• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate accuracy and reliability of program to measure facial soft tissue thickness using 3D computed tomographic images by comparing with direct measurement. Materials and Methods : One cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT with 3 mm slice thickness and 3 mm/sec table speed. The acquired data was reconstructed with 1.5 mm reconstruction interval and the images were transferred to a personal computer. The facial soft tissue thickness were measured using a program developed newly in 3D image. For direct measurement, the cadaver was cut with a bone cutter and then a ruler was placed above the cut side. The procedure was followed by taking pictures of the facial soft tissues with a high-resolution digital camera. Then the measurements were done in the photographic images and repeated for ten times. A repeated measure analysis of variance was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements resulting from the two different methods. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant differences between the direct measurements and those using the 3D images (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the measurements on 17 points but all the points except 2 points showed a mean difference of 0.5 mm or less. Conclusion : The developed software program to measure the facial soft tissue thickness using 3D images was so accurate that it allows to measure facial soft tissues thickness more easily in forensic science and anthropology.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the image between DSA and MDCT Angiography and to examine whether MDCT Angiography could be useful as a screening test for the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysm in patients who were diagnosed with cerebral aneurysm on DSA. Of patients who were diagnosed with cerebral aneurysm DSA at University Hospital, 194 patients who concomitantly underwent MDCT Angiography were enrolled in the current retrospective study. The methods for analyzing cerebral aneurysm were to analyze the presence of cerebral aneurysm on DSA and MDCT Angiography. In cases in which it exceeded 1, the corresponding cases were classified as narrow-neck aneurysms. In otherwise cases, they were classified as wide-neck aneurysms. Thus, a comparative analysis could be performed to ascertain if cases were narrow-neck or wide-neck aneurysms. As compared with DSA, the sensitivity of MDCT Angiography for cerebral aneurysm was measured to be 97.4%. The degree of consistency between narrow-neck and wide-neck aneurysms was 90.2% and the proportion of undetectable an at MDCT Angiography was 2.54%. mean size was 2.4 mm. It is expected that a non-invasive diagnostic modality for a screening test for cerebral aneurysm, MDCT Angiography might be a very useful regimen as compared with an invasive one, DSA.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2000

The method of photoelasticity allows one to obtain principal stress differences and principal stress directions in a photoelastic model. In the classical approach, the photoelastic parameters are measured manually point by point. The previous methods require much time and skill in the identification and measurement of photoelastic data. Fringe phase shifting method has been recently developed and widely used to measure and analyze fringe data in photo-mechanics. This paper presents the test results of photoelastic fringe phase shifting technique for the stress analysis of a circular disk under compression and an edge-cracked plate subjected to tensile load. The technique used here requires four phase stepped photoelastic images obtained from a circular polariscope by rotating the analyzer at $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $135^{\circ}$. Experimental results are compared with those or FEM. Good agreement between the results can be observed. However, some error may be included if the technique is used to general direction which is not parallel to isoclinic fringe.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2014

Recently studies on application development and utilization using sensors and devices embedded in smartphones have flourished at home and abroad. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy of the images of smartphone to determine three-dimension position of close objects prior to the development of photogrammetric system applying smartphone and evaluate the feasibility to use. First of all, camera calibration was conducted on autofocus and infinite focus. Regarding camera calibration distortion model with balance system and unbalance system was used for the decision of lens distortion coefficient, the results of calibration on 16 types of projects showed that all cases were in RMS error by less than 1 mm from bundle adjustment. Also in terms of autofocus and infinite focus on S and S2 model, the pattern of distorted curve was almost the same, so it could be judged that change in distortion pattern according to focus mode is very little. The result comparison according to autofocus and infinite focus and the result comparison according to a software used for multi-image processing showed that all cases were in standard deviation less than ${\pm}3$ mm. It is judged that there is little result difference between focus mode and determination of three-dimension position by distortion model. Lastly the checkpoint performance by total station was fixed as most probable value and the checkpoint performance determined by each project was fixed as observed value to calculate statistics on residual of individual methods. The result showed that all projects had relatively large errors in the direction of Y, the direction of object distance compared to the direction of X and Z. Like above, in terms of accuracy for determination of three-dimension position for a close object, the feasibility to use smartphone camera would be enough.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1164-1172
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• 2012

This study aims to make a "farmland use map" using high-resolution images and to analyze the land use change for about 8 years in Goyang, Namyangju, and Yongin cities. We have made a new numerical map named as a farmland use map using high-resolution images taken mostly in 2007 and digital topographical maps in Goyang, Namyangju, and Yongin cities near metropolitan areas to classify farmland use of paddy, upland, plastic film house, and orchard. We also made a land use map by overlaying the farmland use map and the land registration map of each city made in 2007, and compared the land use map made by RDA (Rural Development Administration) in 1999. Paddy areas decreased at a range of 3,000 to 5,000 ha during 8 years and were changed to residential areas in the cities. Upland and orchard areas also showed similar tendency and were changed to residential areas as well. On the other hand, the areas of the plastic film houses in the cities showed an increase or same in size. It is suggested that farmland use map can be broadly used as a base map for various survey projects including soil survey, statistics, and farmland information management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.294-300
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• 2010

