• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2012

We present [Fe II] 1.64 ${\mu}m$ imaging observations for jets and outflows from young stellar objects over the northern part (-24'${\times}$45') of the Carina Nebula, a typical evolved massive star forming region. The observations were performed with IRIS2 of Anglo-Autralian Telescope and the seeing was -1.5". Several jets and outflows features are detected at seven different regions, and one new Herbig-Haro Object is identified. The [Fe II] features have knotty and elongated shapes, and distribute around the triangular area formed by the star clusters Tr 14, Tr 15, and Tr 16, which contain many massive stars. The [Fe II] feature shows a highest detection rate (3.2 %) for the earliest stage YSOs, and the rate decreases as the stage evolves. The low detection rate (1.5 %) of [Fe II] features from the numerous YSOs seem to be related with the severe radiation environment of the Carina Nebula. The outflow rate shows reasonable relations with the physical parameters of the corresponding YSOs-derived from the SED fitting-such as the accretion luminosity, the stellar mass, the stellar age, the disk accretion rate, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.29
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• pp.23-38
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the Minimal Art represented in the second half 20th century fashion. All the mode of dress worn this century have developed from the stimulus of a chang-ing society fired by new discoveries and a zest for the new and different. It would appear that even more dramatic changes will soon occur in our clothing styles the effects of which will be farreaching. Many of today's styles intended to dress our psyche rather than our bodies and this if fully understood by the new designers whose influ-ence will become increasingly more potent as we approach the new century. The highly developed material civilization resulted in human alienations environmental distruption, l By this fact human being of the 20th century was to overcome social com-plexity. Accordingly their search for simplicity was interested in the 60's style. Especially the formativeness of the 60s style was repre-sented in the second half 20th century fashion. In this paper it was focused that how the characteristics of the Minimal Art was expressed in the second half 20th century fashion. minimalism was a quest for basic elements repesenting the fundamental esthetic values of art. without regard to issues of content. At its most extreme it reduced art not ot an eter-nal essence but to an arid simplicity. "Primary Structure" the most suitable name suggested for this type conveys its two salient characteristics : extreme simplicity of shapes and a kinship with architecture. minimalist works are charcterized by huge dimensions coldness and absolute aesthetic neutrality. minimalist artists ambition is to de-fine through the most rudimentary materials such as plywood galvanized iron aluminum plastic and wood a new order of the space. The environment is just as important as the object itself. Similary the use of new tough materials. such as vinyl metal and plastic at late half of the 20th century fashion related to the formativeness of the Minimal Art. And the style of 20th fashion was holded the internal meanings in common the formativeness of the Minimal Aet thorough the various texture pat-tern silhouette etc.uette etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.91-101
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• 2014

String, as clothing material, has played a functional, symbolic and decorative role in garment traditionally. The string has a shape of continuous line, which is one of the basic elements for the design: points, lines and sides. It can effectively represent the silhouette by making our vision flow to a certain direction. This study reinterprets the traditional form of string in a new modern way by developing "Tube-Shaped String" which has an empty hole in the middle. As a creative attempt, the new tube-shaped string can be used for fashion design by applying it to unique shapes, colors, textures, and draping expressions. In a role dimension, this string can become the main fabric material. The methods of the study are as follows. First, it examines the traditional shape and role of string in the history of garment. Second, it studies modern designers, such as Christian Dior, Ann Demeulemeester, Dolce & Gabbana, and 3.1 Phillip Lim, who have applied the string to their design, and have explored the various potentials of the string in the past four years. Finally, based on the theoretical research and practical analysis, this study creates a new tube-shaped string, applying its own technique to fabricating three garments: jacket, dress, and body suit. As a result, each garment shows unique silhouettes, rich texture and color, and rhythmical movement. The unique silhouettes reflect the shape and movement of different bodies. The texture and color are created through the shades of the string which come from the overlapping strips. The garments come with an unbeatable aesthetic design compared to conventional uniform design. As a new material in clothing, this tube-shaped string can be developed to satisfy the public, which has widely varying tastes in fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.94-108
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• 2013

