• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.919-933
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• 2017

A series of Brazilian tests under diameter compression for disc specimens was carried out to investigate the strength and failure behavior by using acoustic emission (AE) and photography monitoring technique. On the basis of experimental results, load-displacement curves, AE counts, real-time crack evolution process, failure modes and strength property of granite specimens containing two pre-existing holes were analyzed in detail. Two typical types of load-displacement curves are identified, i.e., sudden instability (type I) and progressive failure (type II). In accordance with the two types of load-displacement curves, the AE events also have different responses. The present experiments on disc specimens containing two pre-existing holes under Brazilian test reveal four distinct failure modes, including diametrical splitting failure mode (mode I), one crack coalescence failure mode (mode II), two crack coalescences failure mode (mode III) and no crack coalescence failure mode (mode IV). Compared with intact granite specimen, the disc specimen containing two holes fails with lower strength, which is closely related to the bridge angle. The failure strength of pre-holed specimen first decreases and then increases with the bridge angle. Finally, a preliminary interpretation was proposed to explain the strength evolution law of granite specimen containing two holes based on the microscopic observation of fracture plane.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1992

Disc specimen with the center crack and edge crack simulated by two-dimensional static method is used to analyze the stress field around the crack tip in terms of the stress intensity factor, K. A simple and convenient method of testing to realize the mifed mode stress intensity factor of the cracked body is used, The conclusions obtatined in this photoelastlc analysis are as follows ; 1. According to this experiment, cracked disc specimen can be used to demonstrate the mixed mode stress intensity factor analysis by simply changing the crack angle from the loading line. 2. Despite the simplicity and continuous data reading, the photoelastic method shows the slightly lower strain reading comparing to the FEM analysis method. 3. In this photoelastic analysis, $K_{I}$ of center cracked disc specimen under a pair of compressive load shows negative value as the crack angle increases over 30$^{\circ}$.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1538-1545
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• 2005

Theoretical and experimental result studies of the unconfined penetration test (UP) method are conducted to suggest a new test method by improving the UP method for determination of the tensile strength of compacted fine-grained soils. From the theoretical aspect, the tensile strength of the specimen is estimated from the maximum load by the theory of perfect plasticity with assumptions, sufficient local deformability and modified Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Experimentally, some factors including relative size of specimen-disc, disc diameter, and loading rate are needed more study, because these factors significantly affect the results of tensile strength. Improvement of the alignement between two discs and specimen in the UP test is also necessary to eliminate the error due to eccentrically loading.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2006

A specimen of Aetobatus flagellum was collected at Uljin in June 2005 for the first time in Korea. This specimen is characterized by the cephalic fin, the long snout, the dorsal fin between pelvic fins, spiracles on the dorsal side of the disc, the deeply notched nasal curtain and the one row of the teeth in the lower and the upper jaws. And unlike Aetobatus narinari, it does not have any spots on the its dorsal side of the disc. We report this specimen as the first record from Korea and name it 'Bak-jui-ga-o-ri' in Korean.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.916-922
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• 2023

An abnormal shape of Bathyraja brachyurops was first reported from the catch of a bottom trawl in the southwest Atlantic Ocean in June 2022. Both pectoral fins of the specimen did not fuse with the head, resulting in a horn-like structure separated from the sides of the eyes. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences showed that our specimen was perfectly matched to Bathyraja brachyurops registered with the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Our specimen possessed the following morphological features: a pair of flexible but elongated and pointed horns on the head; rough dorsal disc, densely covered with numerous small denticles on the head, anterior margin of pectoral fins and median line of the disc; a thorn between the first and second dorsal fins; and a pair of large ocelli at the base of pectoral fins. Unlike the normal B. brachyurops, our specimen had a slender clasper and no nuchal thorns, which may be related to the morphological abnormality. The horn-like structure on the head may be owing to the lack of fusion between the pectoral fins and head during early embryonic development.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권5호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2018

This research presents the effect of anisotropy of the hollow disc mode under Brazilian test using PFC3D. The Brazilian tensile strength test was performed on the hollow disc specimens containing the bedding layers and then these specimens were numerically modeled by using the two dimensional discrete element code (PFC3D) to calibrate this computer code for the simulation of the cracks propagation and cracks coalescence in the anisotropic bedded rocks. The thickness of each layer within the specimens varied as 5 mm, 10 mm and 20 mm and the layers angles were changed as $0^{\circ}$, $25^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. The diameter of internal hole was taken as 15 mm and the loading rate during the testing process kept as 0.016 mm/s. It has been shown that for layers angles below $25^{\circ}$ the tensile cracks produce in between the layers and extend toward the model boundary till interact and break the specimen. The failure process of the specimen may enhance as the layer angle increases so that the Brazilian tensile strength reaches to its minimum value when the bedding layers is between $50^{\circ}$ and $75^{\circ}$ but its value reaches to maximum at a layer angle of $90^{\circ}$. The number of tensile cracks decreases as the layers thickness increases and with increasing the layers angle, less layer mobilize in the failure process.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.315-327
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• 1999

