• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

Purpose : Since PBL was first developed by Howard Barrows at McMaster, it has been adopted as one of the best teaching and learning methods in medical schools throughout the world. However, the educational superiority of PBL relative to traditional approaches is less clear. Given the somewhat extensive resources required for the operation of PBL curriculum, this gives reason for concern. The aim of this study is to review experiences of PBL in other medical schools and learn how to implement PBL in our school. Methods : This study was undertaken in two stages. In the first stage, PBL curricular examples in 7 medical schools (University of Pennsylvania, University of Melbourne, University of Maastricht, McMaster University, Flinders University, Harvard medical school. University of California at L.A.) were collected and summarized. In the second stage, a careful search for articles of journals published since 2000 regarding PBL group assessment, effectiveness of PBL and group facilitation skills was conducted. Results : PBL is generally introduced in a core curriculum in undergraduate medical education. Relating to small group assessment, the perception of students has been well developed. but the current PBL assessment tool needs to be revised, to develop thinking skills of students. The PBL graduates considered themselves as having much better interpersonal skills, better competencies in problem solving and self-directed learning than the non-PBL graduates. Tutors used various techniques to raise awareness, facilitate the group process and direct learning. Conclusions : The following three aspects can be regarded as important in this study. First, to implement PBL in our school more effectively, it might be considered, which curriculum content can be best learned with PBL. Second, to enhance students' thinking skills during PBL, a new assessment tool needs to be developed. Third, tutors' competencies are important to facilitate, group process, so it would be worthwhile including in staff development.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.305-315
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• 1997

The propose of this study was to analyze the relationships among the levels of training & development evaluation (reaction, learning, transfer). The study has been conducted on 730 trainees who attended in the basic accounting program in L training and development institution through three incidents of tracked research such as reaction survey right after the conclusion of training, learning evaluation through test, and an evaluation of the transferability after 3 months of training. Questionnaires and test papers for analyses were used after their reliability, validity, difficulty, and discrimination have been verified on a pre-test. The research has been conducted for six months from 4 March 1996 to the end of August 1996, and data have been collected through direct research and survey through mail. The collected data have been worked on at SAS program for Windows with a statistical significance level of 5%. Statistical method that had been used was Pearson's correlation coefficient. The result and conclusion acquired from this study were as follows: Between reaction and learning, learning and transfer of training, only a weak positive correlation exists and explanation or prediction variance showing hierarchical relationship was quite weak with 1%. Thus, this research not only does not strongly support Kirkpatrick(1976)'s hierarchical model of $reaction{\rightarrow}learning{\rightarrow}transfer$, but also indicates that the separate measurement on each levels of training evaluation needs to be done. On the other hand, there was a relatively strong positive correlation between reaction and transfer of training. Based on the result, the conclusion, and the restriction perceived through this study, the following suggestions were made. 1. There is a need to empirically analyze and verify the hierarchy of all levels of training evaluation including the evaluation of the fourth level (result) such as organizational productivity, organizational satisfaction, and separation rate. 2. A great deal of efforts will be needed to systematically analyze what the relationships are among the methods measuring the level of evaluation of the training and development, and to apply this result to the training field.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.173-190
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• 2019

The self-efficacy of pre-service teachers has been reported as a major factor in the instruction of the curriculum. In particular, considering the importance of science learning instruction for underrepresented students from the viewpoint of science education for all, pre-service elementary teachers' self-efficacy about science instruction for underrepresented students will be an important factor of science education for these students. The purpose of this study is to investigate the self-efficacy of pre-service elementary teachers in science instruction for underrepresented students. To this end, the science teaching and learning self-efficacy test tool (Lee & Im, 2010) was revised in accordance with the context of science teaching for underrepresented students into a total of 24 items using 5 Likert scales. Through using the test tool consists of 3 dimensions as Learning Efficacy, Teaching Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy, 81 pre-service elementary teachers were surveyed and the reliability of test tool was verified through factor analysis and assessing construct validity by using the responses. As a result of the analysis, setting 5 as the standard perfect score, the average score of self-efficacy per dimension was shown as 3.29 in Learning Efficacy, 2.89 in Teaching Efficacy, and 3.39 in Outcome Expectancy. We confirmed the tendency and difference of self-efficacy of the research objects according to their background factors in which direct and indirect experience relating to the science education for the underrepresented students. Also, we verified that pre-service elementary teachers' interest in science subject matter, teaching science and their perception of the value of science learning had significant relations with self-efficacy on science teaching for underrepresented students.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.349-357
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• 2020

In this paper, I propose a presentation examples of the development of teaching materials using Arduino. For this purpose, a six-step low-cost microcontroller teaching-learning development model was used, the steps being topic selection, exploration of implementation methods, experimentation, production of teaching and learning materials, implementing lesson plans, and improvement. After analyzing the composition of the source code and circuits introduced in the existing Arduino book, this content was reconstructed to fit the programming education context. A simple method of constructing a circuit using materials such as Arduino and a piezo buzzer is proposed to save time on circuit composition. Using this circuit, examples of use in teaching-learning activities for various programming content elements are presented. The core concept of this study is that it provides a direct experience of the content of C language programming exercises that can only be found on existing screens.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.259-267
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• 2021

