• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 1998

The heavy metal concentrations of seawater collected from the Onsan coastal zone in February and July 1996 and mussels(Mytilus edulis) in February 1997 were analysed. The concentrations of cadmium in seawater were in the range of 0.008-2.988 ${\mu}g/L$, while the ranges of copper and zinc concentrations were 0.08-2.55, and 0.21-35.12 ${\mu}g/L$, respectively. The metal concentrations decreased gradually with increasing distances from Daejeong stream, indicating that this stream was the major source of heavy metal input into the Onsan coastal zone. The concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc in mussels were in the ranges of 1.40-25.09, 8.5-64.5, and 46.8-291.2 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively. The metal concentrations decreased gradually with increasing distances from Daejeong stream. Among organs of mussels, gill showed the highest concentrations of cadmium and the digestive gland showed the highest concentrations of copper and for zine the kidney showed the highest concentrations. The digestive gland and kidney revealed high proportion of cadmium in cytosolic fraction and the percentage of copper was high in the kidney and that of zine was high in the digestive gland. Metal-binding protein of mussels collected from the mouth of Daejeong stream was separated, using gel-filtration chromatography. In the kidney and gill of mussels, most of cadmium was associated with metal-binding protein. In contrast, most of the metal in the digestive gland and remaining tissues is bound to high molecular weight protein rather than metal-binding protein.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Concentration and distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni among subcellular fractions (cellular membrane structures and cytosol) and Zn, Cu, Cd among cytoplasmic proteins in the kidney and digestive gland of mussel Modiolus modiolus living along a polymetallic concentration gradient were studied. It was found in the kidney of M. modiolus from contaminated sites that the Fe percent increased in the "membrane" fraction, whereas Zn, Pb, Ni and Mn percent increased in the cytosol compared to the kidney of the control mussel. Note kidney cytosol of M. modiolus from clean and contaminated sites sequestered major parts of Cu and Cd. In the digestive gland of M. modiolus from contaminated sites Fe, Zn, Cd, Mn, Ni percent increased in the "membrane" fraction, whereas Cu, Pb percent increased in the cytosol compared to digestive gland of control mussel. Gel-filtration chromatography shows kidney of M. modiolus contains increased metallothionein-like protein levels irrespective of ambient dissolved metal concentrations. It was shown that the metal detoxification system in the kidney and digestive gland of M. modiolus was efficient under extremely high ambient metal levels. However, under complex environmental contamination in the kidney of M. modiolus, the metal detoxification capacity of metallothionein-like proteins was damaged.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.82-96
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• 1997

In order to investigate the effect of Daewhajungeum on the isolated organs, gastrointestinal tract and C.N.S., some kinds of experiments using mice and rats were done. The results were as follows; 1. Daewhajungeum showed the inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle contraction of the isolated ileum and colon induced by acethylchorine chloride and barium chloride in mice. 2. Daewhajungeum showed inhibitory effect on the contraction of the fundus-strip induced by acethylchorine chloride and barium chloride in rats. 3. The preventive effect on pyloric ulcer, indomethacin induced ulcer and ethanol-HCl induced ulcer of mice was recognized. 4. The effect on the acidity of gastric juice was suppressed, but the effect on the pepsin output was not recognized. 5. The transport ability of small and large intestine was significantly decressed. 6. The analgesic effect and the sedative effect were recognized so that the effect of the C.N.S was suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to standardize in ovo injection of amino acids (AA) and to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of limiting AA(s) on pre and post hatch growth performance, immune response and development of digestive organs. Combinations of essential and non-essential amino acids (Lys+Arg, Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser, Ile+Leu+Val and Gly+Pro) were injected into 50 eggs in each treatment group at 14 d of embryonic age. Standardization of injection site, needle length and embryonic age revealed that when AA were injected in to the broad end of the egg with a 11 mm needle and at the narrow end with a 24 mm needle both at the 7$^{th}$ and 14$^{th}$ d of incubation there was poor hatchability. However, better hatchability was recorded when the AA were injected in the narrow end of the egg with a 11 mm needle and in the broad end with a 24 mm needle on the 14$^{th}$ d of incubation. The chick to egg weight ratio was higher (p<0.018) when AA were injected on the 14$^{th}$ d of incubation. When a combination of amino acids were injected a 63.6 or 63.2 g difference in body weight of bird at 21 d was recorded between uninjected control and Ile+Leu+Val or Gly+Pro group, respectively. Higher feed intake (p<0.047) was recorded in the AA injected groups and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was numerically better in Gly+Pro, Lys+Met+Cys AA injected groups than in the uninjected control. Significantly higher immune response to cell mediated (p<0.033) and humoral (p<0.002) immunity was observed in in ovo amino acid injected birds, especially in Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser or Ile+leu+Val groups. The digestive organ weights at 21 d did not differ between specific AA injected groups and the uninjected control. In ovo injected amino acids may act as immunomodulators and their role in gastrointestinal development needs further research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2619-2623
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• 2012

The prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes differs in various target organs. HPV16 is the most prevalent genotype in the cervix while genotypes 6 and 11 are highly prevalent in skin and aero-digestive tract infections. In this study HPV11 positive specimens were selected from cervix, larynx and lung biopsy tissue to analyze the whole genome by PCR and direct sequencing. Five HPV11 whole genomes were characterized, consisting of two cervical specimens, two laryngeal specimens and one lung specimen. The results showed high homology of HPV11 in these organs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all HPV11 derived from various organs belonged to the same lineage. Molecular characterization and functional studies can further our understanding of virulence, expression or transmission. Additional studies on functional protein expression at different organ sites will also contribute to our knowledge of HPV infection in various organs.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2021

본 연구는 White Leghorn에서 부화 후 일령(0-d, 3-d, 7-d, 14-d 및 21-d)에 따른 소화기관의 발달과 기능 및 항산화 방어작용에 대한 변화를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 일령에 따른 체중은 부화 후 0, 3 및 7일령까지는 변화가 적었지만, 7일령 이후에는 유의하게(P<0.05) 증가하였다. 체중에 따른 소화 장기의 상대적 무게(g/100 g BW)에서, 간의 상대적 무게는 0일령에서 현저히 낮았지만 3~7일령에 현저히 증가한 후(P<0.05) 21일령까지 유의차 없이 점차 감소하였다. 상대적 췌장 무게 역시 간 무게의 변화와 유사한 경향을 보이며, 7일령에서 최대 발달을 보였지만(P<0.05) 그 이후에는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 상대적 소장 무게와 길이의 변화는 부화 후 급격히 증가하여 7일령에서 최대 성장을 보이고(P<0.05) 점차 감소하여 21일령 이후에는 현저히 낮아졌다. 소장 점막세포의 무게는 부화 후 현저히 증가하여(P<0.05) 14일령에 최대 발달률을 보였으나 21일령에는 감소하였다(P<0.05). 이당류 분해효소의 특이적 활성도는 0일령에 가장 낮았으나, 3일령에서 유의적으로 높은 최대 활성도 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). Sucrase 활성도는 14일령 이후 유의하게 감소하였으나(P<0.05), maltase는 지속적으로 높은 활성도를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. Leucine aminopeptiase 특이적 활성도는 0일령부터 높게 나타나 일령에 상관없이 일정하게 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. SOD와 GST 특이적 활성도는 0일령에서 가장 낮았으나, 7일령 이후 유의적으로 높은 활성도를 보였다(P<0.05). GPX 활성도는 0, 7일령과 비교 시 14일령 이후 활성도가 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 지질 과산화(MDA) 함량은 모든 일령에서 매우 낮게 나타나 일령에 따른 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아, White Leghorn 병아리는 부화 후 3~7일령에서 소화 장기 발달과 소화 효소 활성도가 급격히 증가하며, 7일령 이후 체 성장과 간 조직의 대사 작용이 활발해지면서 항산화 효소의 활성도가 함께 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2024

본 연구는 한국 재래계에서 부화 후 일령(0-d, 3-d, 7-d, 14-d, 21-d 및 28-d)에 따른 소화 장기발달, 소장미세융모의 소화 효소 및 간 조직의 항산화 효소변화를 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 병아리 일령에 따른 체중과 증체량은 부화 후 0~3일령까지는 유의적 차이가 없었지만, 3일령 이후 28일령까지 체중은 8.6배, 증체량은 281.2 g 증가하였다(P<0.05). 근위, 소장 및 간의 무게는 0~28일령까지 현저하게 증가하고, 선위 및 췌장 무게는 21일령까지 증가하였다(P<0.05). 체중에 따른 상대적 장기무게에서 선위, 근위 및 간은 3~7일령에서 최대로 증가하였고(P<0.05), 소장, 점막세포 및 췌장의 상대적 무게는 3~21일령에서 최대 발달률을 보였다. 소장 점막세포 maltase와 sucrase 특이적 활성도는 모두 0~3일령에서도 높게 유지되며, 14일령에서 최대활성도를 보였다(P<0.05). Leucine aminopeptidase(LAP) 특이적 활성도는 0일령부터 28일령까지 유의적 차이 없이 일정하게 유지되었다. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) 특이적 활성도는 0일령에서 가장 높은 수준을 보였고(P<0.05), 그 이후 28일령까지 일정 수준의 활성도를 유지하였다. 간 조직에서 항산화 효소의 특이적 활성도는 superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) 및 glutathione S-transferase(GST)의 특이적 활성도는 모두 0일령에서 가장 낮았으나 일령이 증가할수록 지속적으로 증가하며 28일령에서 가장 높은 수준을 보였다(P<0.05). Catalase 활성도는 0일령부터 28일령까지 모두 비슷한 수준을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 지질 과산화도(MDA) 함량은 모든 일령에서 낮았지만 21일령에서 일시적으로 증가 후(P<0.05), 28일령에서 다시 감소하였다. 이상의 결과 한국 재래계는 부화 후 3~14일령에서 소화 장기 발달과 소화 효소 활성도가 급격히 증가하며, 간 조직의 항산화 효소는 부화 후 지속적으로 발현되며 28일령에 가장 높은 활성도를 보였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 1977

