• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.E1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

This paper presents an overview of the UK Hydrocarbon Monitoring Network and summarises some of the lessons learnt from running and automated VOC monitoring network in th UK. The paper will describe the operation of the network and the Quality Control and Quality Assurance (QA/QC) procedures used to ensure that the data qality objectives are met. The provision of accurate measurements of ambient air pollutant concentrations is a valuable and high-profile service of Governments, assisting policy decisions and allowing members of the public to be well-informed. The need for such measurements has been increased in the UK by the National Air Quality Strategy and European Air Quality Directives, with the National Networks playing a central role in delivering the information. The Hydrocarbon Network provides measurements directly in support of monitoring requirements for benzene and 1,3-butadiene, and of 23 other hydrocarbon species important for their role in ozone and secondary particulate formation.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

ID security policy is generally formulated from the input of many members of an organization, including security officials, line managers, and ID resource specialists. However, policy is ultimately approved and issued by the organization's senior management. In environments where employees feel inundated with policies, directives, guidelines and procedures, an ID security policy should be introduced in a manner that ensures that management's unqualified support is clear. This paper will discuss Next Generation Cyber Certificate security policy in terms of the different types program-level and issue-specific, components, and Design and Implementation of Security Algorithm Simulation based on 4GL, PowerBuilder7.0.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2014

This article discusses the state of a community forestry program in a protection forest in Indonesia, which has been running for almost two decades. We found that the program did not achieve its objective mainly because of frequent changes in regulations. There are also activities such as: measuring and mapping working area boundaries, drawing up a work plan, planting, maintenance and security, paying royalties to those who harvest forest resources, and submitting annual reports on land use to the district government head, which have not worked as expected. We also found that the major incentives for local people to participate in the program are getting certificates of management and the program's effectiveness in minimizing land-use conflicts. Participants perceived that their major role on the program is to follow farmer-group directives or government rules. To achieve the program's purposes, farmer groups need technical assistance related to protection-forest management and opportunities for financing.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.748-756
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• 2006

Accurate and timely information on status and trends in the environment is necessary to shape sound water quality management policy and to implement water quality improvement programs efficiently. One of the most effective ways to communicate information on water quality trends to policy-makers, scientists, and the general public is with comprehensive water quality indices. The derivation and structure of a water quality index (WQI) for the classification of surface water quality is discussed. The WQI generally developed through the selection, transformation and weighting of determinants with rating curves based on legal standards and quality directives or guidelines. The representative pollutants should be included in the index, and the relationship between the quantity of these pollutants in the water and the resulting quality of the water should be based on scientific results. The WQI be simply and meaningfully formulated that nonscientifically trained users can easily become familiar with the framework of the system and use the output data to evaluate their own pollution problems.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

Purpose: In 2018, the Act on Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment for Patients in Hospice and Palliative Care or at the End of Life was implemented and the scope of official recognition for terminally ill patients was expanded. The purpose of this study was to investigate the decisions made by patients with end-stage liver disease about their life-sustaining treatment in a clinical setting. Methods: The subjects of this study were patients with end-stage liver disease hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea who wrote physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLST). Data collection was done using patients' electronic medical records, and a retrospective analysis of POLST was conducted. Results: Among 101 patients, 18.8% were female and 81.2% were male, and their mean age was 61.8 (±10.61) years. Sixty-three patients (62.4%) wrote their POLST by themselves. Three patients withdrew the POLST, of whom two did so for liver transplantation, and one did so for chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study shows that sufficient consideration of liver transplantation is needed for end-stage liver disease patients before making decisions on life-sustaining treatment. The self-determination of patients must be respected and effective guidelines are urgently needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.12 s.214
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between patterns of children's requestive strategies, mother's child rearing attitude, and verbal control style. Subjects consisted of 60 5-year-old children and their mothers at preschool in Seoul. The children's requesting behavior were observed during self-selected activities in preschool. A sample of mothers of children completed the questionnaire. The result showed that the children in this study were likely to use more frequent directives of requestive strategies. Boys tended to use more indirect requestive strategies, especially demand with requestive tag. Mothers were likely to use position-oriented verbal control. Warmth and self-control of parenting and person-oriented verbal control were positively related to indirect requestive strategy of children. Rejective and controlling parenting were negatively associated with indirect requestive strategy. Position-oriented verbal control was positively related to direct requestive strategy of children.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.118-121
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• 2008