With the development of media technology, UCC actively working through the medium of the Net, the Internet space, which can influence politics instead of TV is drawing attention as the new leading media. As the one-sided media influence of TV is dwindling in the times of the Internet, the hegemony of the media is rapidly changing into UCC marked by two-way interaction. Especially, UCC has the characteristic that it has changed the people performing a role as the receptor of the media into the agent of enormous political influence as well as the freshness specific to its contents. This study was intended to investigate the types of diverse political influences of UCC in political practice as well as daily politics with a focus on the fact that it can newly project the world led by the media and their changes and exercise strong power in changing the society. Therefore, it attempted to investigate the political influence and ripple effect that UCC can exert by attempting to analyze what political influence UCC can exercise at diverse political situations including election. As a result, UCC led to four situations such as incentive-exploding type, issue-leading type, dispersion-switching type, direction-obeying type. This can be said to lead to the positive effect at the political field, such as implementing direct democracy through digital technology.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2014

Recently, as new paradigm for government operation called government 3.0, government is actively operating policy opening and sharing public data. In addition, the Ministry of Land are operating an open platform integrated map service (the VWorld) which provides a variety of video contents such as the country's national spatial information, traffic information and three-dimensional building for the public. According to W3C Foundation's Open Data Status Report(2013), our country has the evaluated results that the part of the government's policy support and planning is good while the part of the data management is vulnerable. So our country needs the quality improvement for the data management. In addition, a digital aerial photograph image data is required to be up-to-date for the three-dimensional spatial object data. In this paper, we present the method for enhancement of the accuracy of vertical position and for maintainment of up-to-date vertical position. Our methods evaluate the data quality and analyze the cause of error of measurement utilizing the national standard quality assessment method. The result of research shows that the accuracy of vertical position is improved if the height of the building captain is adjusted by the quality assessment values and a three-dimensional model has up-to-date data if reconstruction and extension information of construction register is utilized.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify that the expressions of angiogenin, transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-${\beta}$), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease(APEX) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) were associated with the tumorigenesis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). Materials and Methods: Fifty-one samples of OSCC and fifteen normal oral mucosae were obtained to analyze the expression levels of above five factors. mRNA expressions were quantified by the quantitative competitive PCR(QC-PCR) method. After 2% agarose gel electrophoresis stained with ethidium bromide, the concentration of mRNA was calculated by a digital image analysis system. The expression levels of angiogenin, TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$ were compared by unpaired Student's t-tests between cancer and normal tissues. We analyzed statistically to find the cut-off values that would be useful as diagnostic markers, and the linear regression analysis between every two factors of these five factors by SAS system. Results: All of these five factors (angiogenin: P<0.0037, TGF-${\beta}$: P<0.0001, VEGF: P<0.0102, APEX: P<0.0023, TNF-${\alpha}$: P<0.0074) were significantly correlated with OSCC. In the analysis to find the cut-off values for the diagnosis, we could not find any value that had a reasonable sensitivity and specificity. In the linear regression analysis, there were correlations between angiogenin and TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF, TGF-${\beta}$ and APEX, TGF-${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, VEGF and APEX, VEGF and TNF-${\alpha}$, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusion: Our results suggest that not only angiogenin, TGF-${\beta}$, VEGF, APEX and TNF-${\alpha}$ are significantly associated with the tumorigenesis, but also the close relationship between these factors might enhance the tumorigenesis of OSCC. We can not find clinical availability for diagnosis.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Short implants are used in parts which have anatomical structures like maxillary sinus, inferior alveolar nerve and limited alveolar height due to severe alveolar bone resorption. In these case, there are no need of additional bone augmentation so there are advantages like reduced entire treatment time, reduced patient's discomfort and protection of important anatomical structures. The aim of this study is, in implants whose length is less than 10mm, to analyze the impact of implant length, diameter, location of implant placement, presence of bone graft, presence of prosthesis splinting on survival rates and marginal bone resorption. The samples used in this study were 227 implants, less than 10mm, placed in 137 patients in Wonkwang university dental hospital implant center. From dental charts the information about implant length, diameter, location of implant placement, presence of bone graft, presence of prosthesis splinting were obtained. Emago advanced v5.6(Oral diagnostic systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)program was used to measure the amount of marginal bone resorption. Out of total 227 implants, resulting in 96.5 % of survival rate. There was a tendency toward higher failure rates for the maxilla and bone graft site. No significant difference in marginal bone resorption was found associated with length of implants(p>0.05) and neither with the diameter of implants. Among the risk factors examined, more failure rates of short implants can be attributed to poor bone quality in the maxilla and presence of bone graft. At implants under 10mm, length, diameter, location of implant placement, bone graft and splinting of prosthesis didn't affect marginal bone loss.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.26
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• pp.31-56
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• 2012

This is a scientific study of subjectivity on recognition types and preferences of animation audience. Therefore, Q-methodology was used as a methodology of this study. As a result, it was possible to find the various characteristics according to the preferences of audience on animation genres. The features of each type were classified into 3 types. First was an artistic and literary value-oriented type that explored storytelling and descriptive value. Second was a pictorial and aesthetic value-oriented type that explored visual beauty such as characters and Mise en scene. Third was a visual and entertainment value-oriented type that explored entertainment factors and attractions. Thus, according to the classification of preference types, it was inferred that digital image generation audience with an active preference that can create and consume images have developed a tendency that independently consumed their preferences based on thoroughly personal or subjective preferences rather than classified and accepted their preferred culture as their symbolic expressions of hierarchical position. In this aspect, Q-methodological consideration that is useful to analyze the subjectivity of audience could be a significant work. Nevertheless, this study alone could not reveal various generative contexts of specific preferences. It seems to have more significant results by applying various qualitative or quantitative methodologies together with this study and analyzing recognition types and preferences of audience.