• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Malvales plants, including four families, five genera and ten species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate relationship among genera or families in the order. Wood of Elaeocarpus is diffuse porous and shows angular vessels in radial multiples of 2-14 cells and a few apotracheal or paratracheal parenchyma. Tiliaceous genera have diffuse porous wood, vessels in solitary distribution and apotracheal parenchyma of sinuous scalariform uniseriate band. In the family, Tilia shows angular vessel. noded and tile-like cell in ray and storied tissue but Grewia has circular vessel. Hibiscus shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and biseriate band of apotracheal and paratracheal parenchyma. Firmiana shows ring porous wood, circular solitary vessel and confluent parenchyma. Many starch grains appear in ray and axial parenchyma. Judging from arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element and angle of end wall to vessel axis, and arrangement and shape of axial parenchyma, the lines of specialization in these genera are from primitive Elaeocarpaceae through less primitive Tiliaceae and less advanced Malvaceae to advanced Sterculiaceae.iaceae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1988

Lespedeza species have been widely used not only as plant resources for bark, leaves and honey, but also as erosion control materials. This study was carried out to investigate the structural and wood tiber characteristics in order to obtain basic information for the utilization of the wood. The wood structure was investigated for 10 selected species and the wood fiber, for the 5 selected species among Lespedeza species distributed all over the country. The following results were obtained. In the cross section, campylotropis showed ray diffuse porous wood, L. bicolor, L. cyrtobotrya, L. thunbergii var. intermedia, diffuse porous wood, and L. tomentella, L. angustifolioides. L. maritima, L. robusta, L. patentibicolor, ring porous wood. The maximum diameter of a single vessel ranged 66-123 ${\mu}$ in all species. Campylotropis showed the most number of vessels, L. angustifolioides, the least. The number of ray per mm ranged 7-22, Campylotropis showed the most number of rays, L. angustifolioides, the least. In the radial section the average length of vessel ranged 121-250 ${\mu}$ in all species. L. thunbergii var. intermedia showed the longest vessel, L. tomentella, the shortest. In tangential section the average width of the uniseriate ray ranged 9.2-14.7${\mu}$, that of the multiseriate ray, 19.2-42.1 ${\mu}$. The average height of the uniseriate ray ranged 143.0-1162.0 ${\mu}$. The width of fiber ranged 10.12-13.61 ${\mu}$, L. maximowiezii showed the narrowest tiber, L. thunbergii var. intermedia. the widest, the thickness of fiber wall ranged 2.93-3.71 ${\mu}$ in the five species. L. maximowiezii showed the most thin fiber wall, L. thunbergii var. intermedia, the thickest, L. cyrtobotrya showed the difference in the size of fiber between the shade and the sunny sites but L. maximowiezii showed no difference. There was significant difference in fiber length, fiber width and wall thickness between L. eyrtobotrya and L. maximowiezii.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1100-1103
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• 2003

One of the good ways to raise the rate of the electrochemical reaction is to broaden the effective surface area of the electrode by developing cylindrical nano-pores on the surfaces. The numerous pores of several nanometer in diameter can be used to enhance a specific faradaic reaction so that the nano-porous structure attract keen attention in terms of implication of new bio/chemical sensors, in which no chemical modification is involved. Amperometric glucose sensor is a representative example that needs the selective enhancement of glucose oxidation over the current due to physiological interferents such as ascorbic acid. The present paper reports how the ascorbic acid and glucose diffuse around the nano-porous surface by simulation study, for which 2D-FDM (Finite Difference Method) was adopted. The results of the simulation not only consist with those from electrochemical experiments but also reveal valuable potential for more advanced application of the nano-porous electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.29-37
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• 1998

An image analysis program with the function of measuring various quantitative characteristics in the transverse surface of wood was developed using Delphi 2.0. Data on pore characteristics (conditions for image processing, proportion of pores in relationship to other elements, tangential diameter, area, tangential and radial diameter, x and y coordinates of pore center, and geometric coefficients) were saved in text file format. In addition, the pore area histogram in the tangential and radial directions was saved as a BMP (bitmap) type file. Analyses indicated that quantitative characteristics such as the relative radial distribution of pores in a growth ring, pore tangential area histogram, and proportion of pore in lumen area appear to be useful in separating four diffuse-porous woods and four ring-porous woods on the species level.

• Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 1998

Wood and bark structure of Laurus, which is considered as an important spice resources was characterized by several transitional and advanced features. Annual rings are distinct: vessel elements are moderately short and narrow, both simple and sealariform perforation plates. alternate intervascular pitting; irregularly septate fiber are present; parenchyma strands are scanty paratracheal: rays are both homogeneous and heterogeneous with multiseriate: phloem rays are dilated. Comparisons with other genera of Lauraceae suggest that Laurus is transitional and advanced state in evolutionary trends in the family.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the wood properties for efficient utilization of warm temperate tree species. The tested species were Actinodaphne lancifolia Meisn. grown in Korea. Fundamental wood properties such as anatomical, physical and mechanical properties and chemical components were examined. This species was diffuse porous, straight grained and fine textured wood. The heartwoods of this species was not distinguished clearly to the sapwoods. This species had moderate specific gravity, shrinkage, and mechanical properties. And this species had high content of the extractives by organic solvent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 1998

