• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.448-459
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• 2022

Generally, steel is the most commonly used in the industry because of good strength, processability and cost-effectiveness. Steel can be surface-treated such as coating or used as an alloy by adding elements such as Cr, Ni, Zr, and Al to increase corrosion resistance. However, even if steel is used in same environment corrosion resistance is sharply lowered when it is exposed to a high temperature for a fixed or extended period of time due to an overload or other factors. In particular, the use of hot-dip aluminized plated steel, which is used in high-temperature atmospheres, is increasing due to the surface Al₂O₃ oxide film. This steel necessitates an urgent solution as issues of corrosion resistance limitations often appear. It is an important issue that not only cause analysis but also the research for the surface treatment method that can be solved. Thus, in this study, Cr in which it is expected to be effective in corrosion resistance and heat resistance attempted to deposit on hot dip aluminized plated steel with PVD sputtering. And it was possible to present the surface treatment application of various types of industrial equipment exposed to high temperature and basic design guidelines for use by confirming the corrosion resistance of hot dip Al-Si plated steel with Cr film deposited at high temperature.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Silver stabilizing layer of coated conductor has been prepared by dip coating method using organic silver complexes containing 10 wt% silver as a starting material. Coated silver complex layer was dried in situ with hot air and converted to crystalline silver by post heat treatment in flowing oxygen atmosphere. A dense continuous silver layer with good surface coverage and proper thickness of 230 nm is obtained by multiple dip coatings and heat treatments. The film heat treated at $500^{\circ}C$ showed good mechanical adhesion and crystallographic property. The interface resistivity between superconducting YBCO layer and silver layer prepared by dip coating was measured as $0.67\;{\times}\;10^{-13}\;{\Omega}m^2$. Additional protecting copper layer with the thickness of $20\;{\mu}m$ was successfully deposited by electroplating. The critical current measured with the specimen prepared by dip coating and sputtering on same quality YBCO layer showed similar value of ~140 A and proved its ability to replace sputtering method for industrial production of coated conductor.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.386-398
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• 2020

This study compared dip-coating and in situ polymerization methods for the development of nanofiber-based E-textile using polypyrrole. Nanofiber webs were fabricated by electrospinning an aqueous poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution. Subsequently, the PVA nanofiber web underwent thermal treatment to improve water resistance. Dip-coating and in situ polymerization methods were used to deposit polypyrrole on the surfaces of the nanofiber web. An FE-SEM analysis was also conducted to examine specimen surface characteristics along with EDS and FT-IR that analyzed the chemical bonding between polypyrrole and specimens. The line resistance and sheet resistance of the treated specimens were measured. Finally, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was measured with textile sensors made of the polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs. The polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs fabricated by dip-coating dissolved in the dip-coating solution and indicated damage to the nanofibers. However, in the case of in situ polymerization, polypyrrole nanoparticles were deposited on the surface and inter-web structure of the PVA nanofiber web. The resistance measurements indicated that polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs fabricated by in situ polymerization with an average sheet resistance of 5.3 k(Ω/□). Polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs fabricated by dip-coating showed an average sheet resistance of 57.3 k(Ω/□). Polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofibers fabricated by in situ polymerization showed a lower line and sheet resistance; in addition, they detected the electrical activity of the heart during ECG measurements. The electrodes made from polypyrrole-deposited PVA nanofiber webs by in situ polymerization showed the best performance for sensing ECG signals among the evaluated specimens.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.703-708
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to establish washing conditions for vegetable salad to reduce the microbial hazard by using sodium hypochlorite solution and eventually to implement HACCP for salad processing. By using the salad production line of Shinkeum Co. located in Gwacheon, Gyunggi-do, salad samples were washed under several washing conditions (chlorine dip period, chlorine concentration, rinse time, etc.) to determine the most effective conditions. The original washing line consisted of 3 baths (100 ppm chlorine water dip, water rinse, and water rinse), each with a capacity of 100 L of tap water and 5 kg of salad. First, the salad samples were washed with 100 ppm of sodium hypochlorite solution for various dip times (3, 6, 9, 12 min); however, only a 1 log- or less-reduction in total microbial counts was achieved in all groups and the time of chlorine water dip was not a significant factor in reducing the microbial hazard. When another water bath was added before the chlorine water dip (4-bath washing), a 2 log-reduction in total microbial counts was achieved. This result suggested the importance of pre-dipping salad materials in water before chlorine treatment to reduce the organic load on the surface of the vegetables. Coliforms were not detected at all after washing. As the concentration of chlorine $(50{\sim}150\;ppm)$ and rinse time $(0.5{\sim}2\;min)$ increased, greater microbial reduction was achieved; however, physical damage of the salad was observed. Finally, the optimum washing conditions for salad were determined as 3 min-water dip, 3 min-chlorine (100 ppm) dip, 2 min-rinse, and 2 min-rinse.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.10 no.2 s.21
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