This study is about the armors that high navy officers of Joseon wore during the period of Japanese invasion of Korea(1592~1598). The kinds of armors that these officers wore during this period are Sueungap, cheolgap, pigap, jigap and myeongap. Sueungap, cheolgap, pigap are all described in literatures, which were released in that period and the early Joseon period. According to publications that were released during that period, Yuyeopgap was a type of an iron armor. Armors that are recorded in only literatures published in the early Joseon period include swaejagap, gyeongbeongap, dujeonggap, hwangdongdujeonggap and dudumigap. Myeongap is found only in publications that were made in the above war time. The styles of armors are largely classified into chalgap and dujeonggap. The chalgap-styled armors used gapchal as their main component. Dujeonggap-styled armors used fabrics and dujeong. The names and the manufacturing methods of the gapchal did not changed since its creation in the early Joseon period until the above wartime. But, their shapes were considerably changed between the two times. This is clearly shown in armors that were found in the moat of the Dongrae-eup fortress. Dujeonggap-styled armors that were used during the period of the Japan-Korea war were a successor to those of dujeonggap-styled armors of the early Joseon period. But the former armors were different from the latter in that they had no gapchal inside. They are well represented by Jeong Chung Sin's armor.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2133-2138
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• 2003

In general, flow entrainment of surrounding gas into a supersonic jet is caused by the pressure drop inside the jet and the shear actions between the jet and the surrounding gas. In the recent industrial applications, like supersonic ejector system or scramjet engine, the rapid mixing of two different gases is important in that it determines the whole performance of the flow system. However, the mixing performance of the conventional circular jet is very low because the shear actions are not enough. The supersonic jet discharging from a petal nozzle is known to enhance mixing effects with the surrounding gas because it produces strong longitudinal vortices due to the velocity differences from both the major and minor axes of petal nozzle. This study aims to enhance the mixing performance of the jet with surrounding gas by using the lobed petal nozzle. The jet flows from the petal nozzle are compared with those from the conventional circular nozzle. The petal nozzles employed are 4, 6, and 8 lobed shapes with a design Mach number of 1.7 each, and the circular nozzle has the same design Mach number. The pitot impact pressures are measured in detail to specify the jet flows. For flow visualization, the schlieren optical method is used. The experimental results reveal that the petal nozzle reduces the supersonic length of the supersonic jet, and leads to the improved mixing performance compared with the conventional circular jet.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.6 s.261
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• pp.547-557
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the flow and combustion characteristic of the experimental burner which was manufactured for the reflection of the oven and broil burner features. As slot shape, spacing between slots, and slot arrangement of the exit area which emits the mixing gas are different in case of oven burners and broil turners, the purpose of this study is to know the affection of the flame interaction and combustion characteristic according to the change of shape factors such as slot shape, slot arrangement, and slot-to-slot spacing. With no relation of the slot shape, as the spacing between slots became narrow, the occurrence of a lift-flame was delayed. So the combustion was possible in the leaner region, but the appearance of yellow-tip became a little fast. Slit slot port had the broadest operating range among the other slot shapes. Specially, from the side of lift-flame, as the jet that spreads downstream in the longitudinal slot was nearly circular just a few slot lengths away from the orifice, slot-to-slot spacing of the Slit port was closer than the other ports. These results could be expected through the computer numerical method and had a good agreement. As the spacing between slots increased, in case of Slit and Mix port, NOx emission rate was constant or decreased, but the NOx emission of Hole port was increased. CO emission rate of Slit and Hole port was increased as the slot-to-slot spacing was broadened.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.13-30
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• 2008

