• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.1009-1018
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• 2004

하천을 따라 분포된 비점 오염원을 하천 수질모형의 매개변수들과 동시에 추정하는 체계적인 방법을 제안하였다. 수립된 방법을 QUAL2E 모형과 함께 충주댐 하류의 남한강 구간에 적용하여 모형의 반응계수와 비점 오염 부하량에 대한 최적 추정을 수행하였다. 민감도 분석 결과로부터 선정된 반응계수들에 대한 초기 추정 결과에 따르면 하천 시스템에 대한 질량수지가 만족되기 위해서는 질소와 인의 비점 오염 부하량의 입력이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 총질소와 총인에 대한 비점 오염 부하를 포함하여 확장된 추정 문제의 해로써 비점 오염 부하량을 추정하였다. 비점 오염 부하량과 동시에 추정된 반응계수들과 비점 오염원을 고려하지 않고 추정된 반응계수의 비친 결과, 그 자체에 대한 추정을 위해서 뿐만 아니라 수질모형의 적절한 보정을 위하여 비점 오염 부하량이 최적 추정 과정에 포함될 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 하천수질 의형에 대한 최적추정 방법의 적용성을 민감도계수 행렬 구조의 관점에서 논하였다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2010

Romania aims to adopt and implement the European Union's legislation, also including that for the field of water management. Like other countries, groundwater in Romania is locally polluted from point sources, such as leaking landfills, as well as from diffuse pollution sources, include fertilizers, pesticides and leakages from sewers, in urbanized areas. Diffuse pollution can also occur indirectly, by over-exploitation of groundwater wells, resulting in salt water intrusion, as well as from mining and exploitation of mineral aggregates. Romania has quite an intensive monitoring scheme to measure groundwater quality in phreatic and confined aquifers. The purpose of the work resumed in this paper was to derive natural background levels (NBL) for groundwater in order to distinguish the natural elevated concentrations of some substances (natural phenomena) from point and diffuse pollution (anthropogenic phenomena). Based on these NBLs, threshold values (TV) for groundwater will be set according to the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive and the related Groundwater Directive. This paper describes the results of a study for the derivation of NBL and TV in a pilot Groundwater Body. Also, the process and draft results for extrapolating this work for all Romanian groundwater bodies is explained, as well as points for future consideration with respect to monitoring and management.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2006

Diffuse pollution from an urban area contributes to the significant pollution loading to a receiving water body. In this paper, rainfall runoffs from an urban basin with combined sewer systems located in the city of Daejeon were monitored to measure the rainfall runoff discharge rates and pollutant concentrations. Strong first flush effects were observed for all monitored rainfall runoffs. The first flush effects were closely related to rainfall intensity, while suspended solids were closely related to pollutant constituents. The observed averaged Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) were 536.1 mg SS/L, 467.7 mg CODcr/L, 142.7 mg BOD/L, 16.5 mg TN/L, and 13.5 mg TP/L. Storage volumes for containing the first flush to improve water quality of the receiving stream can be estimated based on suspended solid concentration. In this study, retainment of the first flush equivalent to 5mm of precipitation could reduce diffuse pollution loading induced by CSOs to a receiving water body by up to 80% of suspended solid loading.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.445-449
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• 2006

Diffuse pollution has been considering as a major source of the quality deterioration of water resources. The establishment of riparian vegetation strips or buffers along those areas of water bodies is used to reduce the threat of diffuse pollution. Remote sensing offers a means by which critical areas could be identified, so that subsequent action toward the establishment of riparian zones can be taken. On the behalf of KOMPSAT-2 satellite imagery as a high resolution spatial data, Landsat TM satellite data are used to aquire the land cover for the riparian buffers studied. This investigation aims to assess the riparian buffers established on the upper Geum river as a pollution mitigation. Through comparing the delineation of riparian buffer zones developed with the existing zones established by the government, we can find the critical distortion points of the existing riparian buffer zone.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1031-1037
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• 2006