This study focuses on the relationship between pollution factors around Masan, Changwon and Chinhae city considerd as main pollution sources and marine environment in Masan bay of Korea. Water quality data measured In Jinhae bay and environmental investigation data in Masan, Changwon and Jinhae cities from 1981 to 1998 were used for this study. Annual means and standard deviations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations from 1981 to 1998 showed that both their concentration and fluctuations were higher in the inner part of Masan bay (region A) than near Somodo (region B). Sediment dredging in Masan bay had been done from 1990 to 1994. After dredging, COD concentration has been decreasing In surface layer. Also water pollution was gradually spreaded from the inner part to the outer part of the bay due to the continuous inflow of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. In the late of 1990s, the pollution was heavier. DIN and DIP concentrations were found to be increased by establishment of industry complex and decreased by sewage treatment plant near the city adjacent to Jinhae bay, 1993. The correlation between COD, DIN and DIP changes and neighbor cities' pollution sources were calculated From 1981 to 1998, correlation coefficient (r) was over 0.8 except for the bottom of region A From 1981 to 1998, r between the DIP concentration and population was over 0.65 except for the surface of region A, and the r between the DIP and the number of factories was over 0.6 too, in region B.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.318-321
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• 2009

Purpose: The bony mallet finger injury is generally managed by conservative treatments, but operative treatments are needed especially when the fractures involve above 30% of articular surface or distal phalanx is accompanied by subluxation in the volar side. This is the reason they often result in chronic instability, articular subluxation and unsatisfactory cosmetic. In this report, We describe new method using the hook plate as an operative treatment of Mallet finger deformity. Methods: Among 13 patients with Mallet finger deformity who came from February 2006 to February 2008, six patient were included in surgical indication. Under local anesthesia, H or Y type incision was made at the DIP joint area. After the DIP joint extension, the hook plate was put on the fracture line, and one self tapping screw was used for fixation. 2 hole plate which was one of the holes in 1.5 mm diameter was cut in almost half and bended through approximately $100^{\circ}$. Results: In all six cases which applied the hook plate, complications such as loss of reduction or nail deformity were not seen. In only one patient, hook pate was removed due to inflammatory reaction after surgery. At 2 weeks after operation, active motion of DIP joint was performed. The result was satisfactory not only cosmetically but also functionally. At 6 weeks after operation, the range of motion of DIP joint was average $64^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The purpose of the operative treatment for mallet finger deformity using the hook plate is to provide anatomical reduction with rigid fixation and to prevent contracture at the DIP joint. While other operations take 6 weeks, the operation using the hook plate begins an active motion at 2 weeks after operation. Complication rate was low and the method is rather simple. Thus, the operation using the hook plate is recommended as a good alternative method of the mallet finger deformity treatment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1045-1050
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• 2008

Developing of high technology, productivity of the fiber product has being rapidly increased and also various kinds of advanced treatment process lead consumer's needs to more high functional, clean and healthy goods. Moreover, increasing in the concern of eco-friendly material and processing, it has been getting popular that the dyeing method like as using natural dyes is more eco-friendly and natural-friendly treatment process. The method, used in this study, adhesion by binding with micro-capsulized natural material to fabric has low change in quality by external influence and high ability in spray effect by broken capsule which comes to pressure and friction when it dressed. Also it has wide application from natural fiber to synthetic fiber. The purpose of this study is development of multi-functional synthetic material with micro-capsulized Scutellaria baicalensis on PET. Moreover, it was driven by comparison of colormetric properties and fastness between regular dip-dyeing method and binding with micro-capsulized material method. Dye ability was arranged mostly low exhaustion but the PET treated by micro-capsule was more or less better than the dip-dyeing PET. Through the SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) of PET treated by micro-capsule, it has good residence of capsules even after 5 or 10 times washing. Wash and light fastness was arranged some different grade by each condition but mostly high achievement and the micro-capsulized PET was more improved than regular dip-dyed PET.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 1990

Effects of 7.5% potassium sorbate and/or 1% ascorbic acid dip on shelf-life of physicochemical quality of chicken parts stored at $4^{\circ}C$ was investigated. There was no remarkable difference in the physicochemical changes between 1% ascorbic acid dipped chicken pairs and untreated chicken parts. 1% ascorbic acid dip retarded lipid oxidation slightly. 7.5% potassium sorbate dip reduced dip loss, inhibited the decrease of water holding capacity and retarded lipid oxidation and protein deterioration. Compared with 7.5% potassium sorbate dip alone, dual treatment of 7.5% potassium sorbate and 1% ascorbic acid showed no significant difference in the physicochemical quality such an pH, drip loss, water holding capacity, shear force value and volatile basic nitrogen cotents while lipid oxidation was retarded more effectively. Reduction in relative contents of linoleic acid in dual treated chicken was significantly retarded.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2011

The effect of dynamic flow or forced convection were investigated and compared on the formation of inhibition layer, galvanizing and galvannealing reactions through the hot-dip galvanizing simulator with the oscillation of specimen in zinc bath, continuous galvanizing pilot plant with zinc pumping system through the snout and continuous galvanizing operation with Dynamic $Galvanizing^{TR}$ system. The interfacial Al pick-up was not consistent between the results of simulator, pilot plant and line operation, but the morphology of inhibition layer became compact and refined by the forced convection. The growth of Fe-Zn intermetallics at the interface was inhibited by the forced convection, whereas the galvannealing rate would be a little promoted.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2010

For the purpose of applying a hot-dip Zn-6mass%Al-3mass%Mg alloy coated steel sheet (ZAM) to automotive body materials, a laboratory study of the general properties required for inner and outer panels of automotive bodies was performed. Even with only light coating weight, ZAM showed an excellent corrosion resistance in terms of both cosmetic and perforation corrosion compared to the currently used materials for automotive bodies, GI70 and GA45. In our study, it was confirmed that ZAM exhibits as good as or better properties than GI70 in terms of spot weldability and press formability. Furthermore, since the same corrosion resistance can be achieved with less coating weight by applying ZAM, laser weldability is better than GI and GA.