• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.253-264
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• 2012

Nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered anorexigenic peptide which is distributed in several brain areas implicated in the feeding and metabolic regulation. Recently, it has been reported that nesfatin-1 is expressed not only in brain, but also in peripheral organs such as digestive organs, adipose tissues, heart, and reproductive organs. Nesfatin-1 is markedly expressed in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum. Eventually, the nesfatin-1 expression in the digestive organs may be regulated by nutritional status, which suggests a regulatory role of peripheral nesfatin-1 in energy homeostasis. Nesfatin-1 is also detected in the adipose tissues of humans and rodents, indicating that nesfatin-1 expression in the fat may regulate food intake independently, rather than relying on leptin. In addition, nesfatin-1 is expressed in the heart as a cardiac peptide. It suggests that nesfatin-1 may regulate cardiac function and encourage clinical potential in the presence of nutrition-dependent physio-pathologic cardiovascular diseases. Currently, only a few studies demonstrate that nesfatin-1 is expressed in the reproductive system. However, it is not clear yet what function of nesfatin-1 is in the reproductive organs. Here, we summarize the expression of nesfatin-1 and its roles in brain and peripheral organs and discuss the possible roles of nesfatin-1 expressed in reproductive organs, including testis, epididymis, ovary, and uterus. We come to the conclusion that nesfatin-1 as a local regulator in male and female reproductive organs may regulate the steroidogenesis in the testis and ovary and the physiological activity in epididymis and uterus.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.13-14
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• 1998

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1315-1319
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• 2003

A study was conducted to investigate the development of the digestive organs (rumen, reticulum, abomasums, small intestine, large intestine and rectum) and other internal organs (liver, spleen, lungs and heart) of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers fed diets of compound feed and rice straw by the age from 6 to 30 months old. In the experiment, Two hundreds of Hanwoo steers were allocated in one of two compound feed feeding treatments. The treatment groups were 1) feeding level 1 group fed 1.2 to 1.5% compound feed per kg body weight (BW) in the growing period, 1.7 to 1.8% compound feed per kg BW in the early fattening period, and compound feed ad libitum in the late fattening period and 2) feeding level 2 group fed compound feed ad libitum through the whole period. In every two months, eight steers in each group were slaughtered and the length and weight of the organs of the animals were measured. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was higher (p<0.05) in the group 2 at the age of 14 months. The abomasum weight of group 2 was higher than that of group 1 at the ages of 12 (p<0.01) and 20 months (p<0.05). The weights of the liver, lung and heart of steers in the group 2 were higher (p<0.05) than those in group 1 before 18 months old. At the ages of 8 (p<0.1), 10 (p<0.001), 12 (p<0.01), 16 (p<0.01) and 24 months (p<0.05), the abomasum of steers in the group 1 was longer than that in the group 2. The length of liver in both groups was sharply increased from 6 to 8 months old and then the increase was steady, while the length in the group 2 at the age of 12 months was significantly longer (p<0.01) than that in the group 1. The results indicate that the most organs examined showed the higher development in the feeding level 2 than in the feeding level 1 until the age before 18 months when the steers in the feeding level group 1 were given the compound feed ad libitum.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2008

To assess the source of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and clam (Ruditapes phillippinarum), phytoplankton community structures in the water column and sediment, including the composition of phytoplankton in oyster and clam digestive organs were investigated bimonthly from December 2006 to June 2007 in the Taeahn coastal waters. During the sampling period, water temperature and salinity varied from 7 to 23$^{\circ}C$ and 34 to 35 PSU, respectively. Total phytoplankton abundances at St. O in the water column were higher than those at St. J, whereas total phytoplankton abundances at St. O in the sediment were lower. In addition, total phytoplankton abundances in the water column and sediment were observed to be relatively higher in February and April 2007. Among the diatoms, Paralia sulcata was always dominant, accounting for 41$\sim$87% of total phytoplankton, except St. J for February 2007 during the sampling period. The following phytoplankton compositions observed in the digestive organs of oyster and clam appeared: diatoms such as genus Paralia, Navicula, Melosira and Coscinodiscus, Silicoflagellate Dictyocha, dinoflagellates Prorocentrum and Dinophysis. Phytoplankton compositions observed in the digestive organs of oyster and clam corresponded relatively well with the species composition appeared in the water column and sediments of each season. A significant relationship was found between individual weight of oyster or clam and their digestive organs weight, while there was not a close correlation with total phytoplankton amount. We suggest that P. sulcata always dominated as one of important the food source of oyster and clam in the marine ranching ground of Taeahn coastal waters.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

We investigated the effects of dietary pearlzyme (mudflat-bacteria origin protease) on growth performance and development of digestive organs in broilers. Two hundred forty, 4 day-old female Ross broiler chicks were divided into 2 groups (control vs. pearlzyme) which were randomly housed in 8 pens with 15 chicks/pen. They were fed one of two diets containing pearlzyme at 0 or 0.1% for 4 weeks. Dietary pearlzyme resulted in significant increase in body weight during the first week of the experiment (p<0.05). With age, weight gain and feed efficiency continued to decrease reaching significant level during the last week. Mortality was 3.3% in control but not in pearlzyme during the entire period of the experiment. Dietary pearlzyme resulted in increased weight (p<0.05) in the ceca and rectum, and increased length in the ceca (p<0.05). However, there were tendencies to increase the weight of the gizzard (p<0.071) but to decrease the length of the small intestine (p<0.068). The results of the current study show that dietary pearlzyme affects weight gain and the development of digestive organs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.298-310
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• 2021

