 당단풍나무와 까치박달이 높은 빈도를 보였으며, 관목층은 물참대와 귀룽나무가 우점하였다. 종다양도는 평균 1.16이었고, 우점도와 균등도는 각각 0.12와 0.81로 나타났다. 토양의 포장용수량은 평균 26.41%이었으며, 유기물 함량은 7.83%로 나타났고, pH는 5.83으로 확인되었다. 환경특성과 식생 및 토양 분석 결과에 기초한 상관분석에서는 경사와 pH, 경사와 유기물함량, 우점도와 중요치, 종다양도와 종풍부도가 정의 상관관계를, 우점도와 종다양도, 종다양도와 중요치는 부의 상관관계를 보였다.