• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1993

The ability to precisely predict serum digoxin concentration using 7 published methods in a group of 50 patients was undertaken. Two methods of estimating creatinine clearance and two estimates of lean body weight were employed as input variables using the 7 dosing methods. TDX was used to determine the nadir SDCs(serum digoxin concentrations) in 50 in patients meeting predetermined study criteria. All patients, whose ages ranged 19-71 years, had steady-state digoxin levels, were in oral digoxin, and were free from liver dysfunction, thyroid dysfunction and renal failure. The correlation coefficients(r) of predicted versus observed SDCs were determined,. and mean error(ME) was determined for each method to reflect bias, respectively. No substantial differance in predictive reliabliity was evident among the methods studied in total group. Poor correlations existed between predicted and observed SDCs(r<0.4) and these correlations were not significantly affected by age and gender. But relatively higher correlation and lower ME was founded for the CHF group in Jelliffe method(r=0.5, p<0.05).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.377-384
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• 2001

The reaction of either Digitoxin or Digoxin with cyanoacetic acid hydrazide gave the hydrazone derivatives 3a and 3b respectively. The reactivity of the latter products towards chemical reagents was studied to give heterocyclic derivatives with potential biological activities.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.60-60
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• 1978

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.928-932
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• 2002

Perinatal atrial flutter is a potentially lethal arrhythmia. Management of this disorder is difficult and controversial. Fetal atrial flutter is a serious and life threatening rhythm disorder particulary when it causes hydrops; it may be associated with fetal death or neurological damage. Although the initial episode of flutter may be difficult to control, recurrence of atrial flutter after successful resolution of the arrhythmia seems highly unlikely and long-term prognosis is excellent. We experienced a case of a atrial flutter diagnosed in utero at $38^{+6}$ weeks' gestation by fetal cardiac echocardiography. He was treated with maternal digoxin, but he continued to have atrial flutter until delivery. Restoration of sinus rhythm occured with propafenone therapy in this patient after failure of initial digoxin therapy and direct current cardioversion.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.58-60
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• 2006

The venom gland of Toad contains large quantities of cardiac glycosides, and toad venom poisoning is similar to digitalis toxicity and carries a high mortality. Sometimes after ingestion of aphrodisiac pills which contain dried toad, a patient develops gastrointestinal symptoms and bradycardia, psychoneurologic symptoms. We have experienced 2 cases of toad venom intoxication, who ingested asian toads. Patients were presented to our ED with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The patients were peformed monitoring and conservative treatment and were fully recovered. Toad venom intoxication should be considered in patients with clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal irritation, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperkalemia, and detectable serum digoxin level without current medication of digoxin.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.352-356
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• 1998

Addition of cyclodextrin in the biotransformation of digitoxin into digoxin by Digitalis lanata cell suspension cultures enhanced the conversion yield. Presence of cyclodextrin also supported good stability of the intermediate product, digoxin, for long time. Among several kinds of cyclodextrins, ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin provided the best results. It was found that the optimum form of cyclodextrin utilization was the external addition of iclusion complexes between digitoxin and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin at 1: 2 molar ratio from the beginning of biotransformation. With the optimized conditions, addition of ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin enhanced the production of digoxin up to 1.55 fold. In this case, not only digitoxin consumption was increased, but also the production of by-product was reduced.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2002

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1989

24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring has been examined for the evaluation of heart rate and longest pause in 34 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation(20 patients treated with digoxin and 14 patients without treatment). Following results were obtained : 1. In 34 patients, the mean of average heart rates was $75.7{\pm}13.8$/minute, fastest heart rates $148.0{\pm}32.4$/minute, slowest heart rates $48.1{\pm}8.4$/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients $99.9{\pm}29.0$/minute and longest pauses $2.95{\pm}1.06$seconds. The longest pauses of more than 4.0 seconds occurred in 4 of the 34 patients and made an exeption of comparison groups. 2. In 27 of the 34 patients, ventricular premature contractures were developed and in 11 of 27, mainly occured less than 100/24 hours and aberrant conduction occurred in all patients. 3. In 20 patients treated with digoxin(0.25mg/day), the mean of average heart rates was $78.4{\pm}13.7$/minute, fastest heart rates $152.5{\pm}33.1$/minute, slowest heart rates $48.9{\pm}8.5$/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients $103.6{\pm}31.7$/minute and longest pauses $2.55{\pm}0.50$seconds. 4. In 10 patients without treatment, the mean of average heart rates was $78.0{\pm}10.7$/minute, fastest heart rates $154.5{\pm}26.8$/minute, slowest heart rates $50.6{\pm}7.1$/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients $103.9{\pm}22.2$/minute and longest pauses $2.66{\pm}0.39$seconds. 5. The difference of heart rates and longest pauses between patients with treatment and without treatment were statistically not significant(P>0.05). In summary, authors seemed to consider that 24-hour ambulatory ECG was useful and safe method for clinical evaluation of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.205-209
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• 2016

A 6-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was referred to Gyeongsang National University Animal Medical Center for labored breathing. According to the patient's history, the client had fed him commercial dog foods. The patient's hematological, radiographic, and echocardiographic examinations were evaluated for diagnosis. Echocardiography results showed marked dilations of ventricles and atriums and mitral regurgitation. A systolic dysfunction was detected. Plasma taurine concentration was lower than the reference range. Based on these results, the patient was diagnosed with feline dilated cardiomyopathy associated with taurine deficiency. Treatment included feline commercial foods, taurine, digoxin, furosemide, and clopidogrel. Digoxin was changed to pimobendan when normal blood pressure was achieved. Clinical signs improved gradually and no abnormalities were detected on echocardiograms at 10 weeks following onset of treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.672-677
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• 1992

This is a clinical review of the results from electric cardioversion and pharmacological therapy used in our hospital for reverting cardiac arrythmia in patients with mitral valve surgery between Jan. 1990 and Jun. 1991. Of 62 evaluated patients, 16 patients had regular sinus rhythm and the other 46 had arrhythmias [42; atrial fibrillation 1; atrial flutter 1; premature ventricular contraction] preoperatively. In 2 of patients with sinus rhythm, atrial fibrillation newly developed after surgery and was converted into sinus rhythm soon by intravenous administration of digoxin. Remaining 14 patient resumed sinus rhythm spontaneously. In patients with preoperative arrythmia, 3 patients reverted into sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation by electric cardioversion at operative field, 1 patient by lidocain and mexiletine, 4 patients by combined use of digoxin and verapamil, 4 patients by 2 times of oral quinidine and 9 patient by long term use of oral amiodarone. Throughout this consecutive trials of anti-arrhythmic drugs and electric cardioversion, Conversion into normal sinus rhythm occurred in 48% of patients with arrhythmia developed after mitral valve surgery.