• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2007

This report describes the wood anatomy and 1% safranine solution penetration depth in radial and longitudinal directions of Anthocephalus chinensis belonging to the family Rubiaceae native to Bangladesh. The wood of this species was mostly characterized by diffuse porous, vessel with simple perforation plate, vestured alternate intervessel pittings, relatively medium vessel elements and fiber, and nonseptate fiber with distinctly bordered pits at radial wall. The body ray cell was procumbent with 2 to over 4 rows of upright and square marginal cells. Sometimes, the rays with procumbent, square and upright cells were mixed. Latewood fiber was thin to thick walled while it was very thin walled in earlywood. Axial parenchyma was diffuse, vasicentric, 5-8 cells per parenchyma strand dominantly present. Liquid penetration depth was observed in radial and longitudinal directions at moisture level of 7.42%. Longitudinal penetration was found 6.3 times higher than radial penetration. The initial penetration rate of safranine solution was high, but gradually decreased during the course of time. Different anatomical features were found to be responsible for the variation of safranine solution penetration depth compared to Gmelina arborea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1978

This report observed for anatomical structure and identified species of small wood debris collected at Chungi-Hyankyo, Yunbuk-Chung, Jeju-Hyankyo, Teachung-Hyangkyo and Kwanduk-Chung in Jeju province constructed in a central period of Yi-dynasty, and now named as local cultral assets. 1. Sample of Chungi-Hyangkyo is gymnosperm with window-like pit, axial and radial cannal & dentate ray tracheid. This sample with identified with Pinus densiflora or Pinus thunbergii. 2. Samples of Yunbuk-Chung and Jeju-Hyangkyo are diffuse porous wood having small vessels with scalariform perforation plates scattered almost equally in annual ring, possess heterogenus ray parenchyma & banded apotracheal parenchyma. This sample is identified with Distylium racemosum. 3. Sample of Teachung-Hyangkyo is ring porous wood composed of big vessels of pore zone and compound vessels outside pore zone. It also has simple perforation plates, tylosis, homogenlls uniseriate ray parenchyma & diffuse parenchyma This sample is identified with Castanopsis cuspidata. 4. Sample of kwanduk-Chung is ring porous wood composed of big vessels of pore zone and compound vessels outside pore zone. It has simple perforation plates, heterogenus ray parenchyma, crystal, vasicentric parenchyma. This sample is identified with Zelkova serrata.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Malvales plants, including four families, five genera and ten species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate relationship among genera or families in the order. Wood of Elaeocarpus is diffuse porous and shows angular vessels in radial multiples of 2-14 cells and a few apotracheal or paratracheal parenchyma. Tiliaceous genera have diffuse porous wood, vessels in solitary distribution and apotracheal parenchyma of sinuous scalariform uniseriate band. In the family, Tilia shows angular vessel. noded and tile-like cell in ray and storied tissue but Grewia has circular vessel. Hibiscus shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and biseriate band of apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma. Firmiana shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and confluent parenchyma. Many starch grains appear in ray and axial parenchyma. Judging from arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element and angle of end wall to vessel axis, and arrangement and shape of axial parenchyma, the lines of specialization in these genera are from primitive Elaeocarpaceae through less primitive Tiliaceae and less advanced Malvaceae to advanced Sterculiaceae.iaceae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

This research was carried out to examine the FIR (far-infrared rays) emissivity and emission power of five Korean wood species for proving wood as an amenity material. Wood turned out excellent as FIR material with 90~91% emissivity in the range of $5{\sim}20{\mu}m$ at $40^{\circ}C$. No difference was identified in the FIR emissivity and emission power between hardwood and softwood, diffuse porous wood and ring porous wood, and high-density wood and low-density wood respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1998