This study was made with 1394 clinical records obtained by a mobile charity health team in a rural Korea for 10 days from July 23 to Aug. 1, 1977 to see the disease pattern of the rural population in Korea. The health team consisted of 7 physicians in different clinical departments of the St. Mary's Hospital tried to cover as many as patients in that area by giving full informations and instructions before starting health services. which supposed to minimize the omissions of patients visits in that area. The proportion of each disease as well as its order in terms of the number of patients was reviewed by matching with age and sex distribution of patients, and with the duration of illness (complaints). Major findings obtained in this analysis were as follows; 1. Among 1394 patients, 536 (38.5%) was male and 858(61.5%) was female. As to the age distribution of the patients. those who are in the age group of 10-19 showed the highest proportion of 15.6% and those who are in the age group of 5-9 and 40-49 was the next with the proportion of 15.4% and 15.2% respectively. 2. The most prevalent cause of general morbidity were diseases of digestive system, diseases of nervous system and sensory organs, diseases of respiratory system, and diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue in order. And their proportions among all patients were 21.8%, 20.7%, 14.5%, and 12.4% in respectively. The order of the diseases ranked by the number of patiens was slightly different in female population from that of total population, i. e. diseases of nervous system and sensory organs was the first. diseases of digestive system was the second, and the diseases of circulatory system was the third. 3. 23.2% of all patients were found to have had symptoms relating to their illness for more or less 5 years, and 18.3%, for more or less 6 months. Looking at the duration of illness by diseases, 28.6% of digestive tract disease patients and had the relating symptoms for about 1 week while 24.3% had had the symptoms for about 5 years, and in diseases of nervous system and and sensory organs, many(33.7%) had had symptoms for relatively long period (more than one year). On the other hand, in diseases of respiratory system, those who had had the relating symptoms for about 1 month was 24.3 % among all patients in this category and those who had had the symptoms for less than 1 week was 32.2%. 4. The duration of illness (complaints) was longer in females than in males and shorter in younger age groups than in older age groups.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2013

Nesfatin-1/NUCB2, which is associated with the control of appetite and energy metabolism, was reported for the first time to be expressed in the hypothalamus. However, recent studies have shown that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed not only in the hypothalamus, but also in various tissues including digestive and reproductive organs. We also demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the reproductive organs, pituitary gland, heart, lung, and gastrointestinal tract of the adult mouse. However, little is known about nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression in fetal and neonatal mice. Therefore, we examined here the distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in various organs of fetal and neonatal mice and compared them with the distribution in adult mice. As a result of immunohistochemical staining, nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was expressed relatively higher in the lung, kidney, heart, and liver compared to other organs in the fetus. Western blot results also showed that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 protein was detected in the lung, kidney, heart, and stomach. Next, we compared the expression levels of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA in the fetus and neonate with the expression levels in both male and female adult mice. The expression levels in heart, lung, stomach, and kidney were higher compared with other organs in fetal and neonatal mice and in both male and female adult mice. Interestingly, the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA in the kidney was dramatically increased in male and female adult mice compared to fetal and neonatal mice. These results indicate that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 may regulate the development and physiological function of mouse organs. In the future, we need more study on the function of nesfatin-1/NUCB2, which is highly expressed in the heart, lung, and kidney during mouse development.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1995

Clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, is hepatocarcinogenic in rats in a dose-dependent manner. A total of 70 male and female F344 rats, 5-week-old, were divided into three groups. Rats were fed clofibrate at 0, 0.25, or 0.5% in diet for 30 days. All rats were anesthetized with $CO_2$, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for hematology and clinical chemistry, and the rats were killed by exsanguination. Livers, kidenys, pancreas, adrenal glands, spleen, heart, lungs, thyroid gland, reproductive organs, and digestive organs were removed, weighed, later processed, and embedded with paraplast for histological examination. The relative liver and kidney weights with respect to final body weight in the clofibrate-treated group were significantly increased compared with those of control group at all dose levels (p<0.01). It has been suggested that clofibrate may influence on hepatotoxicity by increases in peroxisomal proliferation.