Machine translators first appeared in the 1950s and made a leap in translation accuracy by applying the neural translation system in the 2010s. However, it is still having difficulty in translating complex sentences, which made it inconvenient to use machine translators as an English learning tool. Therefore, this study analyzed the usability of a machine translator as an English learning tool through a backtranslation experiment of as phrases. As analysis tools, Google Translator, Naver Papago, and Microsoft Translator, were used since they are representative machine translators using a neural translation system. As a result of the study, findings are: The usability was significantly different according to each as usage when using a machine translator. Accordingly, as usages in sentences were classified into high, ordinary, and low usability. Unlike previous studies, this study has a research contribution in analyzing the machine translator as a direct learning tool and quantifying the usability of the conjunction as.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.73-82
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• 2022

Early detection continues to be the mainstay of breast cancer control as well as the improvement of its treatment. Even so, the absence of cancer symptoms at the onset has early detection quite challenging. Therefore, various researchers continue to focus on cancer as a topic of health to try and make improvements from the perspectives of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. This research's chief goal is development of a system with deep learning for classification of the breast cancer as non-malignant and malignant using mammogram images. The following two distinct approaches: the first one with the utilization of patches of the Region of Interest (ROI), and the second one with the utilization of the overall images is used. The proposed system is composed of the following two distinct stages: the pre-processing stage and the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) building stage. Of late, the use of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms has accomplished a lot of progress in resolving these problems. Teaching-Learning Based Optimization algorithm (TIBO) meta-heuristic was originally employed for resolving problems of continuous optimization. This work has offered the proposals of novel methods for training the Residual Network (ResNet) as well as the CNN based on the TLBO and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The classification of breast cancer can be enhanced with direct application of the hybrid TLBO- GA. For this hybrid algorithm, the TLBO, i.e., a core component, will combine the following three distinct operators of the GA: coding, crossover, and mutation. In the TLBO, there is a representation of the optimization solutions as students. On the other hand, the hybrid TLBO-GA will have further division of the students as follows: the top students, the ordinary students, and the poor students. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed hybrid TLBO-GA is more effective than TLBO and GA.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.205-213
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• 2022

This study is to analyze the relationship among potential variables of self-development, social development, learning readiness, and academic ability using data from the Panel Study on Korean Children, which was surveyed in 2014, and to find factors affecting the academic ability of preschool children will be. The subjects of this study were 6-year-old children of 1113 households among 2150 households in the 7th Panel Study on Korean Children(2014) data, excluding non-responders and system-missing 1037 households. As a result of analyzing the path effect of the research model, it was found that, between self-development and academic skills, self-development had a direct effect on academic skills and also had a significant indirect effect through social development and learning readiness as a medium. In addition, it was found that learning readiness had the greatest influence among self-development, social development, and learning readiness on academic skills. As a result, the academic skills of preschool-age children should be treated with great importance in order to develop them into talents with creativity and problem-solving ability.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of blended learning on abilities to use smart-phone and applications among students with intellectual disabilities. To do this, 30 students with intellectual disabilities who were enrolled in special school and special classroom in Jellanam-do and Gwanju metropolitan city were selected for this study, and were placed experimental and control groups of 15 students. The experimental group was provided with blended learning in which direct instruction, anchored instruction, experience activities, and community-based instruction were combined, and the control group was provided with traditional teacher-centered lecture style intervention. Pre-, post-, and maintenance evaluations were conducted two weeks after intervention. The collected data was analyzed the repeated two-way ANOVA. In the result of study, the experimental group improved on abilities to use smart-phone and applications than control group. Blended learning is a teaching method that can be a usefully used when educating how to use smart-phone and applications to students with intellectual disabilities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.561-568
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• 2023

Various defects occur in concrete structures due to internal and external environments. If there is a defect, it is important to efficiently identify and maintain it because there is a problem with the structural safety of concrete. However, recent deep learning research has focused on cracks in concrete, and studies on exfoliation and contamination are lacking. In this study, focusing on exfoliation and contamination, which are difficult to label, four models were developed and their performance evaluated through unlabelling method, filtering method, the convergence of transfer learning based k-means clustering. As a result of the analysis, the convergence model classified the defects in the most detail and could increase the efficiency compared to direct labeling. It is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to the development of deep learning models for various types of defects that are difficult to label in the future.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.353-361
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• 2024

Simulation education is a method that allows learners to learn repeatedly in realistic simulated situations. It solves the limitations of clinical practice that lacks direct nursing performance and is useful for acquiring and developing the knowledge, nursing skills, communication skills, learning self-efficacy, and clinical reasoning required for nursing students. The purpose of this study was identify the effects of High fidelity simulation-based education on communication ability, learning self-efficacy and clinical reasoning of nursing students. The subjects were 84 nursing students who were enrolled in the senior who had received simulation training using dysphagia patient care scenario. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. As a result, There was a statistically significant difference in the communication ability, learning self-efficacy, clinical reasoning. And the mean score of simulation effectiveness is 2.64 points (a perfect score of three). Therefore, In order to improve the communication ability, learning self-efficacy and clinical reasoning of nursing students, it is necessary to develop and apply realistic scenarios that reflect various clinical situations.