Bimodal tram is a transit with no-step floor for wheel-chaired persons, with docking to the station precisely and moving on schedule like train. Because of the automatic traveling of bimodal tram to search and follow the magnet embedded in roadway, bimodal tram should be careful about rainfall, snow and wind like a car driving on roadway in respect to natural disasters. Though response procedures in emergency are different according to the passengers' boarding, emergency mobilization is needed if any emergency situation happens. Emergency mobilization is the act of preparing for major catastrophic events, which may affect public transportation systems or their service areas, by assembling and organizing resources, including people, equipment, facilities, communications systems, expert technical support, and public information systems and protocols. Mobilization is the process that ensures that the right people will deploy appropriate resources at the correct time. Effective mobilization requires a partnership of local and state agencies. Public transportation operators and systems play vital roles in response to and recovery from emergencies and other unexpected catastrophic events. These systems, and their capabilities to mobilize resources, are profoundly affected by the decisions and directives of others during these activities. In this study, we focused on the emergency management for bimodal tram and reviewed the considerations about infrastructures under natural disasters, especially heavy rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.26-41
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• 2007

There are three things that are not known to the human being. That is when, where and how one will die. Most people live ignoring death. However, elements of death linger everywhere. The purpose of this treatise is investigates about justification Deciding for Other directions. First, I will investigate about Deciding for Other directions, when patient can not decide own, I will do investigate agent's decision's problem. Second, These four principles provide the common ground for biomedical ethics. Principlism argue that a method using four principles can resolve controversies in bioethics. The method holds that there are four principles-respect for autonomy, nonamleficence, beneficence, justice- that articulate the necessary conditions of common morality for health care and bioethics. Beauchamp and Childress respond by arguing that the two problems are nc the meaning or interpretation but the process of specification. Third, So, Supplement four principles' problem to Levinas concept of the Other theory. Levinas concept of the Other is very resemblant with 'Love your neighbour as yourself." Christians believe that Love is above all and they act accordingly. They base this faith mainly upon the motto of "love your neighbour as yourself." Fourth. difficult part of Levinas concept of the Other is that there is no human to equal infinite sense of responsibility. Can be supplemented about this through cooperation of community. Four principles can be brought to bear on moral choices. And they asserts that each principles has weigh but they do not assign a priority weighting of ranking. All the principles are equal in moral decision making.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.24
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• pp.45-71
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• 2008

These days the international environmental regulations of the developed countries, especially from the EU, are rapidly changed to the regulations of product-based environment from a conventional end-of-pipe environmental technology. Especially the motive in this paper come from the EU's electrical and electronic equipment environment regulation. It may affect much to whole export of Korea Firms Integrated product policy has the potential to increase not only competitive power in today's global market, but also trade compatibility between countries. Furthermore it is important to make a contribution to sustainable development. CEOs must change their notions about firms' environmental policy from the end-of-pipe approach to the sustainable approach to improve company's competitive power. As emphasized a paradigm of naw environmental management by EU' environmental directives, the company must establish clean production system to save resources and reduces pollutant. Also Korean Company constructs a systematical network to collect EU' environmental regulation information which are changing rapidly. Large company will cooperate with small and medium-sized firm for their win-win strategy in the field of environmental management. Also it is necessary to make the domestic regulations of product-based environment to meet the international environmental regulations.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.309-325
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• 2000

Organizations rely on Secure ID resources today to handle vast amounts of information. Because the data can vary widely in type and in degree of sensitivity, employees need to be able to exercise flexibility in handling and protecting it. It would not be practical or cost-effective to require that all data be handled in the same manner or be subject to the same protection requirements. Without some degree of standardization, however inconsistencies can develop at introduce risks. Policy formulation is an important step toward standardization of security activities for ID resources. ID security policy is generally formulated from the input of many members of an organization, including security officials, line managers, and ID resource specialists. However, policy is ultimately approved and issued by the organization's senior management. In environments where employees feel inundated with policies, directives, guidelines and procedures, an ID security policy should be introduced in a manner that ensures that management's unqualified support is clear. The organization's policy is management's vehicle for emphasizing the commitment to ID security and making clear the expectations for employee involvement and accountability. This paper will discuss ID security Policy in terms of the different types (program-level and issue-specific), components, and Implementation of Expert System Simulation based on 4GL, PowerBuilder.