최근들어 발파, 수압파쇄, 암반사면 등의 암반공학적 문제에 있어서 암석파괴역학이 널리 적용되고 있다. 그러나 암석 고유의 특성으로서 파괴역학에서 가장 중요한 변수인 암석의 파괴인성 측정에 관한 방법은 아직 확립되지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 파괴인성 측정법과 비교하여 많은 장점을 가지고 있는 CCNBD, SCB, CNSCB 및 BDT등과 같은 디스크 형태의 시험편을 사용하여 Mode I 파괴인성을 측정하였다. 또한 CCNBD 시험편에 STCA법을 적용하여 혼합모드 및 Mode II 파괴인성을 측정하였다. 각시험에서 시험편의 두께, 지름 및 노치길이 등과 같은 치수효과가 파괴인성에 끼치는 영향을 조사하였다. 혼합모드 시험결과로부터 여러 회귀곡선을 적용하여 파괴포락선을 구하였고 시험결과를 혼합모드에서의 세 가지 파괴기준식과 비교하였다. 각 파괴인성 시험 시에 균열전파가 시작되는 하중수준을 정확히 파악하고 균열의 변형거동을 조사하기 위해 미소파괴음 측정을 병행하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.457-466
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• 2003

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of flow, specimen geometry and adhesion on the measurement of linear polymerization shrinkage of light cured composite resins using linear shrinkage measuring device. Four commercially available composites - an anterior posterior hybrid composite Z100, a posterior packable composite P60 and two flowable composites, Filtek flow and Tetric flow-were studied. The linear polymerization shrinkage of composites was determined using 'bonded disc method' and 'non-bond-ed' free shrinkage method at varying C-factor in the range of 1∼8 by changing specimen geometry. These measured linear shrinkage values were compared with free volumetric shrinkage values. The viscosity and flow of composites were determined and compared by measuring the dropping speed of metal rod under constant load. In non-bonded method, the linear shrinkage approximated one third of true volumetric shrink-age by isotropic contraction. However, in bonded disc method, as the bonded surface increased the linear shrinkage increased up to volumetric shrinkage value by anisotropic contraction. The linear shrinkage value increased with increasing C-factor and approximated true volumetric shrinkage and reached plateau at about C-factor 5∼6. The more flow the composite was, reduced linear shrinkage was measured by compensation radial flow.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2009

LCM 시험은 TBM에서의 디스크 커터 설계와 굴진성능 예측을 위한 가장 신뢰성 있는 시험 중의 하나이다. 그러나 이는 실대형 암석시료의 채취, 운반 및 거치에 많은 비용이 소요되는 단점을 가지고 있으며, 절리가 포함된 시료에 대한 시험이 용이하지 않아 시험에서 예측된 모델을 설계에 활용하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 따라서 LCM 시험이 갖는 이러한 경제적 시간적 제약점들을 극복할 수 있는 현실성 있는 수치모델링이 고려된다면, 현장에서의 복잡한 검토과정 없이 현장에 직접 적용할 수 있는 적합한 형태의 TBM 절삭모델을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 UDEC을 이용하여 단일절리를 포함한 암석시료에 대한 디스크 커터의 절삭 메커니즘 분석을 위해 디스크 커터의 가압지점의 위치와 절리의 방향성에 따른 균열전파양상을 분석하였으며, 이를 통하여 절리의 방향에 따른 적절한 디스크 커터의 가압지점 위치 및 디스크 커터의 적정 간격을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2002

decrease in efficiency due to cavity fluid fluctuation. The purpose of this study is to examine erosion aspect on the SS400 specimen by cavitation and the effect of impact pressure generated from the demolition of the cavity of ultrasonic vibrator horn in the marine sludge oil environment. The erosion damage of specimen was investigated mainly on weight loss, weight loss rate and maximum erosion rate with variation of the vibration amplitude of $50{\mu}m, 24{\mu}m$ as well as the change of space between transducer horn and specimen. The experimental results showed that as the space between ultrasonic vibrator horn and specimen disk increased, the weight loss and weight loss rate decreased and the values were larger in SFO than in SLO. These findings would help interpret the aspect of cavitation erosion damage in metallic materials of different operating environment and material characteristics.