• 식물병연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2023

2023년에 강진 귀리 재배농가에서 종자흑변병이 의심되는 종자가 다수 관찰되었다. 흑변 증상을 보이는 귀리종자 132개를 선발하여 곰팡이 감염률을 조사한 결과, Alternaria속이 84%를 차지할 만큼 우점으로 검출되었고 Alternaria alternata로 동정되었다. 강진 재배농가의 같은 포장에서 2022년에 수확한 종자와 외관 및 품질을 비교한 결과, 명도를 나타내는 L값이 2023년의 귀리 종자에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났으며 종자 품질을 평가하는 전기전도도는 2023년 종자에서 유의적으로 높게 측정되어 종자의 활력에 차이가 있었다. 귀리 파이토알렉신으로 알려진 아베난쓰라마이드 함량은 2023년 종자에서 2022년에 비해 10배 정도 높게 분석되었다. 출수 후 수확하기 전 생식생장 기간에 해당하는 2023년 5월 강진의 한 달 평균 강수량은 2022년 5월에 비해 230배 많았고 평균 상대습도도 높아 A. alternata의 감염에 적합한 환경이 조성되어 종자흑변병이 발생하였을 것으로 생각되었다. 기후변화로 대발생할 수 귀리 병에 대한 모니터링과 함께 적극적인 방제 노력이 필요하리라 생각한다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2010

This research was carried out to examine the properties of fancy cherry veneer overlaid on the PF resin bonded Meranti plywood floor, which 2.5% green tea leaf powder was applied in the UV varnishes and the adhesives for scavenging the volatile organic compounds. The results were as follows: 1. The various properties of the treated samples, such as density, moisture content, thickness swelling, bending strength(MOR), adhesion shear strength, surface abrasion, curling, cyclic delamination test with boiling water, boiling property, cold-resistance and heat resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance, and anti-contamination property showed no significant difference between the properties of the control samples. 2.5% green tea leaf powder treated floor gave a little better results than the control for surface scratch test. 2. In case of QUV and weathering test, no difference between the treated sample and control was found. 3. The floor was discolored by adding 10% green tea leaf powder to UV coating, and the floor was also discolored to light green during by the soaking test. The color of floor was not changed up to 5% addition level.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.778-785
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• 2009

This paper presents a Gabor texture feature extraction method for classification of discolored Metal pad images using GPU(Graphics Processing Unit). The proposed algorithm extracts the texture information using Gabor filters and constructs a pattern map using the extracted information. Finally, the golden pad images are classified by utilizing the feature vectors which are extracted from the constructed pattern map. In order to evaluate the performance of the Gabor texture feature extraction algorithm based on GPU, a sequential processing and parallel processing using OpenMP in CPU of this algorithm were adopted. Also, the proposed algorithm was implemented by using Global memory and Shared memory in GPU. The experimental results were demonstrated that the method using Shared memory in GPU provides the best performance. For evaluating the effectiveness of extracted Gabor texture features, an experimental validation has been conducted on a database of 20 Metal pad images and the experiment has shown no mis-classification.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of wound dressing with thiophanate-methyl paste on the compartmentalization of pruning wounds in Acer palmatum. A total of thirty field-grown trees were used for three different treatments, such as no dressing, dressing once right after pruning cut, and dressing twice, one more dressing treatment one year after initial dressing. Wound closure rate (WCR) and discolored/wound area ratio (D/W ratio) two years after treatment were measured. Variations of extractives, holocellulose and lignin at the treated branch unions were also examined. The WCR of no dressing treatment of 70.9% was significantly lower than those of the two dressing treatments (85.4% and 82.7%, respectively), while the difference between dressing once and twice was not significant. The D/W ratio of no dressing treatment (39.3%) was significantly higher than those of the two dressing treatments (around 30%). Generally, at the branch core of the treated union, contents of extractives and lignin were higher and holocellulose contents were lower than the branch core of the union with living branch. Among the branch core of treated union, no dressing treatment showed a relatively lower holocellulose (63.5%), and relatively higher extractives (2.8%) and lignin (26.6%) than dressing once (66.2%, 1.7%, 26.1%, respectively).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.357-370
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• 2002

This experiment was performed to investigate apoptosis during undergoing patho-genesis of Salmonella gallinarum(SG)-infected chicks. 16 days old, 49 chicks was infected with SG (10$\^$6/-10$\^$8/ CFU/㎖) experimentally, they were autopsied to remove liver, spleen, intestine and lung at 1, 6, 12hr, 1, 2, 4 and 7 day post infection(PI) respectively, for H-E and TUNEL staining. Grossly, white foci in the liver and enlarged spleen were seen on 4 day PI and coppery bronze liver, dark-red discolored intestine, green-yellowish discolored and enlarged spleen was observed on 7 day PI. Histopathologically, multi focal necrosis in the liver, follicle hyperplasia in the spleen and inflammatory cells infiltration in the intestine were shown from 2 day PI and more severely observed on 4 day and 7 day PI. In TUNEL analysis, apoptotic cells reached a maximum at 6hr PI in the liver and intestine and at 12hr PI in the spleen, and then decreased the levels of controls by 7 day PI.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to find in what color Korean handmade paper(Hanji) is dyed when it is dyed with a pigment extracted from mugworts using different kinds of mordant, and how the paper is discolored and variety of strength under the condition of accelerated aging test. The results of this experiment are as follows. Among mugwort mordants, only ferrous sulfate mordant produced unique khaki color with a slightly lower degree of discoloration, so it is considered to be applicable in dyeing Korean paper. Bright yellow and light green colors were obtained using mugwort but their chroma was too low for actual use. With regard to water used, colors obtained using underground water had high chroma, but when distilled water was used paper was colored in useless light green. Mordant was found to lower the strength of Korean handmade paper, and the lowering of strength was even more serious under the condition of forced deterioration.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2000

