• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.380-389
• /
• 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a clustering of at least three of the following medical conditions: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, and high serum triglycerides. MS is related to a wide range of diseases which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There remains an ongoing need for improved treatment strategies for MS. The most important risk factors are dietary pattern, genetics, old age, lack of exercise, disrupted biology, medication usage, and excessive alcohol consumption, but pathophysiology of MS has not been completely identified. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) refers to steamed/dried ginseng, traditionally associated with beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. KRG has been often used in traditional medicine to treat multiple metabolic conditions. This paper summarizes the effects of KRG in MS and related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on experimental research and clinical studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.2619-2623
• /
• 2014

Aim: To investigate signaling pathways for reversal of EGF-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models. Materials and Methods: HCC MDR cell strain HepG2/adriamycin (ADM) and SMMC7721/ADM models were established using a method of exposure to medium with ADM between low and high concentration with gradually increasing concentration. Drug sensitivity and reversal of multi-drug resistance by EGF were determined and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of ERK1, ERK2, ERK5 and expression of Bim were detected by Western blotting. Results: The results showed that HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells were resistant not only to ADM, but also to multiple anticancer drugs. When used alone, EGF had no anti-tumor activity in HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells in vitro, while it increased the cytotoxicity of ADM. EGF induced cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in HepG2/ADM And SMMC7721/ADM cells, while enhancing activity of p-ERKs and up-regulated expression of BimEL. Conclusions: EGF might enhance the chemosensitivity of HepG2/ADM and SMMC7721/ADM cells via up-regulating p-ERKs and BimEL protein.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.1109-1117
• /
• 2023

Tongue acupuncture is not only a body acupuncture treatment for the tongue but also a new microacupuncture treatment. Tongue acupuncture is a very promising treatment from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. According to several studies, Guan's tongue acupuncture and tri-tongue acupuncture are frequently used. Tongue acupuncture can be used for dysphagia, dysarthria, aphasia, insomnia, autism spectrum disorder, burning mouth syndrome, and cerebral palsy.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 2015