In order to improve water quality of the Juam Lake, a constructed wetland was implemented and operated for 2 years with the effluent of sewage treatment plant and diffuse pollutant discharged from agricultural area. During the summer season, average removal efficiencies for BOD and SS were 15.8% and 39.4%, respectively. Due to the mixed effect of vegetation, soil microbes and sediments, the higher nutrient removal efficiencies were obtained: average T-N and T-P removal efficiencies were 64.2% and 71.7%, respectively. The concentration of sediment was increased initially, and maintained constant throughout monitoring period. The highest nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were observed in Phragmites japonica. The nitrogen uptake was estimated as 0.235 DW mg/g while phosphorus uptake was estimated as 2.059 DW mg/g.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify potential methodologies to reasonably estimate the effectiveness of road vacuum cleaning in terms of pollution loads reduction. In this context, this study proposes two empirical equations to estimate the amount of diffuse pollution loads removed by road vacuum cleaning. The proposed equations estimate the removed amount of pollution loads respectively taking into consideration of: a) the distance of road vacuum cleaning; and b) the amount of road-deposited sediment(RDS). All of the parameters in these equations were evaluated based on results of field monitoring and laboratory analyses, except for the RDS generation rate. The results of this study suggest that pollutant removal efficiency is 46.3% for $BOD_5$ and 56.4% for TP; discharge ratios for particulate and dissolved $BOD_5$ are 35.0% and 21.2%, respectively; discharge ratios for particulate and dissolved TP are 35.0% and 19.4%, respectively. Average concentrations of pollutants in RDS are $BOD_5$ 977.3 mg/kg and TP 317.6 mg/kg. Some results of a case study imply that both equations can be potentially useful if the adopted parameters are reasonably evaluated. In particular, the RDS generation rate should be evaluated based on monitoring data collected from various road conditions.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.448-455
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• 2016

환경부는 비점오염원 관리를 위해 시범사업으로 12개의 비점오염 저감시설을 경안천 유역에 설치하였으며, 2006년부터 모니터링이 시작되었다. 본 연구는 비점오염 저감시설의 오염부하량, 저감효율, 유지관리 활동 등의 장기간 수행된 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 각 시설의 경제성을 평가하기 위해 수행되었으며, 생애주기비용(Lifecycle cost, LCC)을 분석하였다. 비점오염 저감시설의 유지관리는 시설경관을 향상시키기 위한 심미적 관리가 중점적으로 수행된 것으로 나타났으며, 저류형 시설(Retention Pond, RP)이 년간 8,483$, 침투형 시설(Infiltration System, IS)이 8,888$로 대부분 비슷한 비용이 발생한 것으로 분석되었다. LCC는 인공습지(Constructed Wetland, CW)가 가장 높은 것($418,324)으로 나타났으며, 반면에 식생형 시설(Vegetated System, VS)이 가장 낮은 것($210,418)으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 조사된 비점오염 저감시설의 LCC와 하수처리장 등 수질처리시설의 LCC를 비교한 결과 비점오염 저감시설이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 처리용량 대비 생애주기비용이 높아질수록 TSS와 TN의 저감효율은 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 비용효율적인 비점오염 저감시설을 설계하는데 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대되며, 향후 LCC 모델의 기초자료에도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.436-440
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• 2006

Diffuse pollution has been considering as a major source of the quality deterioration of water resources. The establishment of riparian vegetation strips of buffers along those areas of water bodies is used to reduce the threat of diffuse pollution. Remote sensing offers a means by which critical areas could be identified, so that subsequent action toward the establishment of riparian zones can be taken. Even though the principal purpose of this research comes from the feasibility of the imagery of KOMPSAT-2 satellite, Landsat TM satellite data, which has 7 bands, are used to characterize the land cover for the study area on the behalf of KOMPSAT-2. This investigation focuses on the assessment of the existing riparian buffer zones for a portion of the upper Geum river watershed from the viewpoint of pollution mitigation by riparian vegetation strip establishment. Through comparing the delineation of riparian buffer zones developed with the existing zones established by the government, we can find the critical distortion points of the existing riparian buffer zone.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2005

Forestry and agricultural land uses constitute 85% of Korea and these land uses are typically mixed in many watersheds. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration is a primary factor for managing water qualities of the water resources in Korea. BOD loadings from diffuse sources, however, not well monitored yet. This study aims to assess BOD loadings from diffuse sources and their affecting factors to conserve quality of water resources. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) of BOD was calculated based on the monitoring data of forty rainfall events at four agricultural-forestry watersheds. Exceedence cumulative probability of BOD EMCs were plotted to show agricultural activities in a watershed impacts on the magnitude of EMCs. Prediction equation for each rainfall event was proposed to estimate BOD EMCs: $EMC_{BOD}(mg/L)=EXP(0.413+0.0000001157{\times}$(discharged runoff volume in $m^3$)+0.018${\times}$(ratio of agricultural land use to total watershed area).

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(2)
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• pp.982-983
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• 2005