A wilt disease occurred on greenhouse-grown eggplants at Yeojoo, Korea in 1997. The wilted eggplants had leaves with gradual yellowing, interveinal necrosis, and marginal crinkling. Vascular tissues of diseased stems were discolored, turned black, and microsclerotia developed at the base of stems. The disease progressed from lower parts of the plants upward. Fungal isolates from discolored vascular tissues were initially whitish to cream color on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) plate, which later turned black due to the formation of microsclerotia. Conidiophores were erect, hyaline, verticillately branched, and had 3 or 4 phialides arising at each node. Phialides were hyaline, arranged in whorls, and measured as 17.5-32.5 x 2-3$\mu\textrm{m}$. Conidia were hyaline, ellipsoidal to sub-cylindrical, mainly one-celled, and measured as 5-8.8 x 2-4$\mu\textrm{m}$. Conidia were borne in small clusters at the tips of phialides. Microsclerotia formed on PDA plates, and consisted of globular cells that formed irregular masses of various shapes. Chlamydospores were absent. Based on these cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Verticillium dahliae Klebahn. Pathogenicity tests by root cutting, root dipping or soil drenching resulted in similar symptoms observed in the naturally infected eggplants. This is the first report on occurrence of Verticillium wilt of eggplant in Korea.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2014

When a tooth shows discoloration and does not respond to the cold test or electric pulp test (EPT) after a traumatic injury, its diagnosis can be even more difficult due to the lack of proper diagnostic methods to evaluate its vitality. In these case reports, we hope to demonstrate that ultrasound Doppler might be successfully used to evaluate the vitality of the tooth after trauma, and help reduce unnecessary endodontic treatments. In all three of the present cases, the teeth were discolored after traumatic injuries and showed negative responses to the cold test and EPT. However, they showed distinctive vital reactions in the ultrasound Doppler test during the whole observation period. In the first case, the tooth color returned to normal, and the tooth showed a positive response to the cold test and EPT at 10 wk after the injury. In the second case, the tooth color had returned to its normal shade at 10 wk after the traumatic injury but remained insensitive to the cold test and EPT. In the third case, the discoloration was successfully treated with vital tooth bleaching.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제7권2_3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 1993

Surface soils and aerial parts of Korean lawn(Zoysia koreana) at normal fair way of 4 golf courses and yellow discolored fairway of one golf course in Kyonggi province were taken at and analyzed for mineral contents in soil Mg and Ca were most deficient while EC was too high and phosphorus was exess. There were significant positive correlation between pH and Ca and between EC and total N. There was no consistent simple correlation between single component in soil and plant, indicating the involvement of multi-minerals in one mineral absorption. m mineral contents of aerial part Mg was severely low. potassium moderately but Ca was normal, Mg and Ca showed significant correlation in aerial part, yellow-discolored lawn showed the lowest content of Mg in aerial part and surface soil. Very high N and high phosphorus in aerial part inspite of low P in soil. The above facts indicates Mg deficiency in fair way soils in most golf courses resulting in yellow-discoloration in lawn.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.278-282
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• 2017

옥수수는 세계에서 가장 많이 재배되는 곡물 중 하나이며 중요한 식량자원이다. 생산 된 옥수수는 수확 및 건조 후에 저장되는데 저장 옥수수의 질을 떨어뜨리는 곰팡이 감염 및 곰팡이 독소는 생육 시기부터 저장기간 내내 발생한다. 이 연구는 우리나라에서 2015년 수확하여 1년정도 저장한 옥수수를 대상으로 옥수수의 크기와 변색 정도에 따른 감염 곰팡이 종과 독소검출을 조사하였다. 데옥시니발레놀과 제랄레논이 아플라톡신, 오크라톡신, 푸모니신, 티투독소보다 상대적으로 높은 수준으로 검출되었는데 특히, 데옥시니발레놀 경우 작은 낱알에서 $1200{\pm}610{\mu}g/kg$로 검출되었는데, 이는 이보다 큰 낱알에서 검출된 독소 함량에 비해 4배에서 6배까지 많은 양이 검출되었으며, 변색된 낱알의 혼입으로 인해 데옥시니발레놀, 제랄레논 및 푸모니신의 함량이 증가하였다. 곰팡이의 경우 Fusarium, Aspergillus 그리고 Penicillium 속 등 총 10종이 분리되었다. 이중 F. graminearum은 정상적인 낱알에 비해 변색 된 붉은색 낱알과 갈색 낱알에서 60%와 40%로 높은 빈도로 검출되었다. 따라서 수확 후 변색 또는 손상된 옥수수 낱알이 정상 낱알에 섞여 보관될 경우, 손상된 낱알에 오염되어 있던 병원균이 정상 낱알을 감염하여 진균 독소의 발생이 증가할 수 있으므로 오염 낱알의 제거가 곰팡이 및 독소의 오염 예방에 도움이 될 것이다.