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of relative conductivity(RC) in the twenty-one deciduous broad-leaved species. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The RC ranged from $3.18{\times}10^{-15}$ to $1.23{\times}10^{-10}m^2$ in deciduous broad-leaved species, and appeared different values in various portions of a tree and species. 2. In eight diffuse-porous species, the ranges of average RC were $3.49{\times}10^{-13}$ to $6.35{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in stems. $4.89{\times}10^{-13}$ to $2.99{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in branches, and $1.33{\times}10^{-13}$ to $9.42{\times}10^{-12}m^2$ in junction part between stem and branch. In thirteen ring-porous species, the RCs were $7.14{\times}10^{-13}$ to $4.76{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in stems, $2.93{\times}10^{-13}$ to $3.91{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in branches, and $1.14{\times}10^{-13}$ to $9.20{\times}10^{-12}m^2$ in junction part. 3. The RC and diameter of stem have no interrelation in eight diffuse-porous species. The RC of stem increased with decreasing diameter of stem in eleven ring-porous species except Fraxinus mandshurica and Maackia amurensis. 4. In five deciduous broad-leaved species, the RC of 1-year-old shoots(the leader and adjacent laterals ) ranged from $4.87{\times}10^{-13}$ to $8.41{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in the leaders, and $7.93{\times}10^{-14}$ to $2.01{\times}10^{-11}m^2$ in the adjacent laterals. The RCs were much greater in the leaders than in the adjacent laterals because of the hydraulic dominance of the leader shoot.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1998

In this paper, it has been discussed on the relation between the anatomical features of woods and the penetration of methyl methacrylate monomer system into major Korean tree species, especially the Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis. 1. There was some differences in penetration of polymers among different tree species, but generally the penetration of ring porous woods seems to be larger than that of diffuse porous woods and it was very difficult to penetrate to Larix leptolepis, especially to the that of heart wood. 2. The penetration on transeverse surface was relatively easy but radial and tangential impregnation were somewhat hard and differences between them were negligible. 3. The penetration of sapwood was larger than that of heartwood and its differences varied according to the existence of tyloses or contents in vessel. 4. Generally the polymer penetration of earlywood was larger than that of latewood in ring porous woods, but on the contrary, penetration of earlywood was small than that of latewood on diffuse porous woods. 5. Vessel diameter of wood had nearly no relation to polymers penetration. This seems to come from the reason that effective vessel diameter varies with the existence of tyloses or contents in vessel. 6. The penetration of ray tracheids was larger than that of ray parenchyma cells in softwoods, but penetration of hardwood rays seems to be small in comparison with softwood ray parenchyma cells. 7. Specific gravity and annual ring width had no relation to the penetration of polymer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1 s.129
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

This research was carried out to examine the FIR (far-infrared rays) emissivity and emission power of five Korean wood species for proving wood as an amenity material. Wood turned out excellent as FIR material with 90~91% emissivity in the range of $5{\sim}20{\mu}m$ at $40^{\circ}C$. No difference was identified in the FIR emissivity and emission power between hardwood and softwood, diffuse porous wood and ring porous wood, and high-density wood and low-density wood respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.345-355
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• 1993

Anatomical study of the secondary xylem in Araliaceous plants, induding 7 genera and 11 species grown in Korea, was carried out to elucidate the relationship among genera in the family. Wood of Hedera has difbse porous and shows ulmiform pattern of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, and alternate pitting. In addition, its ray is homogeneous type II with only procumbent ray cell. Ring porous wood of Dendropanax shows ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type II ray, which has sometimes horizontal secretory cavity. Fatsia has diffuse porous wood, which shows ulmiform of angular vessels, scalariform perforation plate (3-9 bars), scalariform pitting, spiral thickening in the lateral wall of vessel, and heterogeneous type II ray with sheath cells. Kalopanax has ring porous wood, which shows ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting, and heterogeneous type II ray. While K pictum appears tylose with septum, K pictum var. maximowczii appears tylose without septum. Echinopanax shows ring porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate, scalariform pitting, and tylose with septum. And the ray of Echinopanax is paedomorphic type I composed of only upright cells. Acanthopanax genus is composed of diffuse porous wood, ulmiform of angular vessels, simple perforation plate and alternate pitting. In this genus, A. sessiliflorus has heterogeneous type II ray, apotracheal axial parenchyma and tylose with septum. A. senticosus appears paedomorphic type I with only upright cells, and tylose with septum. A. koreanum and A. sieboldianum have heterogeneous type II ray but have not tylose. Aralia is composed of ring porous wood, ulmiform of circular vessels, simple perforation plate, alternate pitting, heterogeneous type II ray, and tylose contained both septum and reticulate. On the basis of arrangement, shape, length and diameter of vessel element, the angle of end wall to vessel axis, and ray type, the line of specialization in these genera is as follow: from Fatsia, the most primitive, to the most highly specialized Aralia, throughout Hedera, Acanthopanax, Echinopanax, Dendropanax, and Kalopanax by turns. turns.