An image analysis program with the function of measuring various quantitative characteristics in the transverse surface of wood was developed using Delphi 2.0. Data on pore characteristics (conditions for image processing, proportion of pores in relationship to other elements, tangential diameter, area, tangential and radial diameter, x and y coordinates of pore center, and geometric coefficients) were saved in text file format. In addition, the pore area histogram in the tangential and radial directions was saved as a BMP (bitmap) type file. Analyses indicated that quantitative characteristics such as the relative radial distribution of pores in a growth ring, pore tangential area histogram, and proportion of pore in lumen area appear to be useful in separating four diffuse-porous woods and four ring-porous woods on the species level.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the wood properties for development the proper uses of lesser-known tree species. The tested species are Tamiang(Hydnocarpus woodii) Bangelem (Strombosia zeylanica) and Kamasulan(Anisophyllea ferruginea) grown in Indonesia. fundamental wood properties such as anatomical, physical and chemical properties and characteristics related to wood processing were examined. The results are summarized as follows : These species are diffuse porous, interlocked grained and coarse textured wood. Exceptionally, texture of Tamiang is fine. The heartwoods of these species are not distinguished clearly to the sapwoods. These species have high specific gravity, high shrinkage, and excellent strength properties. However, Tamiang has moderate specific gravity. Sawing characteristics are poor for these species except Tamiang. Sawing characteristics is moderate for Tamiang. Drying characteristics are moderate for Tamiang and Bangelem, and Poor for Kamasulan. The surfacing characteristics by planer are moderate f3r all these species. Bending property and durability are poor. Ash content is low in Bangelem.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the wood properties for development the proper uses of lesser-known tree species. The tested species are Kebambang(Pentace sp.), Bawang-bawang(Dysoxylum alliaceum Bl .), Garu buaya( Gonystylus brunescens A. Shaw)grown in Indonesia. fundamental wood properties such as anatomical, physical, mechanical and chemical properties and characteristics related to wood processing were examined. The results are summarized as follows : The woods of these species are diffuse porous, coarse textured, and interlocked grained. The heartwood of Kebambang is distinguished clearly to the sapwood, but the heartwood of other species are not distinguished clearly to the softwood. The woods of Kebambang and Bawang-bawang have the moderate weight density and the low strength properties, but Garu buaya has the high weight density and the high strength properties. The woods of these species has high shrinkage. The sawing characteristics of Kebambang are excellent but the other species are moderate. The machining characteristics by planer and drying characteristics of these species are moderate. These woods has poor characteristics in bending processing and decay durability. The wood of Bawang-bawang has high content of the extractives and lignin.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

In this paper, it has been discussed on the relation between the anatomical features of woods and the penetration of methyl methacrylate monomer system into major Korean tree species, especially the Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis. 1. There was some differences in penetration of polymers among different tree species, but generally the penetration of ring porous woods seems to be larger than that of diffuse porous woods and it was very difficult to penetrate to Larix leptolepis, especially to the that of heart wood. 2. The penetration on transeverse surface was relatively easy but radial and tangential impregnation were somewhat hard and differences between them were negligible. 3. The penetration of sapwood was larger than that of heartwood and its differences varied according to the existence of tyloses or contents in vessel. 4. Generally the polymer penetration of earlywood was larger than that of latewood in ring porous woods, but on the contrary, penetration of earlywood was small than that of latewood on diffuse porous woods. 5. Vessel diameter of wood had nearly no relation to polymers penetration. This seems to come from the reason that effective vessel diameter varies with the existence of tyloses or contents in vessel. 6. The penetration of ray tracheids was larger than that of ray parenchyma cells in softwoods, but penetration of hardwood rays seems to be small in comparison with softwood ray parenchyma cells. 7. Specific gravity and annual ring width had no relation to the penetration of polymer.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2006

Juvenile and matured wood of Populus tomentiglandulosa species of Salicaceae native grown in Korea was observed by FE-SEM and optical microscope. Species is characterized by mostly diffuse-porous, simple perforation plates, polygonal alternate non-vestured intervessel pit, medium length of vessel elements and fibres, non-septate very thin walled libriform fibres and exclusively uniseriate procumbent rays. Axial parenchyma was absent or extremely rare. Vessel and fibre length were longer in both matured and juvenile latewood than those of earlywood. Ray cell lumen diameter, ray length, number and diameter of endwall pit in ray cell, endwall pit, number and diameter of pit in lateral wall of one ray parenchyma cell, vessel ray pit number and diameter vary from juvenile early and latewood to matured wood.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 1984

Anatomical features and cell dimensions of the secondary xylem in the stem of the korean Lauraceas including 6 genera and 12 species were investigated under a light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Key to identification among genera or species was made from the anatomical features and systematic correlation investigated. The stem woods of Lauraceae exhibit the following characters: (1) quite evenly distributed pores (diffuse-porous wood) (2) perforation plates simple or occasionally scalariform in the latewood vessels (3) almostly 2-seriate and heterocellular rays (4) abundant paratracheal-vasicentric parenchyma (5) oil cells. Especially, the appearance of simple perforation plates suggest the Lauraceae to be more or less advanced. It is considered that the series of specialization in the Lauraceae from the perforation plates and the height of rays is as LinderalongrightarrowNeolitsealongrightarrow(Machilus, Litsea, Iozoste)longrightarrowCinnamomum, and Lindera sericea is the most pribitive in the Lauraceae.