Freshwater eel Anguilla japonica is a commercially important species in East Asia. However, given the continuously decreasing resources due to many problems as climate change, habitat destruction and overfishing, mass seed production is crucial. In particular, the eel larvae present a unique life history, spending prolonged periods in the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, finding suitable feed that lasts through the long larval stages is rather difficult. In the present study, we histologically observed the development of digestive organs for 50 days after hatching (DAH). The endogenous reserves were completely absorbed at 7 DAH, and the first exogenous feeding started thereafter. The teeth appeared at 4 DAH and dramatically changed from needle-like to broad-based types by 50 DAH. The intestine remained as straight gut until 50 DAH. The intestinal cilia appeared first at 6 DAH and their density continuously increased thereafter. Interestingly, goblet cells appeared in the intestine, but not in the esophagus, where these cells are commonly observed in other teleosts. In addition, high amounts of eosinophil substances, assumed to be zymogen granules, accumulated in the pancreas, suggesting a specific digestive strategy of this species. Overall, these observations largely update the previous reports and can be useful to improve A. japonica seed production.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.221-235
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• 2001

According to the literature study on Nae-gwan and Kongson, reviewing the oriental medical books from Hung-Ti-Nei-Ching $\ll$黃帝內經$\gg$ to recent books and other 35 kinds of literatures, the following results are obtained. 1. The location of Nae-gwan is the superior 2 cun Tae-nung point between Tendon of flexor carpiradials and Tendon of palmaris longus; the location of Kongson is the 1st Metatarsal, medial, dented and posterior 1 cun T'aebaek point. 2. The effects of Nae-gwan are relaxing mind, nutrition of heart, peaceful chest, invigorate vital energy, transmitting triple energy; the effects of Kongson are steadying spleen harmonious stomach clearing away dampness, controlling ch'ung-im, regulating blood. 3. Nae-gwan is often used for circulatory organs disease, digestive organs disease, neuropsychiatry disease; Kongson is often used for digestive organs disease, urinary organs disease, neuropsychiatry disease, therefore, these double points are used for internal disease wholly. 4. The Needle-steadying depth of Nae-gwan is 0.5-1 cun, Kongson is 0.3-2 cun; the Moxibustion dosage of Nae-gwan is 3-7 zhuang, Kongson is 3-5 zhuang. 5. Nae-gwan belongs to pericardium Merdian, Kongson belongs to Spleen Meridian, therefore, these double points are combined in yin Meridian upper and lower sides. These points can be used for treating front body part, such as heart, chest and stomach.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.148-169
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• 1990

The Present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Soo Jeom San on the function of heart and digestive organs. And thus it was analyzed the total acidity, recovery effect, and the other various enzyme activities such as ATPase, Creatine kinase, Aspartate transaminase, and Lactate dehydrogenase. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The Total acidity decreased after Soo JeomSan administration for 6 days, however the total acidity inoreased after the drug administration for 9 days, these phenomena demonstrate that Soo Jeom San acts as a dual factor. The mechanism of decreasing the total acidity was considered to the inhibition of ATPase activity used for HCI active transport from parietal cells. 2. Soo Jeom San recovered the islets of Langerhans which was disrupted by streptozotocin. The recovery mechanism was suggested that Soo Jeom San stimulates the ${\beta}-cell$ proliferation. 3. Soo Jeom San inhibited the enzyme activities such as Creatine kinase and Aspartate transaminase, however the drug activated Lactate dehydrogenase. According to the obtained results, Soo Jeom San may be used for curing gastric ulcer and myocardiac infarction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate whether the stress caused by day/night shifts on industrial workers can be affected through nutritional status. A sample of 573 female industrial workers, aged 17 through 23 years, from 4 different industries (2 in normal, 2 in 3 shift work pattern) were surveyed by questionaire examining their nutritional status, food intake, dietary habit, sleep complaint, performance of digestive organs, and degree of fatigue. Shift workers were surveyed during night work. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Sleep complaints and degree of fatigue in shift workers were higher than normal workers, whereas the performance of digestive organs were as lower than normal workers. These results showed that shift workers were more stressed than normal workers. 2. The workers who were surveyed were all poor in nutritional status. The intakes of calorie, protein, Ca, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid were lower than Korean Recommanded Dietary Allowences (RDA). Dietary habit of the shift workers was irregular. 3. There was a negative correlation between nutritional status and degrss of fatigue. The intakes of energy nutrients, ascorbic acid, and niain were significantly related to the degree of fatigue in which protein intake was found to be most influential. Among workers with the same level of protein intake, shift workers showed higher degree of fatigue. When the protein intake of shift workers was 100-125% of R.D.A., they showed the same degree of fatigue to the average normal workers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

Bacterial density distributions of gut microbes in the digestive organs of Harmonia axyridis collected from three different sources (JK, CK, and CJ) were $6.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/gut under aerobic culture condition and $8.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/gut under anaerobic culture condition. Seven colony types were observed under aerobic condition and three types of similarity were detected under anaerobic condition. In total, 116 strains, including 34 strains under aerobic condition, were isolated from the digestive organs of H. axyridis. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, aerobic gut microbes were assigned to the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus. A large number of isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus of the Firmicutes commonly found in H. axyridis from different sites. Anaerobic gut microbes were found to be similar according to colony morphological, phylogenetic analysis using ARDRA. Eighty-two anaerobic gut microbes were clustered into 17 different ARDRA types according to HaeIII. Representative anaerobic gut microbes in each ARDRA group were divided into five species of ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis; Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter kobei, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Pseudomonas koreensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that about 70% of the isolates belonged to ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, suggesting predominance of gut microbes.