Visual language is 'a form of communication without text'. Visual language is one of the strongest methods to spread knowledge. Uniforms could be interpreted as a symbolic language that establishes order in this complicated modern society by placing identity and responsibility on each members of various different organizations. In light of the above, the purpose of this research paper will be to analyze police uniforms of U.S.A, Great Britain, Italy, France and Korea as a form of visual language and interpreting them in terms of visual design in order to understand the fundamental ideas behind the designs and the effective applications thereof. Upon analysis of traffic police uniforms of each individual county mentioned above by separating each uniform's distinctive design, pattern, color, material and decoration based on visual factor, three characteristics of authority, dynamic functionality and friendliness were derived from comparing and analyzing each country's distinctive uniform design. The traditional unique role of police in our society was to maintain social order as their nature inherently possesses characteristic of authority and preservation, but has since undergone transition in many countries to appeal to the broader public by incorporating friendliness and dynamic functionality. Analyzing police uniforms in terms of visual linguistic sense requires a much more profound process of understanding beyond simple interpretation of configurative shapes. In conclusion, the true purpose of uniforms is to include and portray images of mankind's desire toward expressing ideas like 'mankind's bias toward existence beyond theirselves and the exercise of force through authority' and materializing such ideas into a physical form.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2015

SMART adopts, very unique facility, an FMHA to enhance the thermal and flow mixing capability in abnormal conditions of some steam generators or reactor coolant pumps. The FMHA is important for enhancing thermal mixing of the core inlet flow during a transient and even during accidents, and thus it is essential that the thermal mixing characteristics of flow of the FMHA be understood. Investigations for the mixing characteristics of the FMHA had been performed by using experimental and CFD methods in KAERI. In this study, the temperature distribution at the core inlet region is investigated for several abnormal conditions of steam generators using the commercial code, FLUENT 12. Simulations are carried out with two kinds of FMHA shapes, different mesh resolutions, turbulence models, and steam generator conditions. The CFD results show that the temperature deviation at the core inlet reduces greatly for all turbulence models and steam generator conditions tested here, and the effect of mesh refinement on the temperature distribution at the core inlet is negligible. Even though the uniformity of FMHA outlet hole flow increases the thermal mixing, the temperature deviation at the core inlet is within an acceptable range. We numerically confirmed that the FMHA applied in SMART has an excellent mixing capability and all simulation cases tested here satisfies the design requirement for FMHA thermal mixing capability.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2008

The health of foot is connected with individual's health and affects men's activity. In order to develope comfort socks, both foot size and foot shape must be considered. The purpose of this study was to categorize men's foot shape according to age using men's foot scan data (with 2005 Size Korea). Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test were performed for statistical analysis of the data by SPSS Win 12.00 program. The results are as follows. 1. Nine factors constituting the men's foot were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 77.7% of total variance. 2. On the basis of the cluster analysis, four different foot shapes were categorized. Cluster 1 was characterized by large in toe and ankle size. Cluster 2 was characterized by short foot length, low foot height, and small foot breadth/girth. Cluster 3 was characterized by large and high in foot height. Cluster 4 was characterized by short in foot length and large in foot breadth/girth. 3. Distribution of four foot shape clusters from 20 to 70 years in age above were categorized. For the 20 to 29 years in age, cluster 2, while for the over 30 years in age cluster 4 or cluster 3 is the most dominant foot type. A foot breadth in the 50 years over is wider size range than that in the below 49 years. The foot figures of elderly men over 60 years were smaller than those of below 60 years.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.495-501
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• 2012

Spray characteristics of liquid jets in crossflow, which can be observed in the liquid jet injection system of a gas turbine or ramjet engine, were experimentally investigated. By measuring liquid jet penetration in the case of single orifice and double orifice injectors, the experimental formula for jet penetration was modified to consider penetration distances greater than that considered in a previous study. The changes in spray characteristics resulting from changes in the liquid jet and crossflow pressure, including SMD and jet disintegration, were carefully studied. Specifically, the jet penetration was measured for different injector shapes, and in the case of a double orifice injector, the penetration of the rear orifice jet was found to be greater by approximately 20% ($L_h$ = 4 mm) compared to that in the case of a single orifice injector because of the influence of the front orifice.