This thesis aimed to determine the effecting factors(eating pattern, working condition, stress, health care) that help maintain the health of the cosmetologists' digestive system and the diseases involved (acid reflux, indigestion, gastritis, constipation & diarrhea). The research methods included survey and statistical analysis. The survey was conducted on 242 cosmetologists from August 30 to October 30 2014. The data analysis included frequency, cross table, ${\chi}^2$-test, and regression with SPSS(V. 14). The results were as follows ; (1) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and eating pattern are related. Regular and enough meal times cause less digestive disease. Acid reflux, indigestion, gastritis, constipation and diarrhea are differently related with the type of usual eating pattern, especially, instant food is not good for digestive health. (2) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and working condition are related. Longer daily working hours and exposure time to chemical odors are more likely to be associated with digestive diseases; whereas, longer time of standing and talking with colleagues are less likely to be associated with digestive diseases. (3) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and stress are related. Headache, boredom, conflict of pay and compensation, and insomnia are not good for digestive health. (4) The cosmetologists' health of digestive system and health care are related. Periodical medical examination and usual body stretching are correlated with digestive diseases; whereas, people who do regular exercise and bowel movement are less likely to have digestive diseases.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.54-74
• /
• 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent trend of diseases in Korean pediatrics and adolescent patients treated with oriental medicine. Methods Using data from the Korean statistical information service and healthcare bigdata hub, top 500 diseases pediatrics and adolescents that were treated with oriental medicine from 2012 to 2016 in admission and outpatient department was collected. Results From the inpatient study, majority of the subjects were between 15 to 19 years old (62.74%), followed by 10 to 14 years old, 5 to 9 years old and under 5 years old. In the outpatient department study, majority was 15 to 19 years old (36.51%), followed by 10 to 14 years old, under 5 years old, 5 to 9 years old. In systemic division of admission part, the most common disease was musculoskeletal related which was 72.32%, followed by brain, nerve, respiratory, dermatology and digestive related diseases. In systemic division of outpatient department, respiratory disease was the most common (41.81%), followed by digestive, dermatology, brain and nerve diseases. For under 5 years old patient group, respiratory disease was the most common, 29.86%, followed by dermatology, musculoskeletal, digestive related diseases. For 5 to 19 years old group of patients, musculoskeletal disease was most common. For the 5 to 14 years old patient group, respiratory related disease was the most common followed by dermatology and digestive diseases. For 15 to 19 years old patient group, digestive disease was the most common followed by respiratory and dermatology related diseases. For under 5 to 9 years old outpatient group, respiratory disease was the most common, and for under 5-year-old group, digestive, growth development, and dermatology disease were common. For the 5 to 9 years old group of patients, musculoskeletal related disease was the most common followed by digestive and dermatology related diseases. For the 10 to 19 years old patient group, musculoskeletal was the most common. For the 10 to 14 years old patient group, respiratory related disease was the most common followed by digestive, dermatology disease. For the 15 to 19 years old patient group, digestive related disease was the most common followed by respiratory, dermatology diseases. Musculoskeletal disease increased every year, in both inpatient and outpatient. Respiratory, brain, nerve, digestive related diseases were generally decreased. In outpatient, respiratory diseases were increased every year but brain, nerve, digestive related diseases were generally decreased. Conclusions More studies about the oriental medicine in chronic disease, such as allergy, metabolic syndrome, in Korean pediatrics and adolescents are needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.1173-1183
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated the clinical characteristics of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients with food retention (FR) in regard to the parameters of cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG), Ryodoraku, and heart rate variability (HRV). Methods: This study reviewed the clinical records of 33 FD patients with FR who filled out the FR Questionnaire for FD (FRQ-FD) and underwent EGG for six months from March 1st, 2021. We summarized the clinical characteristics of FD patients with FR and analyzed the correlation between FRQ-FD score and parameters of EGG, Ryodoraku, and HRV. Results: FRQ-FD scores had a positive correlation with percentage of postprandial bradygastria and negative correlation with power ratio, detected on Channel 2, 3 of EGG. The total average (TA) Ryodoraku score was lower, and the high frequency density (HF) of HRV was higher than the normal value. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that clinicians can use EGG, Ryodoraku, and HRV to increase the accuracy of diagnosing FR in FD patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.635-644
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study analyzed laboratory serum data results before and after patients took herbal medicine to confirm the clinical safety of herbal medicine. In addition, in the event of liver damage, the case was analyzed to confirm the characteristics of liver damage and the possibility of liver damage caused by herbal medicine. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the effects of herbal medicine on liver function in patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia was conducted. The electronic medical records of 128 patients in a single hospital were reviewed. Results: The statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in liver function-related laboratory serum data after taking herbal medicine (p<0.05). In addition, among 128 patients, there were two cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) (1.56%). Conclusion: Taking herbal medicine prescribed by experts does not significantly affect liver function in patients with functional dyspepsia. Rather, the liver levels of the subjects showed a significant decrease after taking herbal medicine. To support these results, further large-scale multicenter prospective studies are necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6433-6438
• /
• 2013

In hepatocellular cancer (HCC), lack of response to chemotherapy and radiation treatment can be caused by a loss of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells. Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A is inactivated in HCC and may be stimulated by an epigenetic change involving promoter hypermethylation. Therefore, drugs releasing epigenetic repression have been proposed to reverse this process. We studied the effect of the demethylating reagent 5-aza-2'-deoxycitidine (5-Aza-CdR) on MAT1A gene expression, DNA methylation and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) production in the HCC cell line Huh7. We found that MAT1A mRNA and protein expression were activated in Huh7 cells with the treatment of 5-Aza-CdR; the status of promoter hypermethylation was reversed. At the same time, MAT2A mRNA and protein expression was significantly reduced in Huh7 cells treated with 5-Aza-CdR, while SAMe production was significantly induced. However, 5-Aza-CdR showed no effects on MAT2A methylation. Furthermore, 5-Aza-CdR inhibited the growth of Huh7 cells and induced apoptosis and through down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3. Our observations suggest that 5-Aza-CdR exerts its anti-tumor effects in Huh7 cells through an epigenetic change involving increased expression of the methionine adenosyltransferase 1A gene and induction of S-adenosylmethionine production.

• Clinical Endoscopy
• /
• 제51권6호
• /
• pp.541-546
• /
• 2018

Recent advances in cholangiopancreatoscopy technology permit image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for pancreatobiliary diseases. There are limitations in endoscopy performance and in the study of the clinical role of IEE in bile duct or pancreatic duct diseases. However, currently available IEEs during cholangiopancreatoscopy including traditional dye-aided chromoendoscopy, autofluorescence imaging, narrow-band imaging, and i-Scan have been evaluated and reported previously. Although the clinical role of IEE in pancreatobiliary diseases should be verified in future studies, IEE is a useful promising tool in the evaluation of bile duct or pancreatic duct mucosal lesions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.316-324
• /
• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).